إن فكرة  انشاء السدود للسيطرة على مياه فيضان نهر النيل وامكانية الاستفادة  منها ظلت تراود العديد من الحكومات المصرية على مر العصور، اذ حاول محمد على باشا، إقامة بعض السدود والقناطر للتحكم في جزء من مياه الفيضان للاستفادة منها في مشروعات الري استمرت حتى مطلع القرن العشرين اذ تم إنشاء خزان أسوان عام 1902، لكن على  الرغم  من تلك الجهود ظلت نسبة كبيرة من مياه الفيضان تفقد في البحر الابيض المتوسط دون الاس

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة وتحليل منشورات مجلة النفط والتنمية المتعلقة بتنظيم شؤون نقل النفط العراقي خلال المدة (1975–1990) ، بما يشمل إنشاء الأسطول الوطني ومشاريع الأنابيب الاستراتيجية ، ويبين أثر العوامل السياسية والاقتصادية في هذا القطاع ، كما يوضح أثر الحرب الخليج الأولى على البنية التحتية النفطية ، ومدى فاعلية الاستراتيجيات التي اعتمدها العراق لمواجهة التحديات وضمان استمرار صادراته النفطية.

     مثلت الرحلات الإسبانية إلى العالم الجديد في أواخر القرن الخامس عشر وبدايات القرن السادس عشر منعطفا حاسما في تاريخ أمريكا الوسطى، إذ كان لاكتشاف السواحل الهندوراسية دور بارز في ترسيخ النفوذ الإسباني داخل المنطقة، وجاءت هذه الرحلات في سياق التنافس الأوروبي المحموم لاكتشاف أراض جديدة واستغلال مواردها، إلى جانب سعي التاج الإسباني إلى توسيع نطاق إمبراطوريته خارج القارة الأوروبية، وأسهمت الحملا

The experiment was carried out in southwest Baghdad during fall season 2021 and spring season 2022 that aimed to study the effect of biological inoculation, phosphate fertilization and spraying with Brasinolide on the growth and production of industrial potato of the Arsenal cultivar , the experiment carried out as a three-factors experiment (4 × 3 × 3) in (RCBD), bio-fertilizers distributed into main plot and interaction between phosphorus levels and Brassinolide growth regulator within sub plot using three replicates Bio-fertilizers included Aspergillus niger fungus alone and Bacillus Megaterium bacteria alone and the combination between them. Phosphorus treatments included three levels (0.100, 200) kg p₂

This study was aimed to investigate variations in some soil properties characteristics of green spaces soils within Baghdad Island Park and Al-Zawraa parks in Baghdad province, Iraq, due to the variation in used management methods. Soil samples were obtained from 22 locations in each park at 0-30 cm depth using a GARMEN GPS device (Oregon650t). Satellite images (Landsat 8 satellite and an OLI sensor) were captured with a 30 x 30 m² spatial resolution. The research aims to study the effect of the management method of the two parks (BID and Al-Zawra) on some soil pedological characteristics. The results showed a variation in the spatial distribution of the soil texture classes at each park due to particle size distribution varia

This study was aimed to investigate Genetically Modified (GM) Soybean and corn, in some foodstuffs, using molecular screening method based on Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR). To achieve that, a total of 60 food product samples containing corn and soy bean were collected from markets of Suleimania /Iraq. PCR was first applied to detect the presence of soybeans and corn using species specific primers. For the general screening of the GM foods, primers targeting the genetic elements that located in the majority of transgenic crops were used, which named NOS terminator and CaMV 35S promoter.   Then primers targets specific events in these crops were used, which are GTS 40-3-2, or (RRS) and B t11 in soybeans and corn respectively. T

Graphene-carbon nitride can be synthesized from thiourea in a single step at a temperature of four hours at a rate of 2.3 ℃/min. Graphene-carbon nitride was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy, and spectrophotometry (UV-VIS). Graphene-carbon nitride was found to consist of triazine and heptazine structures, carbon, and nitrogen. The weight percentage of carbon and the atomic percentage of carbon are 40.08%, and the weight percentage of nitrogen and the atomic percentage of nitrogen are 40.08%. Therefore, the ratio and the dimensions of the graphene-carbon nitride were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and it was found that the

A study carried out for study effect of furfural that extracted from corn cobs by using specialized reaction system laboratory on phytopathogenic fungi: Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium solani in addition to biocontrol fungus Trichoderma viride were isolated from infected plants and from their rhizosphere . The preparation results of different concentrations from stock solution in concentration 1% of furflural showed that The concentration was 100 ppm of furfural was inhibited the growth of P. aphanidermatum46.7 % and the was in concentration 400 ppm. while the concentration 500 ppm caused inhibition 50% and 41.1% of R. solani and F. solani respectively. Whereas the concentration 500 pp

Worldwide, Prosopis Genus is widely spread and well known to be of high tolerance to harsh conditions. The P. juliflora and P. cineraria species were introduced to the Mediterranean, while P. farcta is a native one. The genomic structure of the chloroplast of P. juliflora, P. cineraria and P. farcta were targeted in this study. The chloroplast DNA samples were sequenced by genetic analyzer sequencer “Ion S5™ System. The results indicated the size of the genome to be ranged between 162900 bp in P. farcta and 163667 bp in P. cineraria. The full chloroplast of P. juliflora and P. cineraria genome were reported for the first time nationally

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of bio stimulators )chitosan and Appetizer( in reducing the heat stress on maize during spring season. Field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, Coll. of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadiriya, Iraq, during the seasons of 2020 and 2021. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Blocks Design within split plot arrangement, with three replicates. Where the main plots included two cultivars of maize )Baghdad3 and cultivar 5018(, while the sub plots included five levels of chitosan and Appetizer:(soaking seeds with Chitosan at a concentration of 100 and 500 mg L^-1, and spraying with Chitosan 100 mg L^-1, and spra

Field experiments were conducted at two locations, Grdarasha Research Field Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University – Erbil and Aquban special farm using randomized complete block design (RCBD) during two seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 to study the effect of different plant densities and compost fertilizer of solid waste management and sorting of Akre district-Duhok province and NPK  (20:20:20) fertilizer on growth and edible portion characteristics of Gundelia rosea. The results indicated that the plants of the two years age in the both locations produce the highest value of length, dimeter, fresh and dry weight of edible portion with space i

ينقضي الالتزام على وفق أحكام القانون المدني العراقي بالوفاء، الوفاء بمقابل التجديد الإنابة في الوفاء، المقاصة، اتحاد الذمة، الإبراء، استحالة التنفيذ والتقادم. غير أن موضوع دراستنا سينصب على أحد هذهِ الأسباب وهو الإبراء، غير أننا لن نتناول أحكام الإبراء بشكل عام، إذ اخترنا طبيعة الإبراء هدفاً لهذهِ الدراسة لما أثارت من جدل فقهي بين المذاهب الإسلامي إذ تقضي هذهِ الدراسة على بحث طبيعة الإبراء من خلال المقار

he aim of the research is to clarify the meanings and connotations of (Semitic), and to identify the peoples that fell under this name according to historical data, biblical texts and Qur’anic news. International sympathy on the one hand and on the other hand controlling the land of Palestine and giving them international legitimacy to grow their entity according to global support and sympathy with their alleged slogan (anti-Semitism), which revolves around the oppression of the Jews.

على اعتبار أن الهجرة هي الانتقال للعيش من مكان إلى آخر، مع وجود قصد في المكان الذي تم قصده لمدة طويلة. ونظرا لتكرار انتقال الأفراد من مكان إلى آخر لمقاصد وأغراض مختلفة، فإننا نجد الهجرة الخارجية تصنف إلى هجرة مقننة وهجرة غير نظامية. وترجع أسباب تنامي الهجرة غير النظامية إلى الدوافع الاقتصادية، والاجتماعية، والنفسية، بالتالي نجد لها أثاراً متعددة سواء على الدولة المُستضيفة للمهاجرين من الناحية الاقتصادية و

يهدف هذا المستلخص ابراز الجوانب المهمة والجوهرية في دراستنا لمدينة كرخ جدان , من خلال تناول الموقع الجغرافي و أصل التسمية فضلا عن ادوارها العسكرية واحوالها السياسية ومدى تأثير ذلك على المناطق المجاورة والاحوال العامة للعراق خلال العصر العباسي , وتشير الدراسة الى ان دور هذه المدينة قد برز خلال حكم العباسيين في بغداد , وتزايد ذكرها في المصادر والمدونات التاريخية خلال العباسيين في بغداد , وفضلا عن ذلك نشير الى

  في الفترة 1896و1933،مرت النقود في العراق بتحولات كبيرة خلال الحكم العثماني،كانت الليرة العثمانية العملة الرسمية،الى جانب استخدام بعض العملات الأجنبية.بعد الاحتلال البريطاني عام 1917،ثم ادخال الروبية الهندية كعملة متداولة في عام 1920،أنشى الانتداب البريطاني على العراق،مما زاد من الاعتماد على النظام النقدي البريطاني.وفي عام 1931،أنشى مجلس العملة العراقي تمهيداً الإصدار عملة وطنية واخيراً في عام 1932أصدرت أول ع

Objectives: This Paper is an attempt to evaluate the services provided by the private hospitals
and to identify the strength and weakness in
their performance The results can be utilized in stating conclusion and recommendations to improve
and activate the role of private medical sector in society .
Methodology: A questionnaire has be designed for this purpose and distributed to ( 132 ) beneficiaries
mostly from Baghdad private hospitals .
Results: The paper has come out with many important results . Among These are the following :
* these who benefit from services provided by private hospitals believe that the good performance of
such hospital is not due to the medical services alone but also to scientific aspect

In this study, gold nanoparticle samples were prepared by the chemical reduction method (seed-growth) with 4 ratios (10, 12, 15 and 18) ml of seed, and the growth was stationary at 40 ml. The optical and structural properties of these samples were studied. The 18 ml seed sample showed the highest absorbance. The X- ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of these samples showed clear peaks at (38.25^o, 44.5^o, 64.4^o, and 77.95^o). The UV-visible showed that the absorbance of all the samples was in the same range as the standard AuNPs. The field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) showed the shape of AuNPs as nanorods and the particle size between 30-50 nm. Rhodamine-610 (RhB) was prepared at 10<

The present study aims at identifying the effect of Renzulli model on achievement and holistic thinking among the fifth grade students in the Holy Quran and Islamic Education. The experimental method with partial control was used, and the sample was chosen randomly. The sample consisted of (62) students distributed into experimental and control groups. 164 behavioral goals were formulated based on Bloom's first three levels taxonomy (knowledge and comprehension, application, analysis and installation, and evaluation). The researchers designed a post-test to measure the achievement of students in the subject of Holy Quran and Islamic Education which consisted of (40) objective items and a measure of holistic thinking which consisted of (3

Abstract

This study aims to identify the social and psychological abuse towards elderly people by others, to identify the difference of social and psychological abuse towards elderly by others according to the variable of gender (male and female). Additionally, to identify the difference of social and psychological abuse towards elderly by determining the one who is responsible of abusing (son, daughter, spouse, etc.). To achieve this aim, the researcher designed a scale to identify the social and psychological abuse towards elderly by others. The results showed that this sample exposed to psychological abuse by different sides due to lacking of powers. Besides, the result showed that there are no signifi

تُعدّ النساء الريفيات جزءًا مهمًا من القوى العاملة الزراعية في جميع أنحاء العالم، اذ تلعب دورًا حيويًا في ضمان الأمن الغذائي والتغذية. ومع ذلك، غالبًا ما تواجه النساء الريفيات تحديات كبيرة في الوصول إلى الموارد والخدمات والفرص، مما يعيق قدرتهن على تحقيق إمكاناتهن الكاملة. تلعب منصات الابتكار الزراعي دورًا مهمًا في ربط المزارعين بالمعلومات والتكنولوجيا والخدمات، ويمكن أن تكون أداة قوية لتمكين النساء الري

 يهدف البحث الحالي إلى تعرف أثر استراتيجية الأيدي والعقول في تحصيل مادة الإملاء لدى طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط ولتحقيق هذا الهدف اعتمدت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي وتكونت عينة البحث من (70) بواقع (35) طالبة من المجموعة التجريبية و(35) طالبة من المجموعة الضابطة التي درست باستعمال الطريقة التقليدية.

أجرت الباحثة تكافؤاً إحصائياً بين طالبات مجموعتي البحث في المتغيرات الآتية:

(العمر الزمني للطالبا

The stomach, small and large intestine of 140 donkeys were examined for Gastrophilus larvae. The rate of infection

Diode lasers are becoming popular in periodontal surgery due to their highly absorption by pigments such as melanin and hemoglobin their weak absorption by water and hydroxyapatite makes them safe to be used around dental hard tissues. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of diode laser in performing gingivectomy in comparison to conventional scalpel technique in patients with chronic inflammatory enlargement. Materials and methods: Thirty patients were selected for this study. All of them required surgical treatment of gingival enlargements and were randomly divided into two groups: Control group (treated by scalpel and include sixteen patients) and study group (treated with diode laser 940nm and includ

Background: The skin functions as a barrier to the external environment, damage to this barrier following a burn disrupts the innate immune system and increases susceptibility to bacterial infection. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the bacterial isolates and study their antimicrobial susceptibility in burned wound infections at one burn's hospital in Baghdad.Type of study:Cross-sectional study.Methods: The bacteria were identified at species level by using Analytic Profile Index (API) system and The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to Kirby-Bauer (disk diffusion) technique.Results: Over a period of one year (from October 2014 to October 2015). Out of 848 patients with different degrees of burns

      Teaching techniques are the vehicles, which are used by teachers to help pupils learn and gain experiences and create positive classroom activities, as much as these techniques are varied, they lead to successful and fruitful learning in the foreign language. They help teachers achieve their objectives (Asowrth, 1985: 124).

    The English language teacher's work is an active and purposeful one when he can plan carefully and frequently make the necessary changes in the contents and methods of teaching programme to fit the interest and needs of pupils. It seems that the majority of primary English teachers' interests does not go far in planning their work, and do not understand which o

الخلفية: استبدال الفقرات صناعيا اصبحت من المعالجات الشائعة لعلاج الامراض المختلفة للعمود الفقري من حالات الكسور والاورام والالتهابات الخمجية 

الهدف : تقييم المخرجات الوظيفية لهذه المعالجة في اصابات العمود الفقري المتعددة

الطريقة: تم اجراء عملية استبدال الفقرات ل ٢٧ مريضا للفترة من اكتوبر ٢٠١٠ ولغاية ديسمبر ٢٠١٥ كانت منها تسع ح