This study provides a comprehensive photometric and structural analysis of the galaxy UGC 10168, which is classified as (R₁R₂′)SAB_a(r′l)a in the Comprehensive de Vaucouleurs Revised Hubble-Sandage (CVRHS) system. UGC 10168 is an intermediate barred spiral galaxy with intricate inner and outer ring structures, which presents an intriguing scenario for studying resonant feature dynamics. Surface photometry was used to analyze the luminosity distribution, ellipticity, and position angle profiles along the semi-major axis of the galaxy, utilizing multi-wavelength imaging from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The classification (R₁R₂′) emphasizes the existence of two distinct outer pseudorings that are formed by t

Microwave plasma plays a vital role in various scientific and technological applications due to its high efficiency and flexibility. The geometry of the discharge tube, especially its cross-sectional area, significantly affects essential plasma parameters such as electron density, ion density, and electron temperature. These parameters directly influence plasma behaviour, including energy absorption and electromagnetic field distribution. This study employs COMSOL Multiphysics software to analyze how variations in the cross-sectional area of the discharge tube impact plasma characteristics. The objective is to identify patterns that could improve the design and performance of plasma-based systems, with potential benefits in fields like m

Oil extraction is a crucial industry for Iraq, significantly contributing to the country's economy, particularly in Basra Governorate. However, intensive extraction activities can lead to ground deformation, manifesting as subsidence and uplifts, which may impact infrastructure and the environment. This study investigates ground deformations caused by oil extraction in the Rumaila oilfield, one of Iraq's major oil-producing areas, located in southern Iraq. The study employed Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) techniques using Sentinel-1 SAR data from the European Space Agency. To analyze these deformations, DInSAR allows for precise measurement of surface deformation by calculating displacement differences bet

This study outlines a technique for enhancing a metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor's sensitivity to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) gas. Using a sol-gel and spin-coating process, the gas sensor was constructed from hydrothermally generated ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) and decorated with different concentrations of CuO nanoparticles (NPs). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction, and optical characteristics were used to examine the gas sensor's morphology, crystal structure, and UV-Vis absorption. The primary pattern's hexagonal structure was revealed by X-ray diffraction and FESEM images, which showed the rough surface of ZNRs/CuO NPs. NO₂ gas-sensing characteristics were examined at three different CuO NP c

The crystal structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of thin films made from a blend of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which were doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) at weight ratios of 2, 4, 6, and 10 wt%, were investigated using the solution blending method. Undoped and doped PVDF-PVA polymer blend thin films were deposited using the spin-coating technique. The effect of the addition of ZnO NPs to PVDF-PVA polymer blends was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy to characterize the crystal structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of thin films. XRD results showed that the addition of ZnO

This study investigates the nuclear structure of 12C, 15N, and 24Mg nuclei utilizing a shell model (SM) with the Skyrme Hartree–Fock (SHF) approach. The form factors for inelastic electron scattering were computed for low-lying states that change their parity. This study demonstrates the practicality of the strategy using the truncated large-scale spsdpf shell model space with WBP two-body effective interaction. The data for the M2 transition (2-,0),(2-,1) states indicate energy levels of 12.180 MeV and 16.660 MeV in 12C, 12.666 MeV in 24Mg, 10.062 MeV and 10.800 MeV for 3/2+(3) and 3/2+(4) states, and 7.153 MeV and 10.529 MeV for 5/2+(2) and 5/2+(4) states in 15N. Within Hartree-Fock theory, Skyrme interactions are utilized to derive

The present report depicts a convenient route for the synthesis of new N-Mannich bases from Ciprofloxacin (CP) drug. The synthetic route started from the reaction CP drug with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole to give compound [A], the N-Mannich bases analogs of CP [A1-A8] were prepared by the reaction of CP derivative [A] with primary and secondary amine derivatives. The structure of the analogs was confirmed by spectral (1 HNMR and FTIR) and analytical data. This study also includes calculations of total energy and electrostatic potential. In addition, this research aimed to determine the effects of CP derivatives on the activity of various transferase enzymes in sera, such as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and Glutamate Pyruvate Tra

The purpose of the study is to synthesize and characterize a new polytriazole derivative from polyacryloyl chloried, first reaction of polyacryloyl chloride with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of DMF as a solvent to obtained acid hydrazide (1) than reacted with different amide to give poly 1,2,4-triazole derivatives(1a-1c). Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral methods [13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and FTIR] and calculated some of its physical properties. Also, we worked theoretical study involving calculated the geometric configurations, total energy, dipole moment etc..,. In addition, the inhibition effect of the synthesized compounds (1a-1c) on corrosion of stainless steel in 1M HCl were studied by method of weight lo

A new poly chain derivative of polyacrolein has been synthesized from the two basic precursors, polyacrolein and aromatic amine/substituted amine in chloroform to prepare poly Schiff base compounds (A1-A4). The novel poly subs.β-lactam derivative is obtained via coupling of poly schiff base with chloroacetyl chloride and trimethylamine (B1-B4). Newly synthesized compound was identified via spectral methods; their [13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and FTIR] also measurement of some of its physical properties. Furthermore the inhibition effect of synthesized compounds (B1-B4) on the corrosion of stainless steel in 1N HCl was studied by wight loss method. The results of weight loss measurements showed that corrosion inhibition efficiency by increasing the co

Constructing a geologically realistic reservoir model and accurately evaluating petrophysical properties are critical components for effective reservoir management. Such efforts enable reliable assessment of hydrocarbon potential and support predictive development scenarios through numerical simulations. This study aims to characterize the Yamama carbonate reservoir in the Ratawi Field, southern Iraq, and to build a static geological model as a foundation for future dynamic simulation. Comprehensive well data, including wireline logs, core analysis, and geological reports, were integrated to interpret petrophysical parameters such as shale volume, effective porosity, and water saturation. Additionally, facies classificat

TiO₂ famous the very best uranium elimination performance due to its excessive surface region, chemical balance, and photocatalytic effectiveness. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has proven promise as a photocatalyst and adsorbent for disposing of uranium from radioactively contaminated water. The goal of this study was to synthesize and evaluate TiO₂ nanoparticles for uranium removal from radioactively infected water using sol–gel and hydrothermal techniques. Under top-quality conditions, the synthesized TiO₂ done uranium removal efficiencies exceeding 70%, demonstrating its potential as a fee-effective and environmentally friendly fabric for radioactive wastewater treatment. The synthesis and amendment of TiO₂ to i

This study investigated the challenges of implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) in residential complexes in Iraq. The research will aim at determining the most prominent challenges that have affected the implementation of BIM, evaluating the challenges based on the perceptions of the professionals, and presenting practical insights that can be used to realize successful implementation. The mixed-method research design was applied, and it included the literature review, expert interviews, and a questionnaire survey of 67 professionals who were involved in the construction projects. The identified challenges were ranked using the collected data with the help of Reliability testing and Relative Importance Index (

This paper proposes a hybrid speech enhancement estimator that integrates the Perceptually-motivated Karhunen–Loève Transform (PKLT) with the Dual-Masking Harmonic-based (DMH) algorithm in a unified framework termed PKDMH. The main novelty lies in combining perceptual subspace projection with harmonic-residual suppression, enabling the system to jointly remove noise while preserving speech-relevant spectral cues. PKLT first performs perceptual subspace projection and suppresses inaudible components, after which DMH eliminates remaining broadband and harmonic residuals. The proposed PKDMH system was evaluated using the TIMIT dataset contaminated with five noise types: White, Pink, F16, Airport, and Car noise—across f

This study investigated the effect of nanoclay (NC) additives on the mechanical performance of high modulus asphalt mixtures (EME). The research studied NC at four different binder weight percentages (0 %, 2 %, 4 %, 6 %) through Marshall stability tests and indirect tensile strength (ITS) and resilient modulus (M_R) evaluations at 5 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C. The results showed substantial improvements across all performance indicators. The Marshall stability increased by 20.7 % when NC reached 6% but flow values decreased by 18.2 % for NC values between 4 % and 6 % because of enhanced permanent deformation resistance. The ITS values showed a 16.5 % increase which demonstrated better tensile strength performance.

Groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions are highly sensitive to climate variability, and assessing future water balance conditions is essential for sustainable management. This study evaluates the effect of climate change on the water balance of the Al-Teeb district in southern Iraq under both historical (1993–2023) and future (2031–2050) climate conditions. The analysis was performed with the Thornthwaite-Lerner method, combined with statistically downscaled climate projections produced through Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG, v8) that was driven by HadGEM3-GC31-LL GCM for the SSP2-4. 5 scenarios. During the reference period, mean annual precipitation amounted to 178.9 mm/yr, and

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) demands computing systems that remain highly intelligent while adhering to tight energy constraints. For always-on edge applications, traditional processors are too power-hungry. This neuromorphic system is developed for IoT to achieve computing integrity and has remarkable efficiency. We propose computer-memory architecture which essentially is event-driven processing and temporal-spike coding. Architectural breakthroughs include clockless processing and adaptive precision and therefore exploit temporality with hierarchical event encoding. While current hardware solutions show a power consumption of 70 μW to 680 μW, our system shows 10 – 100× improvement in overall e

Many industrial systems involve multiple criteria and objectives, and they are very complex problems in computational science, such as task scheduling. We propose bi-criteria and bi-objective scheduling problems, which are solved by two nature-inspired evolutionary algorithms, such as Simulated Annealing (SA) and Bee Algorithm (BA). This problem is characterized by scheduling a batch of tasks on multiple machines, and it is fundamental because the solution should focus on the simultaneous optimization of two conflicting objectives: the makespan minimization and the total tardiness minimization. This problem is NP-Hard, and therefore, two evolutionary methods were used to search for solutions intelligently in this huge, v

This paper presents the design and implementation of an E-shaped microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication. The antenna features several advantages, including low volume, low profile, easy mounting, lightweight construction, and low fabrication cost. It operates at 3.2 and 3.4 GHz, using an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.4 mm. The design incorporates two parallel slots to perturb the surface current patch. The E-shaped antenna achieves return losses of -13 dB and -16 dB at the operating frequencies of 3.2 and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The design and simulation were conducted using CST software, with coaxial probe feeding employed. Furthermore, this study investigates the effect of surface roug

This paper used the sol-gel dip-coating method to produce pure indium tin oxide (ITO) and ITO thin films doped with AlCl₃ at varying concentrations (50, 100, and 150 wt.%). Precursors such as InCl₃ and SnCl₄ were used in the synthesis. The synthesized ITO samples underwent thorough characterization using UV-Vis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD analysis revealed a strong peak for the (222) plane, showing that the indium oxide in the thin films is very well-organized. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of elements, including indium (In), o

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films were deposited on glass substrates using the spray pyrolysis technique (SPD) with different precursor concentrations (10^-4 to 10^-1M). The structural, morphological, compositional, and optical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD results revealed a transformation from amorphous to crystalline cubic ZnS structure with increasing precursor concentration. FESEM and AFM analyses showed that higher concentrations produced smoother surfaces with smaller particle sizes.  EDX confirmed i

This study explains how nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles are made using a plasma jet method at normal air pressure, using a direct current (DC) power supply set to a steady voltage of 13 kV. The properties of the plasma were studied using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) while changing the flow rates of argon gas to 0.25, 0.75, 1.75, and 2.25 L/min over a period of 6 minutes. NiO thin films were deposited on glass substrates and annealed at 270 °C. UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the optical properties of the NiO nanoparticles, revealing a marked decrease in the energy band gap from 4 eV to 2.5 eV with an increase in gas flow rate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the films possessed a polycrystalline structure wi

In this work, an experimental (hardware-in-the-loop) and numerical study of a 50W photovoltaic (PV) module with an ML2440 solar charge controller is presented under different levels of solar irradiance conditions, using a resistive load. Three test cases were considered: no tracking and two resistive loads (90 Ω and 115 Ω). Theoretical power and efficiency were predicted from the incident solar irradiance, panel temperature and module characteristics, and experimental measurements were then juxtaposed with the calculated values to assess both the model’s accuracy and the controller’s performance. The maximum measured output reached 49.70 W when the irradiance was 1000 W/m², and the load resistance was set to i

The study examines temporal variation in water levels by calculating the surface area of the Al-Hammar Marsh in southern Iraq over 11 years (2013–2023), because of the consistent Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 data. Because it represents years of remarkable hydrological diversity in Iraq, it provides a trusted assessment for the surface changes of Al-Hammar marsh by using geographic information systems and remote sensing. The change in the surface was determined by utilizing supervised classification (maximum likelihood) to classify the region. Water and vegetation were the two land cover classes that we determined using ArcMap software. Then the thematic maps were created by the same software. The resulting signalize that th

This study presents a comprehensive methodology to improve monorail route selection in Kirkuk city, Iraq using a quantitative GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis. The primary aim of this study is to develop and apply a quantitative, GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis framework for optimizing and objectively selecting the most suitable monorail route in Kirkuk city, Iraq, by integrating spatial, topographic, accessibility, service coverage, and economic factors in order to support sustainable and cost-effective urban transport planning in a post-conflict context. The research area covers 460.89 km², including an extensive road network of 5,533.27 km and 3,193 points of interest (POI). Four different monora

Thermal management has become a major issue in the latest high performance computing machines because high CPU temperatures result in inefficient performance and decreased hardware life span. In this work, the cooling performance of a finned metal foam heat sink (FMFHS) was examined. The pore density values of tested copper metal foam (CMF) samples with different values of PPI 5, 10 and 20, with a constant porosity of 90%. For reference, these samples were measured by a conventional Aluminum plate-fin heat sink (CHS). The work was performed under experimental conditions in which air directed over the heat sink surface at air velocities (2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 m/s). The environmental temperature was fixed at 27 °

  يعد محمد بن منكلي (ت784هـ/1282م) واحداً من المؤرخين المسلمين القلائل الذين وجدوا لهم طريقاً خاصاً في التأليف  وتحديداً  التخصص في الكتابة بالشؤون العسكرية وإعداد الجيوش , بل انه يعد الابرز من بين هؤلاء المؤرخين على الاطلاق نظراً لما تركه من ثروة علمية هائلة في هذا الحقل النادر من الكتابات التاريخية.

        ان هذا المؤرخ  الذي كان سليل عائلة قد مارست العمل في الجيش وامتهان الحرفة ا

Pressure ulcers are one of the most common hospital-acquired major conditions that occur in patients with mobility limitations and result in endangering patient safety, prolonging hospital stay, disability, and death. This study aims to examine the level of nurses’ practices and perceived barriers for preventing pressure ulcers among critically ill patients.