Dissolution of gypsum rock in water is significant, which may result in hydrocarbon reservoir formation and evaporate deposits. However, the complexity of the gypsum dissolution process is still of interest because of its uncleanness that requires more critical analysis. The objectives of this experimental study are emphasis on the dissolution characteristics of gypsum rock under room temperature and by various types of water; namely: deionized, tap, fresh, acidic, well, and normal rainwatre. In addition, the influences of dissolution on gypsum rock's mechanical and physical characteristics. Gypsum rock was obtained from Agjalar area, in the southwest of Sulaymaniyah city, Northern Iraq. Experimental results show that we

Buckling analysis of composite laminates for critical thermal (uniform and linear) and mechanical loads is reported here. The objective of this work is to carry out theoretical investigation of buckling analysis of composite plates under thermomechanical loads, and experimental investigation under mechanical loads. The analytical investigation involved certain mathematical preliminaries, a study of equations of orthotropic elasticity for classical laminated plate theory (CLPT), higher order shear deformation plate theory (HSDT) , and numerical analysis (Finite element method), then the equation of motion are derived and solved using Navier method and Levy method for symmetric and anti-symmetric cross-ply and angle-ply laminated plates t

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على مدى تأثير اختلاف عدد بدائل السؤال الموضوعي وموقع البديل الصحيح على الثبات والاتساق الداخلي لاختبار في مقرر القياس والتقويم بين نظرية القياس الكلاسيكية والنموذج الإحصائي لبايزي لدى طلاب كلية التربية جامعة الملك خالد، ولتحقيق تلك الأهداف اختار الباحث عينة من طلاب كلية التربية حجمها (100) طالب يدرسون مقرر القياس والتقويم، وبناء اختبار تحصيلي موضوعي (أربع بدائل)، وتم صياغة الأسئلة لتنا

A load flow program is developed using MATLAB and based on the Newton–Raphson method,which shows very fast and efficient rate of convergence as well as computationally the proposed method is very efficient and it requires less computer memory through the use of sparsing method and other methods in programming to accelerate the run speed to be near the real time.
The designed program computes the voltage magnitudes and phase angles at each bus of the network under steady–state operating conditions. It also computes the power flow and power losses for all equipment, including transformers and transmission lines taking into consideration the effects of off–nominal, tap and phase shift transformers, generators, shunt capacitors, sh

An experimental and numerical study has been carried out to investigate the forced convection heat transfer by clean or dusty air in a two dimensional annulus enclosure filled with porous media (glass beads) between two vertical concentric cylinders. The outer cylinder is of (82 mm) outside diameters and the inner cylinder of (27 mm) outside diameter. Under steady state condition; the inner cylinder surface is maintained at a high temperature by applying a uniform heat flux and the outer cylinder surface at an ambient temperature. The investigation covered values of input power of (6.3, 4.884, 4.04 and 3.26 W), Reynolds number values of (300, 700, 1000, 1500, and 2000) and dust ratio values (density number N) of (2, 4, 6 and 8). A comput

Al Huweizah Marsh is considered as the largest marsh at the southern part of Iraq. About one third of the marsh is located within the Iranian territory. Iran began to construct earth dikes along the Iraqi-Iranian international borders to separate the Iranian part of the marsh. The electrical conductivity, EC, value was adopted to be the indicator for the water salinity within the marsh. A steady two-dimensional water quality routing model was implemented by using the RMA2 and RMA4 softwares within the SMS computer package to estimate the distribution of the
EC values within the marsh seasonally during the wet, moderate and dry water years. The EC distribution Patterns were estimated considering the expected two cases of the marsh futu

The Karolinka earth-fill dam was constructed between 1977 and 1984 on the Stanovnice river above the town of Karolinka in the region of Vsetínsko in Czech Republic. Because of leakage on the downstream dam face due to technological indiscipline when filling dam layers during the dam construction stage, there were some steps to improve state dam safety. The final rehabilitation is to construct the diaphragm walls from self-hardening cement-bentonite suspension along the length of the dam. In addition to connecting the gallery and abutment (2 × 25 m long) by using jet piles. The article presents numerical modeling of safety factor evaluation associated with the state of the dam body and foundation; before, and after seal

The integration of decision-making will lead to the robust of its decisions, and then determination optimum inventory level to the required materials to produce and reduce the total cost by the cooperation of purchasing department with inventory department and also with other company^,s departments. Two models are suggested to determine Optimum Inventory Level (OIL), the first model (OIL-model 1) assumed that the inventory level for materials quantities equal to the required materials, while the second model (OIL-model 2) assumed that the inventory level for materials quantities more than the required materials for the next period.             &nb

Numerous regions in the city of Baghdad experience the congestion and traffic problems. Due to the religious and economic significance, Al-Kadhimiya city (inside the metropolitan range of Baghdad) was chosen as study area. The data gathering stage was separated into two branches: the questionnaire method which is utilized to estimate the traffic volumes for the chosen roads and field data collection method which included video recording and manual counting for the volumes entering the selected signal intersections. The stage of analysis and evaluation for the seventeen urban roads, one highway, and three intersections was performed by HCS-2000 software.The presented work plots a system for assessing the level of service

Gypseous soil is classified as problematic soil, characterised by its characterized by complicated and erratic behavior, and is mostly found in arid and semi-arid areas of the globe. As for Iraq. Gypseous soils cover about 30-35% of the total area of Iraq, as this type of soil is found in the Western Desert and extends to the southern parts of the country. Gypseous soils are considered strong but susceptible to sudden collapse when wet. To control the collapse of gypsum soils, Geotextiles are among the most popular kind of geosynthetic material used for soil reinforcement. The goal of this study is to determine whether woven geotextiles can improve the ultimate bearing capacity of foundations constructed on gypsum soil.

Hydrological studies have become more important in recent years to estimate flow discharges in the valleys. The study area of Al-Ghadaf Valley was chosen due to the absence of surface runoff information for this valley. This research studied the watershed of Al-Ghadaf (GW) by using the SWAT model. It wasn’t possible to perform calibration and verification for the model due to the absence of actual discharges in the Al-Ghadaf valley. The area of the catchment was 8567.25  and the weather data used in this model was for three actual stations, Rutba, Ramadi, and Al-Nukhaib, for 13 years from 2009 to 2022. I wasn’t able to choose a period larger than 13 years because some of them are missing. Despite this, one of the f

Water quality planning relies on Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD. BOD testing takes five days. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is increasingly used for water resource forecasting. This work designed a PSO technique for estimating everyday BOD at Al-Rustumiya wastewater treatment facility inlet. Al-Rustumiya wastewater treatment plant provided 702 plant-scale data sets during 2012-2022. The PSO model uses the daily data of the water quality parameters, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride (Cl^-), suspended solid (SS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH, to determine how each variable affects the daily incoming BOD. PSO and multiple linear regression (MLR) findings are compared, and their perfor

In most manufacturing processes, and in spite of statistical control, several process capability indices refer to non conformance of the true mean (µc ) from the target mean ( µT ), and the variation is also high. In this paper, data have been analyzed and studied for a blow molded plastic product (Zahi Bottle) (ZB). WinQSB software was used to facilitate the statistical process control, and process capability analysis and some of capability indices. The relationship between different process capability indices and the true mean of the process were represented, and then with the standard deviation (σ ), of achievement of process capability value that can reduce the standard deviation value and improve production out of theoretical con

This study aims to investigate the effect of changing skins material on the strength of sandwich plates with circular hole when subjected to mechanical loads. Theoretical, numerical and experimental analyses are done for sandwich plates with hole and with two face sheet materials. Theoretical analysis is performed by using sandwich plate theory which depends on the first order shear deformation theory for plates subjected to tension and bending separately. Finite element method was used to analyse numerically all cases by ANSYS program.

The sandwich plates were investigated experimentally under bending and buckling load separately. The relationship between stresses and the ratio of hole diameter to plate width (d/b) are built, by

لا يثير الأساس القانوني لإلتزام صاحب الفندق بضمان سلامة الأشياء أية مشكلة، لأن التشريعات المقارنة نظمته بنصوص قانونية صريحة، ولكن المشكلة تثور بالنسبة للأساس القانوني لإلتزام صاحب الفندق بضمان السلامة الجسدية للنزيل، إذ خلت تلك التشريعات من النصوص الصريحة بشأنه، وتركت تنظيمه للقواعد العامة الأمر الذي فتح الباب على مصراعيه أمام اجتهادات الفقه، حيث تعددت الأسس التي وضعها الفقهاء له، في نطاق القانون المدن

أن محكمة التمييز هي محكمة قانون تراقب المحاكم الادنى منها من خلال تدقيقها للأحكام والقرارات التي تصدرها هذه المحاكم, والاصل أن رقابتها تكون على الجانب القانوني للحكم الجزائي فهي تراقب مدى التزام المحاكم بالتطبيق الصحيح لقواعد القانون الموضوعي والشكلي, وفي بعض الاحيان تكون الاخطاء التي تشوب الاحكام الجزائية متعلقة بوقائع الدعوى الجزائية والاصل أن تقدير الوقائع يكون من اختصاص محكمة الموضوع ولا رقابة لمحكم

قد لا تكون التشريعات والاستراتيجيات التنظيمية كافية في اغلب الأحيان لحماية المعلومات. الوسائل التقنية ليست كافية أيضًا في منع المخاطر التي تهدد المعلومات مهما كانت فعاليتها. وبالتالي ، فإن الحماية عبارة عن هيكل معقد يتكون من قانون واستراتيجية تنظيمية وتكنولوجيا. لقد أبرز الاستخدام المتزايد لأنظمة المعلومات الحاسوبية والاعتماد عليها الحاجة إلى إدارة جيدة لنظام المعلومات. يمكن أن يكون للرقابة التشريعية ت

This paper describes flexural behavior of two spans continuous rectangular concrete beams reinforced with mild steel and partially prestressing strands, to evaluate using different prestressing level and prestressing area in continuous prestressed beams at serviceability and ultimate stages. Six continuous concrete beams with 4550 mm length reinforced with mild steel reinforcement and partially prestressed with two prestressing levels of (0.7fpy  or 0.55fpy.) of and different amount of 12.7 mm diameter seven wire steel strand were used. Test results showed that the partially prestressed reinforced beams with higher prestressing level exhibited the narrowest crack width, smallest deflection and strain in both steel and concrete at ul

أن نظام الأمر الجزائي هو نظام إجرائي خاص يُمثل صورة من صور نظام (الإدانة بغير مرافعة)، الغرض منه مواجهة نوع معين من الجرائم بهدف وضع حد لانقضاء الدعاوى الناشئة عنها بصورة مبسطة ويسيرة لا تراعى فيها القواعد المقررة لنظر المحاكمات العادية. إذ أن الفكرة الأساسية في نظام الأوامر الجزائية تتمثل في أن أوراق الدعوى في الجرائم البسيطة تتضمن من الادلة ما يكفي للفصل في امرها دون الحاجة الى السير في الإجراءات بالطريق ا

Surface modeling utilizing Bezier technique is one of the more important tool in computer aided geometric design (CAD). The aim of this work is to design and implement multi-patches Bezier free-form surface. The technique has an effective contribution in technology domains and in ships, aircrafts, and cars industry, moreover for its wide utilization in making the molds. This work is includes the synthesis of these patches in a method that is allow the participation of these control point for the merge of the patches, and the confluence of patches at similar degree sides due to degree variation per patch.  The model has been implemented to represent the surface. The interior data of the desired surfaces designed by M

Thrust blocks and restraint joints are the two most popular methods of counteracting the thrust force that generated at pipe fittings (bends, Tee, wye, reducers, dead ends, etc…). Both systems perform the same function, which is to prevent the joints from separating from the pipes. The aim of the study is to review previous studies and scientific theories related to the study and design of thrust blocks and restraint joints to study the behavior of both systems under thrust force and to study the factors and variables that affect the behavior of these systems. The behavior of both systems must be studied because they cannot be abandoned, as each system has conditions whose use is more feasible, scientific, and economic

تناول هذا البحث موضوع مهم هو معيار التمميز بين المعاهدة والاتفاقية، حيث قُسم إلى ما يأتي:

المبحث الأول: ماهية المعاهدة، حيث تناولنا تعريف المعاهدة، وشرحنا شروطها الشكلية والموضوعية، وركزنا على توضيح  احكام التصديق الناقص وآثاره القانونية، وتوصلنا إلى ما سار عليه التعامل الدولي المتمثل بعدم ابطال المعاهدة ذات التصديق الناقص.

المبحث الثاني: التعريف بالاتفاقية، وضحنا في هذا المبحث مفهوم التصديق

Abstract

This study aims to identify the degree to which the first cycle teachers use different feedback patterns in the e-learning system in addition to the differences in the degree of use according to specialization, teaching experience, and in-service training in the field of classroom assessment, as well as the interaction between them. The study sample consisted of (350) female teachers of the first cycle in government schools in Muscat Governorate for the academic year 2020/2021. The study used a questionnaire that contained four different patterns of feedback, which are reinforcement, informative, corrective, and interpretive feedback. The psychometric properties of the que

this research aims to identify the impact of teaching with ana logies in collection of chemistry students grade average.And direction in order to verify to the zero hypothesis has been formulated and validated,The researcher conducted experiment lasted a full semester as experimental design was chosen (exactly)two equal one pilot and another officer.The research community has been  selected one of intentional Middle School of the Education Directorate in B aghdad Karkh second either search sample consisted of (68) students from second grade average (34 ) Students for each group randomly selected research groups was equal to the following variables (lifetime months,parent of first grade chemistry degrees average test informat

المنهج الخفي …. نشأته ، ومفهومه ، فلسفته ، مكوناته ، تطبيقاته ، مخاطره.

الحمد الله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد – صلى الله عليه وسلم- وعلى اله وصحبه ومن تبعه وسار على هديه إلى يوم الدين .

أما بعد ؛

فمما لا خلاف فيه بين التربويين أن الطلبة يتعلمون قدراً كبيراً من المعارف والحقائق والمعلومات والتعاميم داخل المدرسة من مصادر غير المنهج المقصود او المخطط له.

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The current study aimed to know the reasons for the reluctance of
students to apply mathematics department in the Iraqi
universities. In order to achieve the objective of the study the
researchers a tool numbers of 4 - axes included 40 - paragraph,
distributed as follows:
- Set the first axis causes that relate to the student, the 14
paragraph.
- The second axis includes clauses concerning teacher and the
number of paragraphs of Article 9, paragraph.
- Axis III contains clauses concerning the nature of mathematics
and a number of paragraphs 11 paragraphs.
- The fourth, which included reasons related to classmates and
close and the number of paragraphs 6, paragraph.
The resolution offered on a group

The aim of the present study is to identify the level of prosoical behavior of Baghdad University's students and to recognize the differences between male and female students. Moreover, it also aims to identify the level of openness to experience for these students. A random sample of (123) students has been selected; 77 males and 46 females. Two scales have been used in the study. The Prosocialness scale for adults by Caprara. Et al (2005) has been translated into the Arabic language and relies on four types of actions (Helping, Sharing, Taking care, and feeling Empathetic with others) and the other scale is the Openness to Experience Scale, which is one of the Big Five Inventory by John and Srivastava (1999). The main results showed a

The research aims at the following:

- Identifying the level of internal quantity efficiency in Medical colleges, University of Baghdad by determining the level of productivity for one group for the total batch according to sex variable (males and females). Procedures of the study

The researcher used the descriptive and analytical method has been used by following them up enhanced by flow indicators of students for one session  depending on   special statistical data  analyss .

The results are as follows:

 - The Faculty of Medicine were higher productivity scholarships for one year and two years of schooling, as well as the highest in the efficiency of the Faculty o

This research aims at investigating pupils’ ability in using discourse markers which are identified in the English textbooks of secondary schools. Four texts are chosen from third intermediate class. The four texts are short stories of different topics.                                                  

        This research hypothesizes that there are no statistical significant differences among Iraqi intermediate pupils’ ability in using textual

Transient three-dimensional natural convection heat transfer due to the influences of heating from one side of an enclosure filled with a saturated porous media, whereas the opposite side is maintained at a constant cold temperature, and the other four sides are adiabatic, were investigated in the present work experimentally. Silica sand was used as a porous media saturated with distilled water filled in a cubic enclosure heated from the side,using six electrical controlled heaters, at constant temperatures of (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100oC). The inverse side cooled at a constant temperature of (24oC) using an aluminum heat exchanger, consisted of 15 channels feeded with constant temperature water. Eighty thermocouples were used to control t