تبحث هذه الدراسة الاستكشافية متعددة الأساليب فيما إذا كان الذكاء الاصطناعي والترجمة الآلية يحلان محل المترجمين البشريين أم أنهما بمثابة أدوات إنتاجية ضمن سير العمل المهني. واستنادًا إلى مراجعة أدبية، ومهمة ترجمة مقارنة، واستطلاع رأي شمل تسعة وأربعون مترجماً محترفاً في جميع أنحاء العراق، والشتات العراقي في أوروبا، والشرق الأوسط، وجدت الدراسة أن الذكاء الاصطناعي يتفوق في السرعة والتكلفة، ولكنه ما يزال دو

اللغات التي تُوصف بأنها لغات حيَّة وقويَّة لا بد أن يكون لها مصادر موثوقة في تدوين أصواتها وألفاظها وتراكيبها، تُستنبط منها القواعد وتطمئن إليها نفوس الناطقين بها حيث تكون عندهم محلّ اتفاق وإجماع، وهذه اللغات هي التي يُكتب لها أن تكون وعاءً للعلوم والثقافات والحضارات على تعاقب الأجيال، وإنّ تدوين أي لغة من لغات العالم ولاسيَّما اللغات التي لها امتداد طويل في الحضارات الإنسانية به حاجة لرصد تلك اللغة من وا

تناول هذه الورقة البحثية مسرحية "الفرافير"، وهي مسرحية رائدة للكاتب المسرحي المصري يوسف إدريس، من منظور الفلسفة الوجودية، مع إدراك دقيق لمعايير العبث والحرية والاغتراب. وتجادل الدراسة بأن إدريس يوظف العلاقة الديناميكية بين فرفور (الأحمق) والسيد لإضفاء طابع درامي على القضايا الوجودية، كتلك التي تناولها فلاسفة غربيون، منهم جان بول سارتر وألبير كامو. وبالاعتماد على تحليل النصوص والمبادئ الوجودية، توضح الور

إن ازدياد حراك السكان يجعل دراسة الأوضاع اللغوية في الأسر متعددة الأعراق مهمة بالغة الأهمية لعلم التربية الحديثة، وعلم اللغة الاجتماعي. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد خصوصيات الأوضاع اللغوية في الأسر متعددة الأعراق في روسيا ومنطقة الخليج العربي، وتقييم إمكانات المنهج البيئي في تنشئة الأطفال، وتنمية ثنائية اللغة لديهم. وتكمن حداثة الدراسة في تكييف "المنهج البيئي" لمانويلوف مع الديناميكيات الاجتماعية، والثق

For Spanish learners who are not immersed in everyday contexts, such as students of Spanish as a foreign language, interaction with native speakers is an enriching experience that allows them to contrast their knowledge in a meaningful way. For its part, understanding the cognitive and grammatical functions of the so-called verbs of change plays an essential role in the development of everyday conversation,including the management of aspects such as dialectal variations.In relation to this important function, the central theme of our proposal is verbs of change. The latter have been the research base of several linguists who highlight, amidst their complex functioning in Spanish, positive communicative bases. By observing these perspecti

The dyes Azo have a lengthy history and are a vital part of our daily lives. There are numerous potentials uses for these substances and their derivatives in various industries and environmental and biological research. In this study conversion of various azo compounds into other derivatives, complexes, and polymers was accomplished. This review included examining the chemistry reactions, synthesis, and applications of azo dye ligands and their complexes, mentioned spectral, analytical, thermal, and morphology methods of investigation, and confirmed by mass fragment mechanisms for some azo dyes and metal complexes. One of the aims of this review is to explain the role of these azo dye derivatives and the effect of metal complexes on leather

One of the crucial public health problems worldwide is the urinary tract infections (UTIs) that are derived from uropathogenic bacteria (UPBs). Slime layer is known to have the ability to permit bacteria to achieve smooth surfaces attachment like catheters and prosthetic implants which in turn, facilitate biofilm formation and may cause lethal infections. On the other hand, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production is considered a growing concern among UPBs due to the limiting of the treatment options and contributes to resistance toward antibiotics. The principal study's point is the finding out the slime layer and ESBL production in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae of uropathogenic origin. Ten ready isolates (five isola

This study was aimed to identify the role of barley prolamin (BP) hydrolysates which prepared from local barley (class Ibaa 99), prolamins isolate using pepsin and trypsin (individually - synergistically) in inhibiting the ACE 1 and as antioxidant agent. The Amino acids (AAs) content of barley protein were estimated by HPLC technique, and barley prolamin (BP) was isolated from whole barley flour (WBF) using 70% ethyl alcohol, and then purified depending IP and centrifugation. Prolamin molecular weight (M.wt) was determined using the electrophoresis technique. Barley prolamin isolate (BPI) subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using 20U of pepsin and trypsin separately and synergistically for 8 h. Ali

This study was aimed to investigate effectiveness of lycopene and nano-lycopene extracted from tomato waste powder in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms was studied. The study included preparing lycopene extract using a triple solvent mixture (hexane, acetone, and ethanol) in ratios (2:1:1) after evaporating them from the extractor and using it to prepare nano-lycopene by the technique of High-energy mechanical grinding. The surface morphology and roughness of the lycopene nanoparticles was determined, and their dimensions were determined using an atomic force microscope (AFM).The effectiveness of both lycopene and nano-lycopene extract was tested to inhibit gram-positive and negative bacteria, fungi, and yeast using the sui

This research aimed to measure the impact of trade openness and changes in the terms of trade on the growth of agricultural domestic product in Iraq for the period 1990-2020. The independent variables were represented by indicators (trade openness, agricultural exports, the rate of trade of agricultural crops, and the exchange rate). The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) measures the relationship between variables, in addition to the PP test for the stability of the time series. After the estimated model passed the bounds test, the short-run and long-run functions were estimated. The results of the estimation in the short run showed the existence of a positive effect of both terms of tr

The study aims to determine the impact of economic and social determinants on the size of women's contribution to agricultural work. The research used qualitative response models to determine the impact of the explanatory variables (age, marital status, educational level, training skills, experience in agricultural work, NGO support, health status, family size, experience in secondary agricultural work, use of agricultural machinery in plant production) and their impact on the variable affiliated with the participation of rural women for a random sample of (384) women in separate rural areas in Baghdad Governorate. The results of the analysis showed that the size of the family and the use of mechanization had a negative and weak

The increasing resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics has complicated the treatment of infections due to its various virulence factors. One of its major pathogenic traits is the ability to form thick biofilms, which allow the bacteria to adhere to living or nonliving surfaces and enhance drug resistance. Consequently, exploring safe and effective therapeutic alternatives from plant sources has become essential for combating this multidrug-resistant pathogen. In this study, essential oil of Ocimum basilicum (BEO) was extracted via distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The BEO was then loaded onto chitosan nanoparticles (BEOCSNPs) prepared using the ionic gelation method with tripolyphosphate (TPP). The

The current study was aimed at case recording and molecular detection of infectious coryza in chickens. Samples were collected and identified for Avibacterium paragallinarum from about 68 poultry farms for eight months from different five provinces Baghdad, Diyala, Babil, Salahuddin, and Wasit from different flock layers and broilers. Diagnosis of bacterial colonies was first done by isolation and microbiological and biochemical tests. From 15 nasal samples of respiratory sinus cases of chicken,6 isolates were A. paragallinarum, additionally, PCR technique was used to confirm A. paragallinarum, the results for these bacteria in this study were detected

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of commercial Sulfuric acid, phosphorous, iron, and zinc application on Phosphorus, Iron, Zinc Availability in Calcareous Soil and Yield of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), in an agricultural field at College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad / Iraq during the autumn season of 2021, in silty loam soil using Split Plot Design in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Sulfuric acid H₂SO₄ added with irrigation water at 0 and 2 ml L^-1. Phosphorus was added to the soil at (0, 50, 75 and 100%) from the recommended level (65 kg P ha^-1) as TSP (2

This research was aimed to identify the reality of extension managers’ practice of participatory leadership in the agricultural extension system from view of agricultural extension workers in Iraq, through a questionnaire include 22 items distribute over three. The research community include all 15 province of Iraq, A random sample is taken from the province of Iraq (53%) and (8) province, namely (Dhi Qar, Maysan, Holy Karbala, Al-Qadisiyah, Babylon, Anbar, Diyala, Kirkuk) and a proportional, stratified random sample of (51%) is taken from agricultural extension workers distribute among the agricultural directorates and training extension centers, the number is (307, 133) and (157, 68) respectively, The results of revealed that the rea

This study was aimed to investigate the role of codon usage on infectivity and virulence of fowl adenovirus. The PCR amplicon sequence revealed that loop1 has a hypervariable region and is adjacent to loop2 on Hexon A segment, while Hexon B segment has a less variable region. The fiber gene is similar among isolates, with differences associated with the virus. Most belong to fowl adenovirus-4, with others in type 8b and E. The study revealed increased effective nucleotide codons in isolates 5, 33, 44, and 15 in Fiber gene, Loop2, and Loop1genes. The study analyzed the impact of mutation on codon usage, hypervariable regions 1-4, and the effective number of codons by determining high and low effec

This investigation was aimed to study pollen grains of subgenera Prunus and Cerasus. The polleniferous materials were collected from different places of Kurdistan region of Iraq living specimens. Pollen grains of all investigated taxa of subgenera Prunus and Cerasus were isopolar, monad, symmetric, tricolporate, dicolporate and tetracolporate pollens also observed, but very rarely. The pollen grains shape of taxa of subgenera Prunus and Cecasus divided in two groups subprolate and

This stady was aimed to investigate effect of treatment with 0, 0.25 and 0.50 mM of Glutathione (GSH) and 0, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L^-1 of Gibberellic acid (GA₃) in enhancing the growth of calli cultures was tested under normal and critical concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl). The experiments were conducted during October, 2022 to June 2023 at the plant tissue culture laboratory in Center of Desert Studies, University of Anbar. The experiments designed according to the complete randomized design (CRD). The critical limit of NaCl in calli cultures was determined after 35 days of cultivation in MS medium. The res

This experiment aimed to study the effect of integrating a passive cooling system with varying air passage outlet clearances: 0 cm (C0, control), 10 cm (C1), 15 cm (C2), and 20 cm (C3) on the performance of polycrystalline and monocrystalline PV panels used in solar-powered irrigation systems. Performance metrics included PV efficiency, maximum power, required number of panels, and operational costs. Results showed a highly significant effect (P < 0.0001) of air passage clearance and PV type on all measured parameters. Specifically, the 10 cm clearance (C1) yielded the best outcomes, achieving the highest PV efficiency (16.26%), maximum power (41.12 W), lowest panel number (7), and lowest operational cost ($8.75). Among panel

A field experiment was conducted at the Al-Raed Research Station, located 25 km west of Baghdad, to investigate the effects of machine speed and plowing depth on various performance indicators of a mechanized unit. A combined implement was utilized to simultaneously perform multiple agricultural operations. The experiment employed two main factors: forward speed of the mechanized unit, with three levels (1.004, 2.03, and 3.048 km h-1), and plowing depth, with three levels (5, 8, and 10 cm). The performance indicators studied included slip percentage, operating costs (IQD ha^-1), the number of soil clods larger than 22 mm in diameter, and Emergence percentage. Through the results obtained in the experime

تعد الألوان من أهم العناصر الجمالية والدلالية في أدب الأطفال. ولا تقتصر وظيفتها على الجوانب الزخرفية، بل تتعدى ذلك بكثير، حيث أن لها تأثيرًا نفسيًا وتربويًا عميقًا على وعي الطفل وفهمه الرمزي. لا تستعمل الألوان بشكل عشوائي في سياق أدب الأطفال، بل تستعمل بشكل مقصود لفتح مستويات من المعنى وتعزيز الرسائل التي تتضمنها القصة؛ لذلك هي تلعب دورًا مركزيًا في التصميم السردي والبصري للنصوص الأدبية للأطفال، حيث أنها

في انتقاله من تقليد الوضوح التعبيري في الشعر الكلاسيكي، استعمل الشعر العربي الحديث بشكل متزايد الغموض الفني بوصفه استراتيجية جمالية وأداة تعبيرية.

 أن هذا الاتجاه الذي تجاوز مجرد التعقيد اللغوي، كان استجابة لضرورة التعبير عن التجارب الإنسانية المعاصرة المعقدة، ورؤية عالمية جديدة لم يكن من الممكن تمثيلها ضمن الأطر الصريحة، وأحادية المعنى للشعر التقليدي. يعد الغموض الفني بوابة نحو تعدد المعنى، وعدم ال

 هذه الدراسة تظهر التدهور الإدراكي وتأثيره على التصنيف الاجتماعي في رواية ليزا جينوفا ( ما زالت أليس) حيث  تستعمل جينوفا خبرتها في علم الأعصاب ومهاراتها في  السرد لتصوير رحلة أليس هاولاند أستاذة اللغويات الشهيرة التي تم تشخيصها بمرض الزهايمر المبكر، ومن خلال تحليل الرواية باستعمال نظرية التصنيف الاجتماعي لجون تيرنر يستكشف البحث كيف يؤثر تدهور ذاكرة أليس على مفهومها الذاتي وأدوارها الاجتماعية، كما يعرض ت

عُدت الترجمة عبر التاريخ علما منهجيا وفنا تعبيريا في آنٍ واحد، وما تزال تحتفظ بهذا الطابع ذي الأوجه المتعددة حتى يومنا هذا، وعلى الرغم من أن الجدل حول ما إذا كانت الترجمة تُعد علمًا أم فنًا لم يحسم بعد بشكل قطعي، إلا أن هناك اتفاقًا واسعًا على أن نشاط الترجمة يجمع بين الجوانب المنهجية القائمة على القواعد والجوانب الإبداعية التي تتطلب التفسير والابتكار، وتلعب مهارات المترجمين الفردية، ومدى إتقانهم اللغوي،

تعد دراسة السمات اللغوية للأعمال الفولكلورية للثقافات المختلفة حاليًا واحدة من القضايا الأكثر إلحاحاً في دراسات الفولكلور اللغوي، ويُمكن تحديد التفضيلات الثقافية لمجموعة عرقية ما من خلال تحليل العلاقات النموذجية، والروابط النحوية للمفردات ذات المحتوى الرمزي للعقلية العرقية، وتُعدّ مفردة  "قلب" إحدى هذه الكلمات المفتاحية. وضع مؤلفو المقال هدفًا لتحديد سمات استعمال اسم القلب في التراث الشعبي لشعبين، من

ترتبط أهمية دراسة أسماء الألوان بالمؤشرات الثقافية التي تميز الشخص في الجوانب المعرفية والجسدية والنفسية والأخلاقية، حيث أن هذه الوحدات اللغوية غالباً ما تكون محرومة من معناها الأصلي وتتوافق مع المعاني والمفاهيم المجازية (الرمزية) في اللغة والثقافة. ينظر العرب والروس إلى الألوان الأبيض والأسود بشكل مختلف في معتقداتهم وثقافاتهم. وتنعكس هذه الاختلافات في لغات الشعبين وتظهر بوضوح في التعبيرات المجازية (الع

الأدب الديواني، الذي يعالج عادةً موضوعات عميقة وعالمية مثل الحب، والطبيعة، والتصوف، يتطرق أحياناً إلى تفاصيل الحياة اليومية أيضا فقد تناول شعراء الأدب الديواني الأدوات المستعملة في الحياة اليومية بوصفها رمزا تارة، ومن منظور واقعي وتارةً أخرى فكان لهذه الأدوات تأثيراً واضحاً على الموضوعات والزخارف المستعملة في الأدب الديواني، كما قدّمت أدلة لفهم أسلوب الحياة في ذلك العصر، وبهذا تمكن القارئ من استيعاب ال

There is no doubt that teachers are the leaders of positive changing in community where they directed the students and build their brains. In our current generation that characterized by accelerated technological development that communication changes, economic and politics, needs from the teacher an active leadership skills that match with the soul of our generation and contribute in confrontation the current challenges and the future challenges in the form that lead to create a conscious generation where they will be a basic brick for the future community where the listeners looking forward the education where they support the continuity communication of develop process, economy, scientifically and in all life fields. In our study we take

A sentence is a key part of Spanish grammar and serves as the fundamental unit in constructing discourse. However, foreign language learners, particularly Arabic speakers, may face complex aspects that hinder their understanding and correct use of sentences. Additionally, there are at least two linguistic approaches that describe the use of compound sentences: one considers the sentence as the basic unit for discourse analysis, while other studies, starting with Van Dijk (2003), emphasize the importance of understanding both the partial and holistic structure of discourse. Therefore, we consider the significance of reviewing the linguistic differences between the native language and Spanish as a potential cause of misunderstanding a

 This study was carried out to separate the DNA genetic material, determining the genotypes of the Foxo3 gene, and studying the effect of the genetic conformation of the mutation (C258T) rs 160226273, and to study the effect of genetic polymorphism of this mutation with the productive performance of Awassi sheep. A total of forty-five Awassi ewes of 2-4 years old were used currently as a source for blood sampling. These ewes produced 54 births, and their ages and weights were followed up from birth until the sixth month of age for the period from5/1 2022 to 25/6 2022.at the AL-Fayha Station for sheep Breeding. The mutation found within the studied segment (365 bp) of exon 2 of the Foxo3 gene, produced three genotypes (CC, CT