The current study aimed to evaluate the qualitative, chemical, and sensory aspects of processed meat products (camel meat burgers) preserved through refrigeration at 4°C ⁺2 for 12 d. It was treated with three concentrations of peppermint oil extract. The volatile oils from peppermint leaves were extracted using steam distillation with a Clevenger apparatus. The study involved adding three concentrations of peppermint oil (0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%) to the camel meat burgers manufactured according to the Iraqi Standard Specifications for the year 2019, No. 5110, and conducting chemical, qualitative Protein, Lipid, Ash, Moisture, CHO, PH, PV (m.equ/kg), T.B.A (mg MDA/kg), T.V.N (mg/100gm), FFA, and sensory tests over 1,

    The khabra insect is one of the harmful Storeyt pests in the stores and causes severe damage to the stored materials, which reduces its economic and marketing value in iraq. for this reason, recent studies and research have resorted to finding safe and harmless anti -human control methods and other organisms, unlike chemical pesticides. this study was conducted. where the study included for this purpose the use of water and alcoholic pomegranate peel extracts and testing the effect of the killer on the third and fifth phases and the adult role and in a direct way (the insect treatment directly with the extract) where three concentrations were used from the water and alcoholic pomegranate scales extract (pun

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the BAERCAT shredder during shredding some farm waste to reduce its size and produce unconventional animal feed. A split-split plot design used to implement the experiment with three factors, first factor was the cutting knife type with two levels serrated edge and a smooth edge, the second factor was feeding speeds with two levels (5.5 and 9.5 rpm), and the third factor was types of crop waste with two levels (palm fronds and corn stalks) with three replicates. The cutting speed was fixed during the experiment (1450 rpm). Some machine performance indicators were studied, including machine productivity, total required power, specific energy and Powe

         In order to estimate the energy cost and system efficiency for solar drip irrigation system. The experiment was carried out at the Al-Raed research station located in the Abu Ghraib area, west of Baghdad, for the fall season of 2023. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used the least significant difference of 0.05 was used. The experiment consisted of three factors: The first factor was the solar panel type with two levels: monocrystalline and polycrystalline. The second factor was operating pressure of Irrigation system with two levels P1 (0.25 bar) and P2 (0.5 bar). The third factor was the dripper type with three levels: T1(4 L/hr

            Marek’s disease is a highly contagious, immunosuppressive, lymphotropic, and economically effective illness of avian species, mainly chickens, caused by a herpes virus known as Gallid herpesvirus 2 of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. In this study, the prevalence of Marek’s disease in different Iraqi governorates was investigated using highly specific and sensitive primers. The results revealed that twelve farms out of the total 50 tested were positive for Marek’s virus representing 24%. The highest rate of infected farms was recorded in Baghdad with 4 farms (23.5%) followed by Diyala, Wasit, and Karbala at infection rates of 2(25%), 3(27.3%), and 3(100%) f

            This study was done to estimate the PGPMs (Rhizobium ciceri CP-93, Azospirillum brasilense, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus megaterium, Lysinibacillus fusiformis) under salinity stress for three levels 4 dS/m, 8 dS/m and 12 dS/m pot experiment were carried out in Plant Protection Directorate/ Ministry of Agriculture / Abu-Ghreeb/ Baghdad. Using wheat cultivar IPA 99 In 2022-2023 season according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Several combinations of biofertilizers were used alone and with 25% chemical fertilizer, in addition to chemical fertilizer treatment at a concentration of 25% and 100% for comparis

An experiment was conducted in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the years 2022-2023 using Plant Tissue Culture Technique. The variables three varieties of barley: Ebaa265, Ebaa99 and Bouhoth 244; 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) at concentrations: (0,1.5,3 and 4.5) mg.L^-1  for callus inducation; BA (Benzyl Adenine)  at concentrations: (0,1,2, and 3) mg.L^-1  for regeneration and  IBA (Indole Butyric Acid)<

      A field experiment was carried out in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences- University of Baghdad. This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of selection to improve some field traits associated with sunflower seed yield and select genotypes that will achieve the best balance between high yield components under conditions of nitrogen deficiency. The experiment included eight sunflower genotypes and three levels of N-supplied (50, 100, and 200) N kg ha^-1. RCBD was used design with split-plot arrangement the sunflower genotypes were allotted as main plots and sub-plots were allotted nitrogen fertilizer rates with three replicates for the autumn season o

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of wavelength of light and duration of illumination on the growth characteristics of broiler chickens of the Ross 308 line. at the Ministry of Agriculture - Department of Agricultural Research - Livestock Research Division - Poultry Research Station. three hundred one day of age male broiler chicks were used, divided randomly into 5 groups with replicates (20 birds per replicate). Treatments consisted in a: negative control treatment (C-); Long illumination, 23 hours of light (white): 1 hour of dark; Positive control treatment (C+);short illumination, 20 hours of light (white) with 4 hours of darkness; other treatments GL, RL, and BL, 20 hours of light with 4 hours of darkness (gr

The mixture of Fe₂O₃ Nanoparticles prepared from Serratia fonticola with glyphosate herbicide were exposed against weeds (Bermuda) during the field experiment. A total of 42 soil samples were collected from various agricultural areas in Baghdad city, five species of bacteria that grew the most were selected for regarding other isolates: Enterobacter cloacae complex, Serratia fonticola, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pantoea spp. and Pseudomonas mendocina. Extracellular extracts of these bacteria were made and then used to manufacture iron oxide nanoparticles biologically. It was observed after measuring the average diamet

A pots experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, for the growing season 2022-2023 to find out the effect of the concentrations of the growth regulator brassinolide on some morphological characteristics, the concentrations of macroelements (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) and active compounds of the plant Eruca sativa Mill. The study was designed based on the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and three replicates of 12 pots each, so that the number of pots was 36. Four concentrations of the growth regulator brassinolide (0, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5) mg L^-1 were used. The results showed that spraying with the br

The urban uses of rivers have become common in cities, This has led to the emergence of diverse groups of open spaces along the riverbanks to interact with the river's environmental and natural system in various ways. However, the riverbanks in the city of Baghdad have not received sufficient attention for activating their riverbanks in terms of botanical design, given the scarcity of specialized local studies in this field. This study aimed to evaluate the riverbank in the Al-Kadhimiya area of Baghdad and conduct a comprehensive analysis of the site. This analysis includes examining the natural environment, functional analysis utilizing adjacent areas, vehicular and cultural values. The study aimed to understand the impact of th

Under laboratory conditions, the study assessed the efficacy of certain endophytic bacteria isolated from healthy tomato plants in suppressing the pathogenic fungus Alternaria solani, which causes early blight in laboratory conditions. The study was carried out in the Fungal Diseases Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture for the 2022 season. 20 bacterial isolates were obtained in several fields in Baghdad Governorate. the pathogenicity assay on tomato plants grown in pots revealed that 50% of the endophytic bacterial isolates showed pathological symptoms when tested individually on aplant, such as yellow spots, necrosis, wilting and death of certain plant leaves or the whole p

The study aimed to evaluate the anti-alcoholic activity of pumpkin and nanoscale extract against some types of bacteria. The results showed that the Cu/Cs-NPs was more effective than the methanolic extract of pumpkin peel on all types of Used becteria in the study, despite the use of the plant extract at higher concentrations. Concentrations, the were 100 and 200 mg/ml, while the nano composite was used in lower concentrations, which were 16 and 32 mg/ml. The Cu/Cs-NPs gave the highest inhibition zones of (20.33, 17.33, 12.67, 16.33) mm at a concentration of 32 mg/ml for each. Of the For each bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli , respectively, wh

A laboratory experiment was conducted during the seasons of 2023 and 2024 in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Field Crops- College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) according to factorial experiments with four replicates and three factors. The first factor was planting dates (1 june , 15 june and 1 july), the second factor was two soybean cultivars (Lee 74 and Shaimaa), and the third was seed priming treatments ( GA3  300 mg L-1 , KCl 30 g L-1, and seaweed extract 3 ml L-1, in addition to two control treatments: soaking in distilled water and dry seeds). The results showed the superiority of the June 15th pla

A field experiment was conducted using five in bred lines of maize: NADH 102, NASA 2022, NAEL 2022, NA 9928 E, and NADH 2006, (numberd 1,2,3,4,5 respectively) In the first season of spring 2022, a half-diallel Crossing program was employed to obtain (10) single crossing hybrids. Subsequently, the parents and single cross hybrids were planted in two comparison experiment in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad / Jadriyah during the spring and fall seasons of 2023, following a RCBD design with four replications. To study the traits days to silking, ear height, leaf area index (LAI), ear length, days to physiological maturity (DTM), crop growth rate (CGR), ear weight, total dry matte

The field study was conducted in Abu Ghraib / Baghdad in the Agricultural Protection Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, for the 2023 agricultural season. Seeds of Hibiscus sabdarriffa L., of the two varieties, red and dark red, were planted for the purpose of studying the population density and seasonal presence of the cotton seed bug Oxycarenus hyalinipennis on the plant. The results showed that the first appearance of adults was in the third week of July, on the red and dark red varieties, at a rate of 4 and 5.5 adults/one sweep on sweeping net and 1.13 and 1.63 adults/one yellow sticky trap, respectively. The numbers of adults reached their peak on the eighteenth of July. During the month of December,

      This study was conducted Plant diseases laboratory in the agricultural protection Directorate / Ministry of Agriculture for the purpose of molecularly diagnosing fungal isolates obtained by isolating them from different areas of melon Cucumis melo L. growing fields in Iraq and testing the chemical factors K₂HPO₄ and Tannic acid in inhibiting the growth of the fungus. The most pathogenic R. solani in the laboratory. The phenotypic diagnosis was confirmed by molecular diagnosis of isolates F8, F19, F23, F28, and F34 through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology for DNA amplification and nucleotide sequencing of the nitrogenous bases of the genetic material

Cereal crops, including wheat (Triticum aestivum), are among the most important vital and strategic crops in the world because they contain important food sources of vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and other nutrients. Stored grains are affected by many insect pests, causing significant economic losses in grain weight that may reach 10% in one storage season. One of the most dangerous stored insects that infest grains is the hairy grain beetle (Trogoderma granarium).

            The insect is known for its resistance to various liquid and gaseous chemical pesticides, as well as its ability to withstand long periods of drought and

Credential compromise is one of the most widespread security threats, allowing adversaries to bypass traditional authentication measures and impersonate legitimate users. Traditional intrusion detection systems are often based on network-level or macro-behavioral indicators, which can be easily spoofed by an attacker, thus compromising the effectiveness of those mechanisms. This study presents an improved adaptive intrusion detection system to authenticate user behavior based on micro-digital behavioral profiling. It involves the use of timing of keystrokes, micro-mouse, navigation in the application, and interaction rhythm signatures. The proposed system uses a hybrid model consisting of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) sequence predi

Cloud point extraction is a simple, safe, and environmentally friendly technique for preparing many different kinds of samples. In this review, we discussed the CPE method and how to apply it to our environmental sample data. We also spoke about the benefits, problems, and likely developments in CPE. This process received a great deal of attention during preconcentration and extraction. It was used as a disconnection and follow-up improvement system before the natural mixtures (nutrients, polybrominated biphenyl ethers, pesticides, polycyclic sweet-smelling hydrocarbons, polychlorinated compounds, and fragrant amines) and inorganic mixtures were examined and many metals like (silver, lead, cadmium, mercury, and so on). We also find

A field experiment was carried out at College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, during the fall seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. The aim of study the effect of foliar spraying with moringa extract and yeast, and the addition of humic acid was determi need, on the flower yield, carotenoids content, and total phenolics. A factorial experiment within a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Was implemeuted The study included three factors: foliar spraying with moringa leaf extract at concentrations of 0%,4%, 6% and 8% (M0-M1-M3-M2), yeast suspension at concentrations of 0 g L^-1 , 5 g L^-1 and 10 g L^-1 (Y0-Y1-Y2), and adding humic acid at concentra

            This study was conducted to investigate Tobamoviruses infecting tomatoes. Leaf samples (n=10) from symptomatic tomato plants were screened for Tobamoviruses using Enzyme Linked Immune-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and group specific antibodies. One sample scored the highest absorbance value (3.1790) was selected. Datura Stramonium was leaf inoculated with the sample selected to confirm the infection. Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from tomato leaves and a complementary cDNA strand was synthesized. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using the primers TobUni1/TobUni2 targeting coat protein (CP) o

The research aimed to evalauate the effectiveness of aquatic extract and Alcoholic extracts of seed and roots mustard under laboratory conditions at concentrations of) 0.5, 1, 1.5( %to inhibiting the eggs' hatching and viability of second-stage juveniles (J2). The results indicated that the Alcoholic extract of mustard seeds at a concentration of 1.5% showed effectiveness in reducing egg hatching after (24

The study aimed to characterize the properties of Moringa oleifera Lam.The seed oil of Moringa was grown in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences – University of Baghdad in summer season 2022-2023. The total composition of the seeds was estimated, and it was noted that the oil content in the seeds was high at 38.11%. The total fatty acid content of the oil extracted by the cold pressing method was estimated, the oleic acid was characterized as a high content of fatty acid, at 72.38%, followed by stearic acid, at 6.27%. Palmitic acid (6.17%). The antioxidants activity of Moringa were estimated as the total phenolic content (119 ppm), such as sterols, tocopherols

This study was conducted at the Rashidiya Date Palm Station, one of the projects of the Horticulture Department/Ministry of Agriculture in Iraq for the 2023 season. This study was aimed to know the effect of benzyl adenine, adding organic fertilizers, and thinning on the yield properties of date palm Cv. Mejhoul. The experiment included three factors. The first factor was the benzyl adenine (B) spray with three concentrations (0, 100, 150 mgL-1). The second factor involved adding humic acid with seaweed extract (HS) to the soil at three levels (0, 1 kg humic acid + 150 g seaweed extract, 2 kg humic acid + 300 g seaweed extract). The third factor was thinning (T) the flower clusters at two levels (without thinning, removing 10 cm

This study aimed to Isolation and identification with molecular detection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from imported (frozen) and local (fresh) meat using selective media, biochemical tests, VITECK 2 technology, and conventional PCR with sequencing. (100) meat samples were collected from different markets in Baghdad city, (50) samples from each local and imported meat. The results of cultural isolation from frozen meat reported (4/50) 8% as MRSA isolates, while, only (3/50) 6% of MRSA isolates were isolated from the fresh meat samples. All suspected isolates of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were positive for VITEK 2 system.

Tests in the sports field constitute an essential tool for achieving optimal results and evaluating player performance, particularly in competitive sports such as basketball. The importance of shooting emerges as it is the only means of direct scoring and the critical statistic that distinguishes victory from defeat. The researchers observed that previous tests of basic shooting types whether administered individually or in combination do not adequately reflect the complexities of actual game situations. Therefore, the problem lies in the need to address this gap by designing a composite test that simulates various playing conditions related to basic shooting skills. The descriptive approach was adopted, and the research community was delib

There is a growing interest in studying the effects of arthritis on a person's work productivity using a growing variety of outcome indicators.