Theoretical and experimental study has been conducted on developing laminar mixed convection heat transfer air flow through an annulus for both aiding and opposing flow with uniformly heated inner cylinder and adiabatic outer cylinder for the theoretical part and with uniformly heated inner cylinder while the outer cylinder is subjected to the ambient for the experimental part. In the theoretical investigation the energy equation was first solved using (ADI) method, and then the momentum equations and continuity equation were combined as the pressure correction formula and solved by the SIMPLE algorithm. The present theoretical work covers Ra range from 4.55*10 to 5.649 10° and Re range from 300 to 1000 with radius ratio of 0.555 and Pr

In this research, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) technique was applied in an attempt to predict the water levels and some of the water quality parameters at Tigris River in Wasit Government for five different sites. These predictions are useful in the planning, management, evaluation of the water resources in the area. Spatial data along a river system or area at different locations in a catchment area usually have missing measurements, hence an accurate prediction. model to fill these missing values is essential.
The selected sites for water quality data prediction were Sewera, Numania , Kut u/s, Kut d/s, Garaf observation sites. In these five sites models were built for prediction of the water level and water quality parameters.

Thermal pollution occurs when heated wastewater is discharged into rivers, lakes, oceans, or other water bodies. This will raise the temperature of the water body above its normal level and, consequently, will harm the aquatic live.
Thermal Pollution problems will intensify as electricity usage increases unless substantial changes are made in the mode of discharge of the heated water. This paper is aimed to study the effects of heated water released from South-Baghdad Power Station on the water quality of Tigris River. Many parameters are test such as: Temperature (T), Total suspended solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Hydrogen Ion (pH) and the dissolved oxygen (DO). Other parameters are tested t

     In the present work, a kinetic study was performed to the extraction of phosphate from Iraqi Akashat phosphate ore using organic acid. Leaching was studied using lactic acid for the separation of calcareous materials (mainly calcite). Reaction conditions were 2% by weight acid concentration and 5ml/gm of acid volume to ore weight ratio. Reaction time was taken in the range 2 to 30 minutes (step 2 minutes) to determine the reaction rate constant k based on the change in calcite concentration. To determine value of activation energy when reaction temperature is varied from 25 to 65 , another investigation was accomplished. Through the kinetic data, it was found that selective leaching was controlled by

The role of philosophy and philosophers would be pioneer in the Arabic Islamic civilization because it contained abilities data and establishments hidden in the core of philosophers and if not prominence the brain of them in the last era, the humanity would be too late but the philosophy tried to appreciate the freedom value and enhance people on thinking in addition to courage thinking freedom against state authority that lead to say that civilization did not depend on group of heritage, sciences and literature but deal with the creation of thinking ,freedom of discussing and it would be

A three-dimensional coupled finite element analysis algorithm is developed to predict the behaviour of single piles in clay. Three dimensional 20-noded brick elements are used in the analyses carried out on three documented field studies. Each node carries four degrees of freedom, three being for displacements in the three perpendicular space dimensions while the fourth is allocated for pore water pressure. The behaviour of the material of the pile is idealized through a linear elastic constitutive relationship while that for the soil by the Modified Cam-Clay model both extended to cover three-dimensional characteristics. The load-displacement results from the developed algorithm on the three selected problems from literature show a very

This research aims to explain the effect of the imported inflation (which moves through the raise of global prices to Iraqi economy) over local prices, besides, the recognition the most important channels of imported inflation moving, its causes, effects, ways and policies that reduce the negative effects. To achieve the research aim, the deductive approach was adopted through using descriptive method to describe and determine phenomenon. The most important conclusion is that the research found out that there are two channels to transmission imported inflation in world. The first channel is the direct channel (prices) and the second channel is the indirect (income). The most important recommendation is to create sovereign fund (O

The aim of the present work is to study the effect of different outlet nozzle diameters, by using one or two nozzles on the performance of divergent vortex tube and also to determine the effects of various parameters on the vortex tube cooling performance such as: refrigeration capacity, coefficient of performance, isentropic efficiency. The experimental investigation was carried out on a divergent vortex tube rig manufactured for the present study covering all tests. The effect of different outlet nozzle diameters ( dn= 4 mm, dn = 5 mm, and dn= 6.5 mm) on the performance of the vortex tube is described by using one nozzle or two nozzles by varying the pressure of the inlet air and cold air mass ratio (μc) within the ranges (Pi abs=2 -

The area around the Suez Canal has been chosen particularly  Sinai  to implement the new Suez Canal project parallel to the original 72-km-long channel due to the importance of the commercial site of the Arab Republic of Egypt, competing with shipping lanes, to accommodate the increasing maritime traffic  passing through the Suez canal, and to provide special services for trade world and reduce the economic cost of marine trip. The establishment of six tunnels for automobile and railway transport to Sinai The cost of the establishment of this new channel  and the establishment of the tunnels about (2.8) billion, of which 4 billion cost of the new channel. Project implementation period is one year. The new proj

Background: syndrome X or metabolic syndrome is a collection of multiple diseases mainly visceral obesity , hypertriglyceridemia , decrease HDL level, hypertension and elevated fasting blood glucose that lead to accelerated atherosclerosis through multiple mechanisms, one of the most important is increase inflammation of the vessels manifested by elevated high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP).Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of elevatedhs CRP in people with metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis complication (IHD, Cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease) and metabolic syndrome without these complication.Patients and methods:;This is a cross sectional study carried out in Diabetic referral c

In the analysis of multiple linear regression, the problem of multicollinearity and auto-correlation drew the attention of many researchers, and given the appearance of these two problems together and their bad effect on the estimation, some of the researchers found new methods to address these two problems together at the same time. In this research a comparison for the performance of the Principal Components Two Parameter estimator (PCTP) and The (r-k) class estimator and the r-(k,d) class estimator by conducting a simulation study and through the results and under the mean square error (MSE) criterion to find the best way to address the two problems together. The results showed that the r-(k,d) class estimator is the best esti

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is the middle ear inflammation caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria. Haemophilus influenzae is a common bacterium that causes this inflammatory condition. This study aimed to determine the role of cholecalciferol (D3) in the expression of colonization genes in H. influenzae isolated from children with otitis media, which is associated with temporomandibular joint pain.

Subjects and Methods: A total of 160 ear swabs and blood samples were collected from children with recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) for culture and sensitivity tests. The number of patients with pain in the TMJ was recorded, whether by pressure on the joint are

Twenty isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were examined, fourteen from them showed staphylococcin

   This study was conducted to identify the genetic diversity indicators of the secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) gene in flock of local ewe's sheep in middle of Iraq. The sample was made up of 48 ewes and the duration of the study was six months. Genetic polymorphisms were identified and four SNPs (4) variants were obtained. The average allelic abundance (Na) was 2.00, the average number of alleles affected (Ne) was 1.0539, Shannon Guide (I) 0.1163. The average allelic abundance was equal in all the variations studied (2.00) and the number of alleles affected was higher in SNP2 and SNP3, both at (1.0425) compared to SNP1 (1.0211) and SNP4 (1.1096). Obs-Hom and (0.9479) are very close to Exp- Hom and (0.9492). The individua

This study was aimed to investigate German chamomile extract's active ingredients and their antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) which was previously isolated from root canals. Chamomile hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by maceration process. Phytochemical tests and thin layer chromatography (TLC) used to detect active ingredients in the extract. Agar well diffusion method was used to compare antimicrobial effect of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 4 extract's concentrations (100mg/mL-400mg/mL) against E. faecalis. Chamomile's anti-biofilm effect against E. faecalis biofilm was tested by microtiter plate assay with ELISA reader. Phytochemistry showed that, t

This study was carried out to investigate the phytoremediation potential of six different plant species (Melia azedaracch ,Punica granatum,Cupressus arizonica, Platanus orientalis and Platanus orientalis) in the city of Erbil mitigating heavy metal emissions of an oil refinery. The research assesses photosynthetic pigments, heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, As, Pb, Co, Hg and Se) from an oil, and biochemical attributes in leaves, highlighting their responsiveness to contamination. Variations in metal levels between control and polluted sites underscore the refinery's impact, while reduced photosynthetic pigments indicate potential ramifications for plant vigor. The intricate interplay between pollution lev

This study was aimed to estimate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by Myrtus communis L. on the expression of the adhesion genes fimH and fimA in isolates of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The biosynthesized-ZnO NPs was characterized through several techniques including UV–vis spectral analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). For determination of MIC and sub-MIC of ZnO NPs, only 7 multi-drug resistant (MDR) and strong-biofilm producer E. coli isolates (harbored both fimH and fimA) were selected based on our previous work. Microtiter plate method was utilized

This paper reports an experimental study regarding the influence of vertical oscillations on the natural convection heat transfer from a vertical channel. An experimental set-up was constructed and calibrated; the vertical channel was tested in atmosphere at 25o
C. The channel-to-ambient temperature difference was varied with the power supply to the electrical heater ranging between
15W to 70W divided into five levels. Data sets were measured under different operating condition from a test rig under six vibrating velocities (VVs) levels ranging from (5-30 m/s) in addition to the stationary state. The results show that the maximum heat transfer enhancement factor (E) occurs at Rayleigh number (Ra=2.328×103 ) and vibrational Reynol

The current research aims to identify the problems and needs for both college of political science and college of engineering’s students. The sample was (100) male and female student. The results showed bunch of problems which could be organized descendingly, the scientific domain ranged between (2 - 2.42), the mean of the psychological domain was (2.85), the moral domain ranged between (2.2 – 2.28)m the problems of study earned (2.30), the material domain got (1.95), the medical and social domain obtained (1.925), and finally, the family domain received (1.887).

This study is an approach to assign the land area of  Kirkuk city [ a city located in the northern of Iraq, 236 kilometers north of  Baghdad  and 83 kilometers  south of  Erbil [ Climatic atlas of  Iraq, 1941-1970  ]  into different  multi zones by using Satellite image and Arc Map10.3,  zones of different traffic noise pollutions. Land zonings process like what achieved in this paper will help and of it’s of a high interest point for the future of Kirkuk city especially urban

Receipt date:2/17/2021 acceptance date:3/16/2021 Publishing date:12/31/2021

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Objective: This paper investigates the contradictions in the decision-making process of the United States, which historically proven to be successful policies in the short term, but in the long term proven to be wanting and failure. Methodology: The paper uses descriptive, historical, comparative method. A

اشتملت مقدمة واهمية البحث على التعلم الحركي وكيفية تطور طرائقه واساليبه ودور الوسائل التعليمية الحديثة في تطور التعلم وطرقه فضلا عن دور الحواس وخاصة حاسة البصر في التعلم وسرعة الادراك والتصور وان رياضة المبارزة من الألعاب التنافسية الشيقة والتي تعتمد بشكل كبير على حاسة البصر لأنها تحتاج الى سرعة الأداء وسرعة الاستجابة والتركيز على الخصم وتحركاته وتكمن أهمية البحث في استخدام تمرينات حديثة ومتنوعة ومشوقة

تكمن أهمية البحث بتصميم أدوات مبتكرة فضلا عن أعداد تمرينات باستخدام الأدوات ومعرفة مدى تأثيرها على تعلم مهارتي الضربة الامامية المدفوعة والضربة الخلفية المرفوعة من الأسفل في لعبة الريشة الطائرة، فضلا عن تسريع عملية التعلم من خلال الاستفادة من الأدوات وبناء المسارات الحركية الصحيحة للمهارة والابتعاد عن التعلم التقليدي بواسطة الزميل. اما مشكلة البحث تكمن في المبتدئين يواجهون صعوبات في تعلم المهارات الأسا

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Common carp was fed at a rate of 9 ± 0.4 g/fish for a period of 56 days on four experimental diets with three replications per diet, including the addition of garlic powder to a diet containing 0 % (control diet,T1), while T2,T3 and T4 at 1.00, 1.50 and 1.75 %, respectively. Fish fed on experimental garlic-containing diet show a significantly changes (P≤ 0.05) in Packed Cell Volume and Hemoglobin as compared with the control diet. There were no significant differences in MCHC and neutrophil counted, while the albumin value of fish fed on the 2^nd diet increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) among all treatments. The values of ALT (except for diet 2) and AST decreased significantly (P≤ 0.05) compared with control diet.<

This research was aimed to investigate 16 species belonging to the genus Euphorbia in order to enrich the Iraqi flora with diagnostic characteristics of this genus depending of the surface covering of leaves, stems and floral parts. The studied species were collected from Baghdad, Najaf, Karbala, Wasit, Diyala, Irbil, Kirkuk and Basrah in the growing seasons 2019/2020. These species are: Euphorbia. shehbaziana, E. denticulate Lam, E. craspedia Boiss., E., kete, E. pulcherrima, E. cyathophora Murray. E. granulata Forssk., E. helioscopia L., E. hirta L., E. hypericifolia L., E. mi

There is no access to basic sanitation for half the world's population, leading to Socioeconomic issues, such as scarcity of drinking water and the spread of diseases. In this way, it is of vital importance to develop water management technologies relevant to the target population. In addition, in the separation form of water treatment, the compound often used as a coagulant in water treatment is aluminum sulfate, which provides good results for raw water turbidity and color removal. Studies show, however, that its deposition in the human body, even Alzheimer's disease, can cause serious harm to health and disease development. The study aims to improve the coagulation/flocculation stage related to the amount of flakes, i

In this study, method for experimentally determining the electron density (ne) and the electron temperature (Te) in the atmospheric Argon plasma jet is used; it is based on optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Boltzmann plot method used to calculate these parameters measured for different values of gas flow rate. The results show that the electron temperature decreasing with the increase of gas flow rate also indicates an increasing in the electron density of plasma jet with increasing of gas flow rate.

       تكمُن أهمية البحث في توصيف الحرب في إطار القانون الدولي والفقه الإسلامي ، ومدى مشروعيتها ، ومُحاولة إبراز القيمة الحقوقية لقواعد السلوك الإنساني في الحرب التي أسَّست لها الشريعة الإسلامية ، وكيفَ تعاملت مع بعض الفئات من المُقاتلين (الأسرى مثالاً) ، ومُقارنتها بالاتفاقيات والمُعاهدات الدولية المُنظّمة لهذا السلوك على صعيد القانون الدولي الإنساني.

    اما مُشكل