In this study, the effect of construction joints on the performance of reinforced concrete beams was experimentally investigated. Seven beam specimens, with dimensions of 200×100×1000 mm, were fabricated. The variables were considered including; the location and configuration of the joints. One beam was cast without a joint (Reference specimen), two specimens were fabricated with a one horizontal joint located either at tension, or compression zone. The fourth
beam had two horizontal joints placed at tension, and compression area. The remaining specimens were with one or two inclined joints positioned at the shear span or beam’s mid-span. The specimens were subjected to a monotonic central concentrated loading until the failure. T

 إنَّ توظيف مفهوم (الجودة)، وهو اداري بحت، وجزء من منظومة النشاط التنافسي (الخاص)، في إطار (الادارة) القضائية (العامة)، بالشكل الذي يساعد في تحقيق الهدف الاستراتيجي للقضاء، المتمثل بالحفاظ على مكانته الرائدة بين وسائل تسوية المنازعات، مع الارتقاء بـ(نتاجه) من الأحكام والفتاوى، وصولاً إلى التميز في أدائه، وضمان تحقيق رضا (الخصوم) عند لجوئهم إليه، وعدم بحثهم عن بدائل أخرى، أمر يساعد المؤسسة القضائية (العامة)

      تعد مسؤولية حائز العقار المدنية في القانون الإنكليزي أحد الأنواع الرئيسة للمسؤولية التي فرضها قانون الأخطاء المدنية. وهي نظام خاص من نظم المسؤولية المدنية الناجمة عن الإهمال, فضلاً عن نظامين آخرين هما مسؤولية صاحب العمل غير العقدية والمسؤولية الناجمة عن المنتجات المعيبة. وقد فرض قانون الأحكام العام. واجباً على عاتق حائز العقار لضمان سلامة الأشخاص الذين يدخلون إلى العقار . ثم صدر تشريعان إن

A theoretical description is given for the ploughing of a work-hardening inclined surface by a hemispherical slider. As the indenture is moving horizontally, the grooving force and the depth of penetration are expressed for conditions that correspond to the climbing and descending asperities. Assuming a constant vertical load on the slider, the friction coefficient due to ploughing, FP, is shown to be affected by surface inclination moreover, the limiting value of FP when the vertical load on slider is made infinitely small is shown to be independent upon the asperity angle and the shape of the slider. The treatment has some use in predicting the extent of surface damage in contact profilometry, especially for soft materials in particula

Social reform is the main pillar of the organization of societies. Therefore, all religions and theories were directed to focus on this aspect as the most important element for the development of economic and cultural development. In addition to the analysis and application of the Islamic Sharia, he did not present a theory, but offered real solutions and remedies to the crises in our Arab and Islamic societies alike, despite the criticism directed at him. Z his opinions.<

تعتبر مؤسسات دور الدولة للايتام هي مؤسسات اجتماعية بكل معانيها من حيث الرعاية التي تقدمها للأطفال الفاقدي احد او كلا الأبوين ... حيث انها مؤسسات إيوائية تقوم برعاية الاطفال الذين ذكرت حالتهم لتوفير اجواء سليمة لهم وذلك للتعويض عن الحنان العائلي ( الابوي ) الذي افتقدوهوتجنب كل ما يشعرهم بانهم دون الاخرين , ولاشك ان غياب الوالدين او احدهما له تاثير على تربية الطفل وتوجيهه لان الاير المتصدعة عاجزة عن القيام

The present study was conducted in the Tigris River within Baghdad (University of Baghdad campus). The study included some physicochemical parameters and qualitative of epiphytic algae on the host plant (Ceratophyllum demersum) during summer season 2013. The results revealed that the study area was alkaline, hard and oxygenated water. A total of 105 taxa of epiphytic algae was identified. Bacillariophyceae diatoms composed 44.7% of the total and were represented by 42.4% of the order Pennales and 1.9 %of the order Centrales. Chlorophyceae composed 32.3%, followed by Cyanophyceae composed 22.8 % of the total. The total number of epiphytic algae was fluctuated among the study period. Most of the identified algae were benthos type and a few

We consider the problem of calibrating range measurements of a Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) sensor that is dealing with the sensor nonlinearity and heteroskedastic, range-dependent, measurement error. We solved the calibration problem without using additional hardware, but rather exploiting assumptions on the environment surrounding the sensor during the calibration procedure. More specifically we consider the assumption of calibrating the sensor by placing it in an environment so that its measurements lie in a 2D plane that is parallel to the ground. Then, its measurements come from fixed objects that develop orthogonally w.r.t. the ground, so that they may be considered as fixed points in an inertial reference frame. Moreov

 Accuracy in multiple objects segmentation using geometric deformable models sometimes is not achieved for reasons relating to a number of parameters. In this research, we will study the effect of changing the parameters values on the work of the geometric deformable model and define their efficient values, as well as finding out the relations that link these parameters with each other, by depending on different case studies including multiple objects different in spacing, colors, and illumination. For specific ranges of parameters values the segmentation results are found good, where the success of the work of geometric deformable models has been limited within certain limits to the values of these parameters.

The new polydentate Schiff-base oxime  (1E,1`E)-2hydroxy-3-((E)-(2-((E)-2hydrxy3-((E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl)-5-methylbenzyldeneamino)ethylimino)methyl)-5methylbenzaldehyde oxime H4L and its binuclear metal complexes with Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) are reported. The reaction of 2,6 diformyl–4–methyl phenol with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in mole ratios of 1:1 gave the precursor (E)-2-hydroxy-3((hydroxyimino)methyl)-5-methylbenzaldehyde. Condensation reaction of precursor with ethylenediamine in mole ratios of 2:1 gave the new N4O2 Schiff-base oxime ligand H4L. Upon complex formation, the ligand behaves as a tribasic hexadantate species.  The mode of bonding and overall geometry of the complexes were determi

  This work involves synthesis of novel Schiff bases derivatives contining isoxazoline or pyrazoline units starting with chalcons . 4-Aminoacetophenone was react with pnitrobenzaldehyde or p-chlorobenzaldehyde in basic medium giving chalcones [I]a,b by claisenschemidt reactions. The chalcones [I]a,b were reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride giving isoxazolines [II]a,b  in basic medium. The chalcone [I]a could also reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give pyrazolines [III]a  . The novel Schiff bases with structural formula [VIII]n , [IX]n , [X]m and [XI]m were prepared by the reaction of amino compounds ; isoxazoline [II]a,b and pyrazolines [III]a with monoaldehydes [VI]n and dialdehydes [VII]m , respectively in dry benze

The reaction of L-ascorbic acid with the chloroacetic acid in presence of potassium hydroxide has been investigated.             The new product L (2,3,5,6-O,O,O,O-tetraacetic acid L-ascorbic acid) was isolated and characterized by elemental analysis(C.H),  1H, 13C-NMR. Mass spectrum and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The reaction of the ligand (L) (where L = H4L), M+2 = (Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ca, Mg) has been investigated and was isolated and characterized by FT-IR, UV- visible, conductivity, Atomic absorption and molar ratio (Cd, Co) complexes.  Spectroscopic evidence showed that the binding of the M(II) ions are throughy the O-1 Lacton, O-2-OCH2COOH and O-6-O

  Two series of Schiff Bases and 2,3-disubstituted-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives  were synthesized . Reaction of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with α-chloro acetic acid gave compound[I]. Esterification of carboxylic moity of compound [I] , using absolute methanol in the presence of conc . H2SO4 yielded acorresebonding ester  [II] , wich was condensation with hydrazine hydrate to give acid hydrazide [III] . The new Schiff bases [V]n were synthesized by reaction of acid hydrizide with dialdehyde [IV]n  in the presence of glacial acetic acid . The thiazolidinone derivatives [VI]n  have been obtained from the azomethines through the addition of thioglycolic acid . Their chemical structures have been confirmed by mel

تهدف الدراسة إلى إبراز دور حزبي الاشتراكي والمؤتمر في الوحدة اليمنية 78/1982م ـ 1990م، واقتضت الدراسة استخدام المنهج التاريخي والمنهج الوصفي التحليلي، إذ احتوت الدراسة على ستة محاور ومدخل تمهيدي وخاتمة، تضمن التمهيد: التطور السياسي الذي شهدته اليمن بعد نجاح ثورة السادس والعشرين من ايلول 1962م، أما المحور الأول: الدور الوحدوي للجبهة القومية، وتضمن المحور الثاني: الحزب الاشتراكي اليمني ودوره الوحدوي، في

   ان اغلب الدول التي قامت في المشرق الاسلامي قامت على انقاض الدول التي كانت قبلها، وكذلك الامر مع الدولة الخوارزمية، وكان علاء الدين تكش على مقدرة عالية في ادارة الامور، وبذلك نجده يحاول استغلال الثغرات التي يقع فيها الاخرين لصالحه، كما حصل مع اخيه سلطان محمود، وكذلك في استغلاله للصراع القائم بين الخلافة العباسية وبين السلاجقة لصالحه من اجل انهاء الدولة السلجوقية.

اشتهرت الاعظمية باحتوائها على العديد من المعالم والمباني التراثية التي ساهمت في ابراز خصائصها الجوهرية وقدرتها الابداعية الجمالية للمعمار العراقي لاسيما مباني البلاط الملكي والمقبرة الملكية اللذان اصبحا يمثلان طرازاً فريداً جمع ما بين الحداثة والاسلوب التقليدي من حيث الشكل والبناء في تخطيط عمراني تعيش فيه روح الحضارة العربية الاسلامية بكل ابعادها وموروثها الحضارية واصبحا معالماً بارزاً ذات قيمة

Whilst wireless communication technologies proliferate, putting extra demand on the finite radio frequency spectrum and leading to issues of congestion, underutilisation and interference, this dissertation presents a modern spectrum management model on the binary genetic algorithm (BGA) capable of improving detection accuracy and adaptive spectrum access in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). BGA follows binary encoding to determine optimum weighting factors for secondary users in a CRN scenario with a much faster performance and better reliability than conventional genetic approaches. In the cooperative spectrum-sensing scheme proposed in this paper, multiple secondary users will forward their local sensing outcomes to a fusion centre in w

Traffic lights operating on a fixed schedule are mostly time-consuming; for example, running green signals in the absence of vehicles, leading to a buildup of long queues at red lights. This inefficiency results in congestion in cities, contributes to delays and economic losses and intensifies pollution levels. In this study, a deep learning-based adaptive image processing traffic light control system for real-time dynamic regulation of signals was proposed. Different from typical sensor-based solutions, the proposed method uses established surveillance cameras, enabling cost-efficient deployment and easy installation. A YOLOv10-based detection model identifies and classifies vehicles by type, applying weight factors to effectively estim

This study presents the preparation method and characterisation of activated carbon (AC) from pomegranate waste by using chemical with microwave activation. Pomegranate peels in powder form were impregnated in 40–60 %wt sulphuric acid with different ratios (1:3 of pomegranate to sulphuric acid) and times (2–6 h) for chemical activation. The impregnated samples were activated in microwave under inert atmosphere at different powers (450–900 W) and activation times (7–21 min) to produce AC. Design-Expert software (version 13) was selected with the I-optimal method to analyse the effects of AC preparation variables. The preparation variables, including acid concentration, impregnation time, impregnation rat

يعد ابن ابي زيد القيرواني احد علماء القيروان من حيث المنبت والنشأة وقضى عمره فيها حتى وافاه الاجل ، ولد سنة ٣١٠ ه وتوفي سنة ٣٨٦ ه ، نال الشهرة من خلال علمه في العالم الإسلامي والعربي  الا أن عقيدته لم تأخذ نصيبها الكافي من الاشتهار في المعرفة والكتابة  لذا احببت  القيام على هذه الدراسة لإيضاح آرائه الفقهية والتاريخية ومكانته بين أهل السنة والجماعة على قدر الوسع .

كانت مؤلفاته مستمدة من كتاب الله وس

The aim of this research to study the role of modern communication technologies in improving agricultural extension work in middle Iraqi governorates by providing infrastructure to use modern communication technologies in Agricultural extension work , support agricultural extension system to transform agricultural work to electronic government , electronic management of human resources , extension services introduced for the targeted people through internet  and the contribution of modern communication technologies in improving agricultural work .The population of the research includes the middle region governorates numbered (8) governorates .Anbar and Tikret were excluded because of the security conditions in the time of da

حرص ملوك بلاد الرافدين في مختلف العصور على كسب ود الآلهة والتقرب اليها من طريق تحقيق ما تريدهُ وبما ان الملك وكيلاً ونائباً للإله على الارض فكان المسؤول المباشر على المعابد التي تعتبر مساكن خاصة للآلهة ، لذا لفتت عناية الملوك للاعتناء بها وبناء معابد جديدة وترميم القديمة منها ونقش اسمائهم على جدرانها من اجل توثيق اعمالهم فيما يخص المعابد وعُدّ بناء المعابد في بلاد الرافدين من الأعمال المقدسة التي تتطلب الق

• ناقش المؤلف الدراسات والنظريات والمذاهب الغربية التي تناولت مفهوم الدولة إذ تركز اهتمامه على النظرية الليبرالية، والنظرية الهيغلية المثالية، فالماركسية وصولا إلى الوجودية.
• أن المؤلف لم يتعامل مع هذه النظريات والمذاهب الغربية بالوصف والتشخيص وحسب، وإنما حاول مناقشتها على مستوى التصور وعلى مستوى الواقع، ومن ثمة، نقدها ومحاولة الخروج باستنتاجات واضحة بينة، ومحاولة تبين نظرة كلّ مذهب للدولة.

تعد الصيغ التاريخية أحدى أنظمة تدوين التاريخ التي أعتمدها العراقيون القدماء أذا أعطوا لكل سنة أسماً  يمثل حادثه وقعت أما في السنة السابقة أو في بداية السنة الحالية وقد ابتدأوه باستخدام هذه الطريقة منذ العصر الاكدي وحتى نهاية العصر البابلي القديم  بسقوط مدينة بابل سنة 1595 ق.م وفي العصر الكاشي كان التاريخ بسني الملوك  وبقي متبعاً  الى العصر السلوقي عندما أتخذ  العام 311 ق.م  عهداً ثابتاً  يؤرخ ب

Wheat is one of the most important strategic crops that have an important role in people's life and food security. Therefore, the research depends on the methodology value chain analyses to discuss and follow the most important determinants and problems facing wheat value chains in Iraq, as well as analyzing the costs and revenues for a different series of the chains, and then calculate the profits and value added in each of its chain .The results showed that the achieved profits by the producers of the wheat crop was 384258 dinar / dunum, while the value by weight was 371263.9 dinar / ton, The added value of the wheat producers and the marketing chain when the grain is delivered by  (local wholesalers) was 212000.8 ID / ton

This study aimed to identify pathogenic bacteria in contaminated food from cafeterias and restaurants at the University of Kerbala. Thirty-nine bacterial samples were collected from various foods, such as salads, falafel, and meat products (burger, kebab, and shawarma), before cooking. Bacteria were serially diluted, isolated on selective media, and identified based on biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequencing. Hemolysin production, seen in most bacteria from raw food samples, was determined using blood agar. Genomic DNA was extracted from all bacterial samples, and their 16S rDNA were analyzed through PCR, gene sequencing, and phylogenetic tree construction. Twenty-seven genetic variants representing both gram-positiv

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It was in the statement of the impact of moderation in preserving the freedom of individuals, including freedom of personal opinions, freedom of belief and freedom of language. It was dedicated to explaining the negative impact on the future of the nation in opposing moderation, including: dispersal of society, weakening the capabilities of society, and ease of control and occupation

The current research aims to evaluate the level of inclusive leadership within the General Secretariat for the Council of Ministers, and its role in achieving integration in work through the need to improve relationships between different administrative levels, facilitate participation, expression of opinions, and belonging to the organization. In order to achieve the research objective, the descriptive analytical statistical method was chosen using the SPSS V.25 programs, with various statistical methods and measures, including mean, standard deviation, variance coefficient, relative importance, and simple regression, through a questionnaire tool for data collection. The research community included the leadership in the sample of resear