Tin oxide (Sn) nanoparticles were prepared by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) method at different laser energies (400-700mJ). (UV, XRD, AFM, SEM, EDS) methods were employed to determine the properties of nanomaterials. The optical properties showed that the energy gap decreased with increasing laser power; the structural properties showed the relationship between density and angle; Miller's coefficients for net angles were determined and the morphology properties showed the element's surface shape and surface roughness. Also, Tin oxide nanoparticles with added to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria isolated from the ear and cultured by striking method on nutrient agar to know the effect of tin oxide nanoparticles on the growth o

     Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is an increasingly prevalent malignancy throughout the world. It has long been recognized that the incidence of TC is higher in women which increases with age. However, the association of gender disparity and age with TC aggressiveness and outcomes are still controversial. The aim of this study was focused on the association of age and gender with histopathological characteristics in TC. Methods: 153 patients who met the criteria, were selected.  The included cases were divided into four age groups (≤24 years, 25-44 years, 45-64 years, and ≥65 years). Demographic, age and pathological parameters were compared among them. The association of gender and age with

Digital Models of Elevations (DEMs) Using Surfer 16, which are interpolated to create three-dimensional controls for the entire terrain, are typically used in visualization of geospatial entities. The interpolation method used determines how accurate the resulting terrain model will be, hence it is necessary to compare the effectiveness of various approaches in this situation. Numerous generic interpolation techniques, using inverse distance to a power, triangulation as with linear interpolation, the nearest neighbor, and kriging, have been studied. These interpolation techniques produced DEMs. With the aid of SURFER software 16, the primary goal of this effort was to introduce the DEM using a spatial interpolation method and to pre

      Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis is complex and has to be confirmed by the combination of immunological tests and imaging techniques. In this study heat shock proteins were induced and their immunoreactivity was assessed by ELISA.

Sera were collected from 34 hydatid patients who were admitted to the Rizgary Teaching Hospital through October 2013 to July 2017, in addition to 29 healthy donors and 18 non-hydatid cases. For heat shock response, two batches of 25000 protoscoleces (Ps) were incubated separately at 42°C and 45 °C for 4 hours. Heat treated and normal Ps were disrupted and the extracts were divided into two parts. One part was directly used as source of antigens (PE, PE42 and PE45) and the other one was par

     Thyroid carcinoma incidence is increasing yearly and ranks second among the top ten cancers in Iraq, especially among women. The single nucleotide polymorphism (rs965513, A>C) near FOXE1 gene was found to be associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma risk in several Genome-wide association studies. Therefore, this is a case-control study aimed at identifying whether this variation is associated with the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma in the Iraqi population. Association of rs965513 was investigated in one hundred and one papillary thyroid carcinoma Iraqi patients and one hundred and two controls using quantitative PCR-high resolution melting technique. The results of genotype and allele frequencies showe

     This research aims to study the structural properties of cadmium telluride (CdTe) core QDs and cadmium telluride/ cadmium selenium (CdTe/CdSe) core-shell QDs at pH 12. The QDs were prepared using aqueous synthesis by reflux process. The structural properties of the QDs were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results of the XRD analysis for CdTe QDs and CdTe/CdSe QDs showed that they have three diffraction peaks in the directions (111), (220), and (331) with a slight shift in the diffraction peaks of CdTe/CdSe QDs, which indicates the successful packing of selenium atoms around CdTe.

     Acrylamide is a toxic chemical that is created when foods are heated; it is also available in foods containing different additives. The purpose of the study was to determine whether Bacillus spp. isolates could reduce the concentration of acrylamide in food, as well as to compare the different treatments of crude and pure L-asparaginase produced from the same bacteria in acrylamide reduction in potato slices. Our findings reveal that this bacterium could degrade acrylamide and reduce its concentration. Furthermore, the acrylamide content of potato slices reduced dramatically with increasing enzymatic treatment time, reaching the under detection limit (UDL) after 30 minutes of treatment with 84 U/ml of crude and purified

     This work, aims to study and examine the description f the gradient reduced order-strategic sensors of type boundary exponential (-strategic sensors) for completion gradient  order-detectability of type boundary exponential (-detectability). Thus, this concept is linked to an estimator in distributed parameter systems (DPS_S) in Neumann problem. So,we present numerous consequences regarding to diverse kinds of information, region  and conditions of boundary region to allow existence of -detectable systems. In addition,we have estimated at the junction interface that the interior solution isharmonizedwith the exterior solution for -detectable and, we give the relationship between this concept and sensors structures. F

This article discusses the estimation methods for parameters of a generalized inverted exponential distribution with different estimation methods by using Progressive type-I interval censored data. In addition to conventional maximum likelihood estimation, the mid-point method, probability plot method and method of moments are suggested for parameter estimation. To get maximum likelihood estimates, we utilize the Newton-Raphson, expectation -maximization and stochastic expectation-maximization methods. Furthermore, the approximate confidence intervals for the parameters are obtained via the inverse of the observed information matrix. The Monte Carlo simulations are used to introduce numerical comparisons of the proposed estimators. In ad

     In this paper, we introduce new definitions of the - spaces  namely the    - spaces  Here,  and  are natural numbers that are not necessarily equal, such that . The space  refers to the n-dimensional Euclidean space,  refers to the quaternions set and  refers to the N-dimensional quaternionic space. Furthermore, we establish and prove some properties of their elements. These elements are quaternion-valued N-vector functions defined on , and the  spaces  have never been introduced in this way before.

The analysis of COVID-19 data in Iraq is carried out. Data includes daily cases and deaths since the outbreak of the pandemic in Iraq on February 2020 until the 28th of June 2022. This is done by fitting some distributions to the data in order to find out the most appropriate distribution fit to both daily cases and deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The statistical analysis includes estimation of the parameters, the goodness of fit tests and illustrative probability plots. It was found that the generalized extreme value and the generalized Pareto distributions may provide a good fit for the data for both daily cases and deaths. However, they were rejected by the goodness of fit test statistics due to the high variability of the data.<

Historic city centers are cultural archives where built forms and spatial practices hold the collective memory of generations. In Baghdad, the concept of Cultural DNA (C-DNA) is a tool to understand how cultural codes are the generative rules that shape the evolution and persistence of the historic urban fabric. This research explores the role of C-DNA as a trigger of urban morphogenesis in Rusafa, the historic heart of Baghdad, by looking into how cultural values underpin spatial continuity, change, and adaptability. The study uses Space Syntax methodologies with DepthmapX, supported by historical maps, surveys, and field observations, to analyze two morphological stages of Rusafa: 1850 and now. Through axial analysis, the research

This paper proposed a new approach for an underwater visible light communication (UVLC) system using MIMO (2Tx/2Rx) technology. The BER performance, Q-factor, and data rate of the UVLC system are looked at in coastal waters of the Jerov type (J1C, J3C, J5C, J7C, and J9C). The applied system takes into account the angles ranging from 0 to 15° and 45°. The results indicated that 32-PPM outperformed other modulation techniques.

Peer support is an effective strategy to promote self-management behaviors and improve well-being in those with cardiometabolic disease, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is limited knowledge about stakeholder perceptions regarding peer support programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The study assessed stakeholders’ awareness and understanding of peer support initiatives for T2DM, and explored their perceived barriers and readiness for implementation. A cross-sectional, self-administered online survey with branching logic was distributed to stakeholders across macro- (health policy), meso (tertiary hospital), and micro (community) levels of LMIC healthcare systems from June 1 to December 15, 2023. Quan

         حظي العديد من ملوك العراق القديم بأهمية خاصة لدى الباحثين المحدثين، ويعود السبب في ذلك الى المكانة التي حظي بها هؤلاء الملوك بسبب نشاطهم السياسي واعمالهم العسكرية والعمرانية. والتي أمكن التعرف عليها من خلال ما تركوه من مخلفات مادية او ما دونوه في النصوص المسمارية وعلى النصب والمسلات. ومن بين هؤلاء الملوك، الملك أيبق ادد الثاني (1850 -1813 ق.م)، الذي يعد بداية حكمه بداية لنهضة مملكة آشنو

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة بقايا الملابس المكتشفة في مواقع متعددة من بلاد الرافدين، من خلال ما توصلت إليه التنقيبات الأثرية، وتحليل ما توفر من أدلة مادية وفنية ونصوص تاريخية، في محاولة لفهم طبيعة الملابس، ووظيفتها الاجتماعية والدينية والاقتصادية .اذ ان اغلب المواد المستخدمة في صناعة الملابس قدیما کانت مصادرها من جلود الحیوانات والمنسوجات النباتیة والمواد العضویة واغلبها ضعیفة وهشة نادراً ما تبقى سالمة ومح

Background: In this work, a fingerprint powder was used to reveal latent fingerprints from different surfaces. This powder was derived from the Date fronds as activated carbon. Methods: In preparing the activated carbon, three parameters were studied: activation time, activation temperature, and impregnation ratio. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the prepared Date frond activated carbon (DFAC) as well as the raw material (Date frond plant). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) was used to measure the specific surface area of DFAC. The surface shape and the element composition of the prepared powder were investigated using (SEM-EDS) analysis. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to determine th

The response of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii adults and their predators Coccinella septempunctata and Chrysoperla carnea to infested or uninfested cucumber leaves was tested using a Y-shape olfactometer. Aphids were significantly more attracted to uninfested than infested cucumber leaves. C. septempunctata was significantly more attracted to the infested leaves with aphids than uninfested cucumber leaves. At the same time, C. carnea responded to VOCs from leaves infested with aphids compared to healthy leaves. Moreover, the feeding activity of aphids rustles to release Kairomonal compounds, which can be positively exploited by C. carnea to identify the location of aphids and infested plants. Ou

This study was aimed to investigate antibiotic-resistant genes in Escherichia coli found in drinking water is a global public health concern. The isolation and identification of Escherichia coli in three drinking water treatment plants in Baghdad city was carried out using a mix of biochemical and molecular analysis on selective medium. LacZ gene amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out for molecular identification, and the study showed that lacZ was present in each isolate. The molecular method was used to confirm the culture method's findings.  Both the molecular diagnostic and the culture method produced the same results. Applying the McFarland standard and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, th

A field experiment was conducted during tow spring seasons of 2022 and 2023 in the experimental fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad using RCBD design according to factorial experiments with three replicates and three factors including sunflower cultivars (Ishaqi 1 and Ishaqi 2). The second factor included seeds priming with seaweed extract (Acadian) concentrations (0, 3, and 4 mg L^-1), in addition to with, foliar application of seaweed extract at the aforementioned concentrations. The results showed the significant superiority of the Ishaqi2 cultivar in all studied traits for both seasons. The treatment with priming and foliar application with Acadian at a concentration 4 mg L

This study was aimed to detect the effect of co-enzyme Q10 against infectious bursal disease vaccinated with different programs (recombinant HVT-IBD single dose at one day old, classical vaccines D78 at eight days old, and E228 at 16 days old) through the evaluation of levels of interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum. Two hundred and ten broilers were divided into seven groups, with 30 chicks in each group. T1, feed Q10 (20 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (D78, E288); T2: feed Q10 (20 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (rHVT); T3: feed Q10 (40 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (D78, E288); T4; feed Q10 (40 mg/kg) and vaccinated by (rHVT): T5; vaccinated (D78, E288) only: T6; vaccinated (rHVT) only: T7; negative

This research aimed to examine how farmers are impacted by risk by estimating the off-farm labour supply model. The study used a qualitative response model to determine the extent to which independent factors influence the dependent factor, using the Probit model. Information was collected randomly from 134 farms it included all crops grown in it of the agricultural divisions of Baghdad Governorate's Karkh and Rusafa sides for the season 2021/ 2022. The research found that the size of the agricultural family is directly proportional to the probability of participating in work outside the farm, as its parameter was 0.015. Also, the higher the educational level of the farmers, the greater the likelihood of participating in work outside the

The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of beta-casein protein (β-CN) hydrolyzate, purified from Iraqi camel milk, on blood glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), level of liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] and the lipid profile status of alloxan-induced diabetes rats. The results indicated that the β-CN protein hydrolysates at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/kg showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the level of blood glucose during fasting and in (OGTT). However, there were, significant increasing (p<0.05) in the level of insulin, GF-1 and the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), meanw

The research aims to identify the obstacles facing agricultural extension workers to enhance the competitiveness of the local agricultural product of vegetables in Baghdad province. The research community included all workers in the Department of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Training, and the Directorate of Agriculture of Baghdad\ Karkh and their number (114) workers. To achieve the research aims, a questionnaire was prepared consisting of (34) items as obstacles distributed over three areas (obstacles related to the agricultural extension aspect, obstacles related to the local agricultural product, and obstacles related to vegetable farmers). To measure these obstacles, a four-graded scale was used, consisting of four levels

This study aimed to determine and analyze market power among rice exporters to the Iraqi market by estimating the residual demand for different types of rice. Four countries were included in the study: Thailand, India, Pakistan, and the United States of America. The inverse residual demand elasticity of these countries was measured during the study period, 2005-2021. The results showed market power among the countries supplying rice to the Iraqi market. Thailand has greater market power than the United States due to lower export prices and a weaker local currency. On the other hand, competition between Pakistan and India was intense in the Iraqi rice market. The study recommended government intervention to support farmers in improving pr

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى  استخدام المعزز الحيوي Lactobacillus paracasei CNCMI-1572للحد من نمو الفطر Aspergillus flavus ومعرفة تأثيره على انتاج سم الافلاتوكسين B1 او اختزاله بعدة معاملات ، اذ تميزت جميع المعاملات ( معاملة البكتريا المنماة في MB وتعريضها لجهاز Ultrasonic، معاملة الراشح البكتيري وتعريضه ل جهازUltrasonic ، كلا المعاملتين فحصت عبر FESEM لمعرفة حجم الدقائق النهائي، معاملة البكتريا في MB فقط ، معاملة الراشح البكتيري فقط وجم

ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at the research station of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during the fall season of 2023–2024. The study aimed to investigate the effect of adding an organic nutrient and spraying a fruit-set regulator on the concentration of nutrient elements and vegetative growth traits of the broad bean. The experiment included two factors: the first was the type of fertilization (chemical fertilization recommendation for broad bean and different levels of the organic nutrient Karmino bloom with the addition of 25% NPK). The second factor was the application of the pod-set regulator (Oraset-x) at three concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 g L⁻¹). The results showed that

In sports where technical performance is crucial, quantitative analysis methods have evolved to track skill performance using modern training methods and technology. This helps trainers evaluate training methods and detect performance issues. Coaches and athletes know that preliminary movements improve attack accuracy, but the association between motions (strikes, presses, crushes) and target regions (torso, armed arm, head) has not been thoroughly investigated. Lack of studies on Paralympic fencing's targeted contact regions and ambiguity around the most common preliminary actions highlight the research problem. The study examined epee fencers' successful movement sequences in the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games' final bouts and touch success

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem. It is estimated that there are 240 million HBV carriers in the world, of whom roughly 600,000 die annually from HBV-related liver disease. A total of 150 individuals were included in this study, 130 individuals of them had hepatitis B infection (patients group); HBs-Ag was detected in their sera by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and was confirmed by real time PCR analysis to detect the viral genetic material, the others were control. Most of HBV patients in this study were located within 20-40 years group with a percentage of 47.7% and within the 40-60 years group with a percentage of 38.5%. Acute infection was confirmed by detection of anti-HBc IgM