The objective of this study was to increase nutrient efficiency and decrease the detrimental effects on the environment. Using automation, sensing technologies and data analysis to control the optimum distribution of fertilizers and water based on real-time crop requirements. So, sensors to determine soil nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), as well as specific parameters like pH, moisture content and temperature were developed to create a smart system. Upon detection of nutrient deficiency, fertilizers are applied automatically or remotely using the Internet. It was conducted using three fertilization systems (automated, semi-automated and traditional) and three different types of drippers (GR, T-TAPE, EOLOS D2000).

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This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse belonging to the Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad - Jadiriyah during the 2023-2024 growing season. The aim was to study the effect of selenium and manganese oxide in inducing resistance in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum) against the pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani while enhancing certain growth parameters. The results revealed that applying these elements in combination at the optimal concentration of 200 mg/L inhibited fungal growth in vitro by 77.71% compared to the pathogenic fungus control, which showed 0% inhibition. This treatment also improved growth parameters such as plant height, fresh wei

تُعَدّ الشخصية وطريقة بنائها من الأسس الجوهرية في الرواية، ويسعى هذا البحث، بالاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي–التحليلي، إلى أن يبيّن. كيف يبتكر حميدرضا شاه‌آبادي في رواية ديلماج الشخصيةَ الرئيسية  والشخصياتِ الثانوية من خلال توظيف الأدوات السردية والبنائية، وكيف يستفيد منها في تمثيل الفضاء التاريخي–الاجتماعي لعصر القاجاري.

يتمحور السؤال الرئيس في هذا المقال حول مقدار استفادة الكاتب من المعايير النظرية

تشهد معدلات الجريمة في العديد من البلدان ارتفاعاً ملحوظاً سنوياً، مما يثير المخاوف من استمرار الأزمة الأخلاقية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل أشكال الجريمة الواردة في رواية "المغمرة" للكاتب نبيل فاروق، استعمل الباحث المنهج الوصفي النوعي، معتمداً على الرواية نفسها بوصفها مصدراً للبيانات، وتشير نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود ثلاثة أنواع من الجرائم، هي: الارتجال، والإفصاح عن الذات، والطقوسية. ففي الارتجال، تتخذ الجري

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة الاستعمال الفني للأفعال وكشف الأساليب الخاصة بالشاعر  في استعملاتها ، لتوضيح الجوانب الجمالية في شعر حسين منزوي. ويعد الفعل الفني في شعر حسين منزوي من أهم العوامل في خلق الصورة والمعنى. من خلال استعمال الأفعال المتنوعة ومزجها بأشكال خيالية، يبعث الشاعر كلماته من جديد قراءة ومعنى و يتم دراسة وبحث جوانب مختلفة من فن الشعر. كما  يتم دراسة الاستعمال الفني للفعل في شعر حسين منزوي. من خلال

يُعنى هذا البحث بتحليل القيم الروحية المتجلّية في مسرحية أنطون تشيخوف” بستان الكرز“ حيث يتناول صراع العالم القديم مع العالم الجديد ، الذي  ينعكس في تباين مواقف الشخصيات إزاء مفاهيم الجمال والحب و ذكريات الماضي . كما يبحث في كيفية تسبب فقدان بعض الشخصيات للقيم الروحية وإهمالها من قبل شخصيات أخرى إلى نهاية مأساوية ، ويُولي البحث اهتماماً خاصاً لاستكشاف العالم الداخلي لكل شخصية  ودوافعها، وأولو

This research aimed to identify the obstacles to administrative creativity of agricultural extension managers in Iraq . To achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire was prepared through the literature and previous studies related to the subject and the opinions of specialized experts and their approval were taking , so the final consisting of (58) paragraphs distributed over (3) areas. The research community included all agricultural extension managers, numbering (223) respondents. The research results have shown the existence of several obstacles that limit the administrative creativity of agricultural extension managers in Iraq, including organizational and administrative obstacles, which has come in first place with a w

A field experiment was conducted at the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during the summer season of 2023 to study the effects of ethephon foliar application on the growth, yield, and quality of indeterminate soybean cultivars. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with a split-plot arrangement using three replicates. This study included three soybean cultivars (Shaimaa, Giza 22 and Giza 111) and four foliar treatments (100, 200, and 300 mg L^-¹ of ethephon, along with a distilled water control). The results revealed that the Giza 22 cultivar achieved the highest means of number of pods per plant (96.16 pods plant^-¹) and t

Lower limb Rehabilitation Robots (LLRRs) assist in therapeutic tasks that involve gait recovery and joint mobility recovery of the lower limbs, in patients recovering from neurologic injuries such as stroke as well as spinal cord injury. LLRRs can sometimes be driven by preprogrammed trajectories or Inverse Kinematics (IK) trajectories, which bring increased computational demand and command supported interaction. This paper proposes an interactive control framework for LLRRs using a hybrid mix of Forward Kinematics (FK) driven movement and an offline Voice Conversational Agent (VCA), based on the Vosk speech recognition engine. The framework proposed is modular in nature that is completely “local”, running offline with no need for the I

Rehabilitation robotics has developed into an interdisciplinary field which uses mechanical design and control theory and optimization techniques together with information technologies to create better recovery results for people who suffer from motor disabilities. The present review assesses rehabilitation robotics research through engineering application studies which use more than 120 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024. The discussion covers four main areas which include control strategies that start from basic PID methods and extend to sophisticated adaptive and intelligent control systems. The study utilizes bio-inspired and metaheuristic optimization methods to enhance system functionality and develop control paths

The Dwelling is a Fundamental issue related to human beings; throughout time, man has always had to dwell in a place and build his house. Due to different styles and typologies appearing all over the world, all containing the character of privacy as the main element of human life in their dwellings. The present study aims to investigate the temporal shift in understanding privacy during the 20th and 21st centuries in Baghdadi houses, and what are the physical elements that are related to the meaning of privacy? The research methodology analyzed the concepts of privacy to extract the research indicators to be applied to (49) samples of individual houses in selected neighborhoods in two different periods. The data was collected from v

A field experiment was conducted at the agricultural research station, to study the effect of planting dates (three spring dates: February 15, March 1, and March 15), and spray with boron at three concentrations (0, 20, and 30 mg L^-1, and 10) on the inflorescence traits of the sweet leaf plant (Stevia). The results showed some floral vital parameters superiority, especially the anthesis date, number of inflorescences on the plant, inflorescence diameter, pollen viability percentage (in-vitro), pollen germination percentage of (in-vitro), and boron concentration in the flower ovary (221.00 days, 3963 inflorescences.plant^-1, 7.922 mm, 91.67%, 47.33%, and 51.10 mg L^-1, respectively). It could be conclude fro

aimed to investigate the effect of alkaline extraction, using different concentration  sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.2)%  on the physicochemical and functional properties and final yield of rice, millet and oat starch. The results showed that the yield of starch from rice flour ranged between (50 - 68.18)% and that the highest yield of starch was achieved using alkaline solution (NaOH) 0.4%, while for millet and oat the yield of starch ranged between (47.46 - 54)% and (48.3 - 62.66)% respectively, and the highest yield was recorded with (0.2)% (NaOH) for both crops. The percentage of amylose was high in the starch sample which was extracted using a low concentration of alkaline solution. <

This article is an attempt to protect the main flavor compounds in concentrated orange juice by using polymeric dehydration techniques (sodium polyacrylate), instead of the traditional which causes a remarkable degradation in these compounds. The physiochemical and microbial properties of juice were monitored throughout the concentration processes. Polymeric dehydration was used at different conditions to concentrate orange juice and comparing with traditionally heat treatment. Total soluble solid (TSS), ascorbic acid, acidity, pH, viscosity and tannins have been affected by various levels according to concentration technique and period of storage. The microbial content had never developed even throughout the storage for six months, beca

This study was aimed to isolate the aim of isolating the Trichoderma longibrachiatum and the Bacillus subtilis from healthy date palm root samples and evaluating their antagonistic effectiveness against the two pathogenic fungi Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Thielaviopsis punctulata that cause black scorch in date palm Phoenix dactylifera. The biological control agents T. longibrachiatum and B. subtilis showed efficiency in inhibiting the growth of both pathogenic fungi T. paradoxa and T. punctulata when double cultured in PDA medium. In specific, the T. longibrachiatum inhibited the growth of both pathogenic fungi T. paradoxa and T. punctu

This study aimed to assess the toxicity of these compounds against the third-instar larvae and pupal stages of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata, under laboratory conditions. Three concentrations of the above compounds (1, 3, and 5%) were prepared and evaluated. The results indicated that methyl salicylate and thymol were more effective than limonene, especially at high concentrations, with mortality reaching 100% compared to limonene's 66%. Moreover, the pupal stage was more affected by limonene compared to the third stage of B. zonata larvae. The results suggest that methyl salicylate and thymol compounds could be one of the safe alternatives to chemical pesticides in controlling peach fruit fly, B. zonata

The word-formation specificity of diminutive vocabulary in Russian and Arabic is considered in this paper. On the background of the fact that the definitions of diminutives in various linguistic traditions do not always reveal the morphological features of this lexical layer, the authors focus on the word-formation motivation in creating diminutives in Russian and Arabic, which becomes the subject of the study. In this regard, special attention is paid to the criterion of O.G. Vinokur and his Arabic parallels are the parameters of the Arabic medieval philologist Ibn Faris, which serve as the basis for revealing the structure and semantics of derivative words in both languages. The authors, resorting to the comparative method, analyz

يواجه العراق تحديات مائية خطيرة نتيجة التغيرات المناخية، مثل انخفاض معدلات هطول الأمطار، ارتفاع درجات الحرارة، وزيادة معدلات الجفاف والتصحر، فهذه التحديات تتطلب إستراتيجيات فعالة لإدارة الموارد المائية بشكل مستدام، وهو ما يمكن تحقيقه من خلال تبني التطورات التكنولوجية الحديثة في مجال الحوكمة البيئية ، و يركز هذا البحث على دور التحول الرقمي والتقنيات الذكية في تعزيز كفاءة إدارة المياه، إذ يمكن لتطبيقا

Placental calcification is an aging process that is increasingly linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes when it occurs prematurely. Vitamin D has immunomodulatory properties and may play a role in placental calcification. This study explored the association between maternal vitamin D, inflammatory cytokines, and placental calcification. A total of 46 pregnant women aged 16–40 years were included in this study. They were divided into four groups: Group 1 (control group; n = 10, without placental calcification), Group 2 (n = 12, Grade 1 placental calcification), Group 3 (n = 12, Grade 2 placental calcification), and Group 4 (n = 12, Grade 3 placental calcification). Serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) and cytokine (TNF-α,

       إن الكتابة عن  مدينة ما يضع بين يدي القارئ معلومات قيمة ومهمة عن تلك المدنية فما بالك لو كانت هذه المدينة عراقية  من بلد الحضارات ،اسهمت  في رفد الحركة العلمية في العراق بعدد من العلماء والفقهاء والقراء والمحدثين والرواة ، لذلك سلط البحث الضوء على مدينة الدور بوصفها كإحدى مدن العراق التي أسهمت في نهضته العلمية والفكرية لذلك قسمت البحث على خمس فقرات تناولت فيها  : موقعها الجغرافي

     يتناول البحث دراسة الافتراق الدلالي للمصادر في القرآن الكريم  ، فالمصدر واحد من اهم الأبنية اللغوية التي تشكل بنية غامضة تحتاج الى ما يحددها ويكشف دلالاتها واللغة العربية اتبعت نظاما فائق الدقة في ازالة هذه التعمية الدلالية ، وذلك بالتوسع في اشتقاق الصيغ فلكل أصل أكثر من صيغة مصدرية باختلافها يختلف المعنى ويفترق في الدلالة وبالتالي في الاستعمال .

وعلماء اللغة القدماء وقفوا عند هذه الفر

تناول التراث الثقافي دوراً حيوياً في تشكيل الهوية المجتمعية، حيث يشمل العادات، والتقاليد، والفنون، واللغات. تساهم هذه العناصر في تعزيز الانتماء والولاء الجماعي، مما يعزز من تماسك المجتمع. من خلال دراسات سوسيولوجية، يتبين أن التراث الثقافي يعمل كوسيلة للحفاظ على الذاكرة الجماعية، ويؤثر في كيفية رؤية الأفراد لأنفسهم ومكانتهم في العالم. كما يساعد في تشكيل قيم المجتمع وأخلاقياته، مما ينعكس على سلوك الأفراد

    Terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) are 3D imaging systems that provide the most powerful 3D representation and practical solutions for various applications. Hence this is due to effective range measurements, 3D point cloud reliability, and rapid acquisition performance. Stonex X300 TOF scanner delivered better certainty in far-range than in close-range measurements due to the high noise level inherent within the data delivered from Time of Flight (TOF) scanning sensors. However, if these errors are manipulated properly using a valid calibration model, more accurate products can be obtained even from very close-range measurements. Therefore, to fill this gap, this research presents a user-oriented target-based calibration routi

Digital Models of Elevations (DEMs) Using Surfer 16, which are interpolated to create three-dimensional controls for the entire terrain, are typically used in visualization of geospatial entities. The interpolation method used determines how accurate the resulting terrain model will be, hence it is necessary to compare the effectiveness of various approaches in this situation. Numerous generic interpolation techniques, using inverse distance to a power, triangulation as with linear interpolation, the nearest neighbor, and kriging, have been studied. These interpolation techniques produced DEMs. With the aid of SURFER software 16, the primary goal of this effort was to introduce the DEM using a spatial interpolation method and to pre

Abstract: The research aims to assess the level of readiness of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure for business continuity at Earthlink Telecommunications and Internet Services Company in Iraq, in light of the requirements of the international standard ISO/IEC 27031:2025. The research adopts a case study approach as an appropriate methodological framework for understanding and analyzing the organizational and technical complexity inherent in telecommunications sector organizations. To achieve the research objectives, a set of integrated data collection tools was employed, including field interviews with technical and administrative staff, a review of organizational documents and approved policies, as well as d

Thermal management has grown more and more problematic as electronic components continue to get faster and smaller. One of the passive two-phase cooling systems are Oscillating heat pipe (OHP) that have the capacity to transmit a significant quantity of thermal energy across long distances. Oscillating heat pipe is a device that has the potential to satisfy this developing requirement. An investigation into the effects of orientation, filling ratio, and heat load on the initiation and characteristics of oscillatory motion, combining numerical simulations with experimental validation. A copper tube with a 2 mm inner diameter and a 2 mm wall thickness is used to fabricate the OHP. The condenser, evaporator, and adiabatic sections are