The growing trend of converting plant waste into energy requires a comprehensive analytical investigation into the potential environmental risks of heavy metal pollution. Therefore, this paper presents an in-depth analytical study of the heavy metal content in waste samples of Eucalyptus collected from three locations in Iraq: Al-Khadra District, Al-Taji, and Samarra. The analysis included ultimate and proximate, ICP-MS, Thermal, and SEM-EDX analysis. TGA/DTG analyses were used to characterize the thermal behavior of the samples; the obtained TG and DTG curves were used to evaluate the volatilization of heavy metals during the gasification process. Results indicated that the samples followed a general trend of heavy metal contamination w

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries, threatening food production, healthcare, and life expectancy. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs can optimize antibiotic use, improve patient outcomes, lower AMR, and save healthcare costs. This observational-retrospective study in Dhi Qar Governorate aimed to assess antimicrobial prescribing patterns in Al-Nasiriya public hospitals. Dhi Qar Health Directorate comprises ten hospitals, and only one hospital was excluded from the study. The study used data from antibiotic stewardship committees, including antibiogram, antibiotic, and meropenem surveys, hospital pharmacies’ medical files, and the directorate statistics from 1/1/2

Background: Cancer is rising as a significant global public health concern. The global cancer burden is escalating, exerting considerable physical, emotional, and financial strain on people, families, communities, and healthcare systems. Objective: To explore the challenges faced in cancer management from the perspectives of physicians. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted between November 2024 and February 2025. Physicians were recruited from three different centers in Baghdad and Karbala using purposive and snowball sampling. The data collection was concluded upon reaching a saturation point. Results: This study included twenty-six oncologists. There was about parity between the two genders, with a slight male predominance.

Background: One kind of cancer that starts as a proliferation of cells in the breast tissue, frequently developing into tumors, is breast cancer. With notable incidence rates in both industrialized and developing nations, it is the most prevalent cancer diagnosed in women globally. Environmental factors, lifestyle decisions, and hormones all increase the risk of breast cancer. It was demonstrated that individuals with breast cancer had greater levels of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which explains their function in the pathogenicity of the disease and its therapy. The hypothesis of this study includes how chemotherapy for breast cancer affects the level of interleukins.

Objective: This w

 This work includes the synthesis of a new five-membrane heterocyclic ring of zolidines derivatives. These derivatives of compounds were synthesized by reaction of pyromellitic diimide was solved in dry DMF with sodium hydrate to produce salt pyromellitic diimide right after that add ethyl chloro acetate to give N, N´-bis (ethyl acetate) Pyromellitic diimide this product is the first compound (1) then with excess hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol to obtain hydrazaide derivatives compounds (2). After that compound (2) reacts with p-substituted aromatic aldehydes to give Schiff base compounds (3-7). The Schiff base compounds exhibit versatile reactivity, leading to the formation of various heterocyclic derivatives. When rea

Dermatophytes secrete enzymes that allow them to invade keratin tissues, act as antigens, and trigger inflammatory responses. Subtilisin-like proteins degrade keratin structures, facilitating their infection of body tissues and the host. This study aimed to detect subtilisin genes (SUB1-7) through conventional PCR analysis and to investigate their relationship with the antifungal resistance of certain dermatophyte isolates. Twenty-two isolates obtained from Iraqi patients were identified both morphologically and molecularly, specifically using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. A genomic DNA extraction kit was used to extract genomic DNA from fungal growth. The identified isolates were found to consist of the followin

A frequent challenge is the absence of sonic log data for various reasons, which calls for effective solutions. One practical approach to address this issue is the estimation or prediction of missing well logs, commonly referred to as soft logging, which can significantly lower exploration costs in the oil and gas industry.

     Given the structural complexity and heterogeneity of geological reservoirs, there are often pronounced nonlinear relationships among different well logs. This study introduces a substitution method that leverages the Random Forest machine learning algorithm for sonic log prediction, to create a dependable model for predicting sonic logs using the available log data.

     The target log type

The oriental yellow scale insect (Aonidiella orientalis) (Newstead, 1894) was studied as a harmful pest affecting citrus trees in the Al-Qanat (Baghdad) and Al-Suwaira (Wasit) during the 2023–2024 seasons. This study reports the first record of the external parasitoid Aphytis melinus DeBach, 1959 in Iraq, based on morphological characterization of adult traits and pigmentation patterns of A. melinus pupae, consistent with molecular identification results using the COI gene fragment. The genetic analysis revealed a 99% match with a globally recorded strain in France (GenBank accession number KX065209) compared to the local strain registered in GenBank under the accession number PP301406.The study also investi

Enterococcus spp. are a commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens that seriously threaten public health. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are responsible for about 90% of the enterococcal infections. The ability of E. faecalis to resist many of the utilized antibiotics, which makes the treatment hard, together with its ability to form a biofilm that allows it to cause severe infections, make these bacteria a threat to public health. The study aimed to identify the resistance patterns and species distribution of E. faecalis strains isolated from clinical samples. Conventional methods were used to identify 52 E. faecalis isolates from patients at Al-Imam al-Sadiq teac

Kidney disease is a kidney injury or disease that affects many people globally. The study aims to evaluate the effect of Phosphatidyl Inositol (4,5) Bisphosphate, 5-Phosphatase (PIP2) enzyme on calcium (Ca²⁺) levels and its relationship to oculocerebrorenal gene variations in kidney stone and kidney failure patients. The enzyme-produced amount was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genetic variations were studied through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, followed by the sequencing of fragments of the exons (9, 13, 15). Blood samples were collected from eighty patients (40 with kidney stones and 40 with kidney failure), and 40 were healthy individuals. Results showed a significant dif

Meteorites are a crucial subject that assists in comprehending the components of the solar system.  They burn entirely or partially when they enter the atmosphere due to friction. A plasma will generate surroundings and finally a mass ablation. By studying the spectrum of the forming plasma around them, we can investigate the chemical compositions of the meteorites' mass and the parameters of the plasma. In this work, a laboratory study was conducted on a genuine meteorite that fell in the city of Baghdad. A sample was taken from the meteorite and bombarded with a laser to obtain plasma. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to diagnose plasma parameters using the Boltzmann method and LIBS (Q-switched Nd: YAG pulsed laser). A vacuum ch

This study aimed to use Nerium oleander as a reducing and stabilizing agent for core-shell nanoparticles of iron and zinc (Fe₃O₄-ZnO) to use as an antimicrobial agent. The biosynthesized (Fe₃O₄-ZnO) NPs were characterized by various techniques such as UV-VIS, AFM, EDX, TEM, and Zeta potential. The wavelength of the (Fe₃O₄-ZnO) core-shell nanoparticles was (319 nm), the diameter was identified by atomic force microscopy (AFM), the average diameter was 78.74 nm, the core and shell nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄-ZnO) were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) through the dark inner region representing the core and the bright part surrounding the dark

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes inflammation and the development of some autoimmune diseases (AIDs), including Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). This research sought to examine TNF-α gene expression and assess serum concentrations of TNF-α and its soluble receptor 1 (sTNFR1) in women with HT. The study group included fifty healthy women and fifty HT women. Serum concentrations TNF-α and TNFR1 levels were evaluated using the sandwich ELISA method.  The expression level of TNF-α was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our research findings revealed a highly significant increase at p<0.001 and a strong positive correlation between TNF-α and TNFR1

Metabolic disorders, characterized by concurrent metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity, involve dysregulated signaling pathways critical to energy homeostasis. This study investigates the interplay between the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) enzyme and the protein Arrestinβ-1in individuals with metabolic disorders. A total of 135 samples were collected and divided into 2 groups: The first group was the controls, n= 46, and the second group the patients, which was divided into two groups:  45 patients with metabolic disorders patients (dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity), and 44(T2DM) patients with obesity, Samples were collected from AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital from August to September 20

two solvent extracts (Mehanol and aqueous) of three medicinal plants Sage (Saliva officinalis L.), Chamomile (Matrica chammile L.) and Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) were evaluated for their antimicrobial efficacy against several food pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. the results revealed that the alcoholic extract of three medicinal plants had significant antimicrobial action against all tested microbes compared with aqueous extract. the phytochemical examination of the three medicinal plants revealed the presence of carbohydrates, phenoles, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, saponinsand alkaloids in the Sage and Anise plant extracts but absence of saponins in the alcoholic extract of Chamomile plant. the resul

     In this research, the viral infections disease in discrete epidemic model with treatment is presented. The treatment function imposed inside SIV model to see their effects. The conditions for the positivity of solutions to endemic and epidemic points are found and also conditions that require to achieve local stability of all the equilibria are satisfied. Possibility of bifurcation and chaos are discussed. Furthermore, the numerical analysis validates the established theoretical results by using MATLAB program and the iterative method was employed. Also, the influence of the treatment on the model’s behavior confirmed numerically.

     This article presents new findings in the realm of operator theory (OT) related to fuzzy soft set theory (FST). A new version of the fuzzy soft paranormal operator in a fuzzy soft Hilbert space, called fuzzy soft -paranormal operator, is formulated in a more comprehensive and general form.  The most significant characteristic of the proposed operator is described as allied to other its leading traits. In addition, the requisite conditions to acquire various interesting merits of this novel operator are highlighted.

The study aims to evaluate the health effects of exposure to air pollutants by applying hematological and biochemical analysis to (39) employees (15 male and 24 female) at the Iraqi National Museum (M1) and Natural History Museum (M2) in Baghdad City during the summer and winter seasons, who were exposed to air pollution, to determine the extent to which pollutants resulting from using of specific materials in cleaning, fogging, and preservation of museums' specimens, affect these employees' blood. A temtop device was used to measure the main indoor environmental parameters in these museums, particularly (total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), formaldehyde (HCHO), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Basic hematological parameters:

     Edge networks are decentralized networks that allocate computing resources at the network's periphery. It reduces the need for data centres and cloud computing by bringing processing power and data storage closer to devices. This architecture improves reaction times and performance, especially for latency-sensitive and data-intensive applications. Edge networks, like any technology, have drawbacks; security is one of these. Protecting the data traveling over IoT Edge-Cloud nodes is critical. Authenticated Encryption (AE) algorithms are the best solution to provide data secrecy, integrity, and authenticity for data over these multi-node networks. This study seeks to secure the connection among IoT devices, edge servers, and cloud

Background: Intestinal parasite infections (IPIs) have significantly declined in recent decades, largely due to hygiene and health education improvements. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum . This study aimed to achieve two key objectives: To diagnose these three parasites using nested PCR, and identify the most common virulence factors associated with each parasite (E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and C. parvum) in children using multiplex PCR. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Wasit province. A total number of 296 stool samples were randomly collected and examined, 96 samples of them from children (˂16 years) affected

Tirzepatide is a once-weekly injectable medication that acts as a dual incretin receptor agonist, stimulating glucose-dependent insulin release, reducing hepatic glucagon production, slowing gastric emptying, and inducing satiety. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Mounjaro (tirzepatide) injection on May 13, 2022, for improving glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is a very good alternative for the treatment of T2D because of its strong weight-loss benefits and high glycemic-lowering efficacy. The study aimed to assess the impact of the weight loss drug tirzepatide on leptin and some biochemical parameters before and after three months of treatment. Blood samples were collected from 50 people aged 2

The study aimed to determine the physical, mineralogical, and geochemical properties in Thi-Qar and to determine the chemical weathering, chemical maturity and paleoclimate in the study area. Mineralogical, geochemical, and grain size analyses of samples were obtained from sediments of selected areas within Thi-Qar Governorate (Al-Aslah, Nasiriyah Refinery, Tall Al-Laham, and Grarraf) and have been examined. Texture analysis was performed on all samples using British, American, and folk standards specifications. The results were as follows: a high rate of silt and sand, with an even higher percentage of clay.

The X-ray diffraction technique distinguishes non-clay minerals from clay minerals. The non-clay minerals represented quart

The study focuses on the development of a spectrophotometric method for quantifying chlordiazepoxide in its pure form and pharmaceutical formulation. The developed method is based on the formation of a colored ion-association complex through the reaction of chlordiazepoxide with Bengal rose B dye, facilitated by KH- phthalate buffer at pH 4.0. The effects of various factors on the formation of the complex were studied at 568 nm., in the concentration range of 3 to 30 µg. mL^-1. The calibration curve exhibited linearity following Beer's law, demonstrating molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 1.2771x10⁴ L.mol^-1.cm^-1and 0.0234 μg∙cm^-2 respectively. The detection limit

Nodules cystine-rich (NCR) peptides from legume nodules mediate bacteroid differentiation of Rhizobium sp. This study aimed to characterize NCR peptides of Phaseolus vulgaris, Trifolium repens, Medicago sativa, and Vicia faba, as relevant information on these legumes is still lacking. After exposing the root nodules of four leguminous plants to sonication, the peptides were separated according to their molecular weight by sodium dodecyl gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The NCR peptide was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by the determination of the protein sequence and amino acid composition and their evolutionary history in terms of the phylogenetic tree by bioinformatics anal

     The symmetry energy accounts for the rise in nuclear matter's energy as the ratio of protons to neutrons deviates from equality. Using the Coherent Density Fluctuation Model (CDFM), the nuclear symmetry energy (S), neutrons pressure (Po), and asymmetric compressibility (ΔK) in argon isotopes were calculated. The in-depth study also investigates the correlation between the neutron skin thickness (ΔR_n) and the properties of the nuclear symmetry energy's density dependence for Ar isotope chains. In addition, the significance of the neutron-proton asymmetry, the nuclear symmetry energy's mass dependency, and the neutron skin's thickness are investigated. Analysis of density-dependent nuclear symmetry energy characteris

Wind energy is considered the world's second sustainable energy source after solar energy was utilized to generate electrical energy. Iraq's accession to the Paris Climate Agreement encouraged the government to involve small and large projects in generating electricity from renewable energy sources, including wind. This requires preliminary studies on the feasibility of investing in renewable energy sources in Iraq. This work was concerned with analyzing wind energy for the city of Sinjar-Nineveh in northern Iraq to determine the extent of the potential of wind energy in generating electrical energy in that region. The wind speed and direction in the area were analyzed at three altitudes for 44 years. The results showed that the northwes

Diyala is one of Iraq's largest citrus producer areas, characterized by many orange trees and sour and sweet lemon trees embraced by palm orchards. The absence of outstanding quality and spectral remotely sensed information makes distinguishing between distinct fruit tree species with similar spectral and spatial characteristics difficult, particularly for broadleaf evergreen trees. This work provides a unique decision technique for mapping the geographical distribution of citrus trees using spectral reflectance characteristics taken from Landsat 9 band spectral indices data. The spectrum reflectance of citrus trees was calculated using a seasonal series of data (2018-2023) of spectral indicators such as the Normal Difference Vegetation

     In this work, the influence of positive and negative corona discharges on the variation of air gap discharge characteristics with applied voltage under atmospheric pressure in the tap water electrodes system has been investigated. The discharge characteristics included emission spectra, electron temperature, electron number density, Debye length and plasma frequency. The results show no effect of polarity of space charge on the emission peaks. While the intensity of emission peaks increases when the presence of the negative space charge forms the negative corona discharge. Increasing the applied voltage increases the (T_e , n_e , ) plasma parameters while parameters (λ_D , N_D) decrease.

     The current work aimed to clarify the various biochemical parameters in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) that impact the ceruloplasmin activity. Thus, patients with CAD (n=38 CAD participants) and a healthy control group (n=38) were included. Their ages ranged from 42 to 67 years old. Ceruloplasmin activity (Cp), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) , total protein (TP),   albumin, creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde (MDA), and calcium were measured in the study in serum samples from each group. The findings of the comparison of measured parameters between CAD and control groups were as follows: Results revealed that the levels of TG, TC, VLDL-c, LDL-c, globulin, TP, cr