حظي العديد من ملوك العراق القديم بأهمية خاصة لدى الباحثين المحدثين، ويعود السبب في ذلك الى المكانة التي حظي بها هؤلاء الملوك بسبب نشاطهم السياسي واعمالهم العسكرية والعمرانية. والتي أمكن التعرف عليها من خلال ما تركوه من مخلفات مادية او ما دونوه في النصوص المسمارية وعلى النصب والمسلات. ومن بين هؤلاء الملوك، الملك أيبق ادد الثاني (1850 -1813 ق.م)، الذي يعد بداية حكمه بداية لنهضة مملكة آشنو

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة بقايا الملابس المكتشفة في مواقع متعددة من بلاد الرافدين، من خلال ما توصلت إليه التنقيبات الأثرية، وتحليل ما توفر من أدلة مادية وفنية ونصوص تاريخية، في محاولة لفهم طبيعة الملابس، ووظيفتها الاجتماعية والدينية والاقتصادية .اذ ان اغلب المواد المستخدمة في صناعة الملابس قدیما کانت مصادرها من جلود الحیوانات والمنسوجات النباتیة والمواد العضویة واغلبها ضعیفة وهشة نادراً ما تبقى سالمة ومح

Background: In this work, a fingerprint powder was used to reveal latent fingerprints from different surfaces. This powder was derived from the Date fronds as activated carbon. Methods: In preparing the activated carbon, three parameters were studied: activation time, activation temperature, and impregnation ratio. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the prepared Date frond activated carbon (DFAC) as well as the raw material (Date frond plant). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) was used to measure the specific surface area of DFAC. The surface shape and the element composition of the prepared powder were investigated using (SEM-EDS) analysis. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to determine th

The response of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii adults and their predators Coccinella septempunctata and Chrysoperla carnea to infested or uninfested cucumber leaves was tested using a Y-shape olfactometer. Aphids were significantly more attracted to uninfested than infested cucumber leaves. C. septempunctata was significantly more attracted to the infested leaves with aphids than uninfested cucumber leaves. At the same time, C. carnea responded to VOCs from leaves infested with aphids compared to healthy leaves. Moreover, the feeding activity of aphids rustles to release Kairomonal compounds, which can be positively exploited by C. carnea to identify the location of aphids and infested plants. Ou

This study was aimed to investigate antibiotic-resistant genes in Escherichia coli found in drinking water is a global public health concern. The isolation and identification of Escherichia coli in three drinking water treatment plants in Baghdad city was carried out using a mix of biochemical and molecular analysis on selective medium. LacZ gene amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out for molecular identification, and the study showed that lacZ was present in each isolate. The molecular method was used to confirm the culture method's findings.  Both the molecular diagnostic and the culture method produced the same results. Applying the McFarland standard and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, th

A field experiment was conducted during tow spring seasons of 2022 and 2023 in the experimental fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad using RCBD design according to factorial experiments with three replicates and three factors including sunflower cultivars (Ishaqi 1 and Ishaqi 2). The second factor included seeds priming with seaweed extract (Acadian) concentrations (0, 3, and 4 mg L^-1), in addition to with, foliar application of seaweed extract at the aforementioned concentrations. The results showed the significant superiority of the Ishaqi2 cultivar in all studied traits for both seasons. The treatment with priming and foliar application with Acadian at a concentration 4 mg L

This study was aimed to detect the effect of co-enzyme Q10 against infectious bursal disease vaccinated with different programs (recombinant HVT-IBD single dose at one day old, classical vaccines D78 at eight days old, and E228 at 16 days old) through the evaluation of levels of interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum. Two hundred and ten broilers were divided into seven groups, with 30 chicks in each group. T1, feed Q10 (20 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (D78, E288); T2: feed Q10 (20 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (rHVT); T3: feed Q10 (40 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (D78, E288); T4; feed Q10 (40 mg/kg) and vaccinated by (rHVT): T5; vaccinated (D78, E288) only: T6; vaccinated (rHVT) only: T7; negative

This research aimed to examine how farmers are impacted by risk by estimating the off-farm labour supply model. The study used a qualitative response model to determine the extent to which independent factors influence the dependent factor, using the Probit model. Information was collected randomly from 134 farms it included all crops grown in it of the agricultural divisions of Baghdad Governorate's Karkh and Rusafa sides for the season 2021/ 2022. The research found that the size of the agricultural family is directly proportional to the probability of participating in work outside the farm, as its parameter was 0.015. Also, the higher the educational level of the farmers, the greater the likelihood of participating in work outside the

The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of beta-casein protein (β-CN) hydrolyzate, purified from Iraqi camel milk, on blood glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), level of liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] and the lipid profile status of alloxan-induced diabetes rats. The results indicated that the β-CN protein hydrolysates at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/kg showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the level of blood glucose during fasting and in (OGTT). However, there were, significant increasing (p<0.05) in the level of insulin, GF-1 and the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), meanw

The research aims to identify the obstacles facing agricultural extension workers to enhance the competitiveness of the local agricultural product of vegetables in Baghdad province. The research community included all workers in the Department of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Training, and the Directorate of Agriculture of Baghdad\ Karkh and their number (114) workers. To achieve the research aims, a questionnaire was prepared consisting of (34) items as obstacles distributed over three areas (obstacles related to the agricultural extension aspect, obstacles related to the local agricultural product, and obstacles related to vegetable farmers). To measure these obstacles, a four-graded scale was used, consisting of four levels

This study aimed to determine and analyze market power among rice exporters to the Iraqi market by estimating the residual demand for different types of rice. Four countries were included in the study: Thailand, India, Pakistan, and the United States of America. The inverse residual demand elasticity of these countries was measured during the study period, 2005-2021. The results showed market power among the countries supplying rice to the Iraqi market. Thailand has greater market power than the United States due to lower export prices and a weaker local currency. On the other hand, competition between Pakistan and India was intense in the Iraqi rice market. The study recommended government intervention to support farmers in improving pr

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى  استخدام المعزز الحيوي Lactobacillus paracasei CNCMI-1572للحد من نمو الفطر Aspergillus flavus ومعرفة تأثيره على انتاج سم الافلاتوكسين B1 او اختزاله بعدة معاملات ، اذ تميزت جميع المعاملات ( معاملة البكتريا المنماة في MB وتعريضها لجهاز Ultrasonic، معاملة الراشح البكتيري وتعريضه ل جهازUltrasonic ، كلا المعاملتين فحصت عبر FESEM لمعرفة حجم الدقائق النهائي، معاملة البكتريا في MB فقط ، معاملة الراشح البكتيري فقط وجم

ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at the research station of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during the fall season of 2023–2024. The study aimed to investigate the effect of adding an organic nutrient and spraying a fruit-set regulator on the concentration of nutrient elements and vegetative growth traits of the broad bean. The experiment included two factors: the first was the type of fertilization (chemical fertilization recommendation for broad bean and different levels of the organic nutrient Karmino bloom with the addition of 25% NPK). The second factor was the application of the pod-set regulator (Oraset-x) at three concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 g L⁻¹). The results showed that

In sports where technical performance is crucial, quantitative analysis methods have evolved to track skill performance using modern training methods and technology. This helps trainers evaluate training methods and detect performance issues. Coaches and athletes know that preliminary movements improve attack accuracy, but the association between motions (strikes, presses, crushes) and target regions (torso, armed arm, head) has not been thoroughly investigated. Lack of studies on Paralympic fencing's targeted contact regions and ambiguity around the most common preliminary actions highlight the research problem. The study examined epee fencers' successful movement sequences in the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games' final bouts and touch success

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem. It is estimated that there are 240 million HBV carriers in the world, of whom roughly 600,000 die annually from HBV-related liver disease. A total of 150 individuals were included in this study, 130 individuals of them had hepatitis B infection (patients group); HBs-Ag was detected in their sera by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and was confirmed by real time PCR analysis to detect the viral genetic material, the others were control. Most of HBV patients in this study were located within 20-40 years group with a percentage of 47.7% and within the 40-60 years group with a percentage of 38.5%. Acute infection was confirmed by detection of anti-HBc IgM

One of the primary problems in internet is security, mostly when computer utilization is increasing in all social and business areas. So, the secret communications through public and private channels are the major goal of researchers. Information hiding is one of methods to obtain a security communication medium and protecting the data during transmission.
This research offers in a new method using two levels to hide, the first level is hiding by embedding and addition but the second level is hiding by injection. The first level embeds a secret message in one bit in the LSB in the FFT and the addition of one kashida. Subtraction of two random images (STRI) is RNG to find positions for hiding within the text. The second level is the in

The current research aims to find out the effect of strategic sensitivity in enhancing organizational immunity at the leadership levels in the Iraqi Ministry of Education, as the strategic sensitivity variable includes two dimensions (strategic foresight and strategic Insight), and the organizational immunity variable addresses three dimensions (organizational learning, organizational memory and organizational DNA). The main purpose of this research was related to the extent to which the Ministry’s immunity was achieved through the role played by strategic sensitivity. A sample of (349) individuals was selected . The questionnaire was relied upon to collect data, and the number of questionnaires suitable for analysis was (330). Re

Consider the (p,q) simple connected graph . The sum absolute values of the spectrum of quotient matrix of a graph  make up the graph's quotient energy. The objective of this study is to examine the quotient energy of identity graphs and zero-divisor graphs  of commutative rings using group theory, graph theory, and applications. In this study, the identity graphs  derived from the group  and a few classes of zero-divisor graphs  of the commutative ring R are examined.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive airflow limitation that is preventable but not curable. It is associated with persistent symptoms that cause a considerable burden on individual productivity at work, and daily activities, and reduced quality of life, also burdening the healthcare system and society. Objectives: The study aims to measure the burden of COPD on patients in terms of daily activities and work productivity. It also seeks to investigate some inflammatory biomarkers' levels and their correlation with selected outcomes. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 120 stable COPD patients who were diagnosed and treated according to the GOLD guidelines at Kirkuk General Hospital's

When optimizing the performance of neural network-based chatbots, determining the optimizer is one of the most important aspects. Optimizers primarily control the adjustment of model parameters such as weight and bias to minimize a loss function during training. Adaptive optimizers such as ADAM have become a standard choice and are widely used for their invariant parameter updates' magnitudes concerning gradient scale variations, but often pose generalization problems. Alternatively, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with Momentum and the extension of ADAM, the ADAMW, offers several advantages. This study aims to compare and examine the effects of these optimizers on the chatbot CST dataset. The effectiveness of each optimizer is evaluat

Groundwater modelling is particularly challenging in arid regions where limited water recharge is available. A fault zone will add a significant challenge to the modelling process. The Western Desert in Iraq has been chosen to implement the modelling concept and calculate the model sensitivity to the changes in aquifer hydraulic properties and calibration by researching 102 observations and irrigation wells. MODFLOW-NWT, which is a Newtonian formulation for MODFLOW-2005 approaches, have been used in this study. Further, the simulation run has been implemented using the Upstream-Weighting package (UPW) to treat the dry cells. The results show sensitivity to the change of the Kx value for the major groundwater discharge flow. Only abo

The purpose of this study is to underline the progression and development of research regarding oxygen-containing heterocycles as well as the contribution that some oxygen-containing heterocycles have made as anticancer medicines. A series of publications about the antitumor effects of derivatives of heterocyclic compounds containing an oxygen atom, such as furan, benzofuran, oxazole, benzoxazole, and oxadiazole, were evaluated, and their anticancer activities showed encouraging results when compared to those of established standard treatments.

Background: Non-nutritive sucking habit (NNSH) is the main environmental causative factor that disturbs normal orofacial development. In spite of the harmful effect of pacifier as a NNSH, mothers aware from the other types of NNSH like thumb sucking far more than pacifier use. Open bite is one of the most challenging malocclusions in orthodontics due to the high prevalence of relapse after treatment, so preventing the causative factor of its occurrence is essential at early age of child life. This study aims to assess the impact of two non-nutritive patterns on the development of anterior open bite in primary dentition and to compare which of these habits mostly affect open bite development. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of

Durability of hot mix asphalt (HMA) against moisture damage is mostly related to asphalt-aggregate adhesion. The objective of this work is to find the effect of nanoclay with montmorillonite (MMT) on Marshall properties and moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixture. Two types of asphalt cement, AC(40-50) and AC(60-70) were modified with 2%, 4% and 6% of Iraqi nanoclay with montmorillonite. The Marshall properties, Tensile strength ratio(TSR) and Index of retained strength(ISR) were determined in this work. The total number of specimens was 216 and the optimum asphalt content was 4.91% and 5% for asphalt cement (40-50) and (60-70) respectively. The results showed that the modification of asphalt cement with MMT led to increase Marsh

Background: The COVID-19 virus outbreak had a massive effect on many parts of people's lives, as they were advised to quarantine and lockdown to prevent the virus from spreading, which had a big impact on people's mental health, anxiety, and stress. Many internal and external factors lead to stress. This negatively influences the body's homeostasis. As a result, stress may affect the body's capacity to use energy to defend against pathogens. Many recent investigations have found substantial links between human mental stress and the production of hormones, prohormones, and/or immunological chemicals. some of these researches have verified the link between stress and salivary cortisol levels. The aim of this study is to measure salivary corti

The contemporary development applications on scientific areas of acyclic and cyclic Schiff bases and their complexes.

Objectives The strategies of tissue-engineering led to the development of living cell-based therapies to repair lost or damaged tissues, including periodontal ligament and to construct biohybrid implant. This work aimed to isolate human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and implant them on fabricated polycaprolactone (PCL) for the regeneration of natural periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues. Methods hPDLSCs were harvested from extracted human premolars, cultured, and expanded to obtain PDL cells. A PDL-specific marker (periostin) was detected using an immunofluorescent assay. Electrospinning was applied to fabricate PCL at three concentrations (13%, 16%, and 20% weight/volume) in two forms, which were examined through field emission