The maritime borders of the coastal state are the scene of the human tragedies that we are witnessing in the context of the perilous plight of refugees at sea، and the failure to help people at risk by the coastal state will entail international responsibility towards them، and the three international maritime conventions، commitments aimed at coastal states with the duty to provide assistance and rescue to persons in danger of being lost at sea، is without doubt one of the most basic principles established in the law of the sea، in addition to establishing and operating And maintenance of the search and rescue service، and not to expel them and return them to their country of origin or another country.

The study aimed to explore the effectiveness of using rational judgment strategy in teaching science to develop scientific thinking for second-grade students. The researcher utilized the quasi-experimental approach based on (the pre/post designing) of two groups: experimental and control. As for tools: a test of scientific thinking prepared by the researcher that proved its verification of their validity and reliability. The test applied on a random sample of (66) students, divided into two groups: (34) experimental, and (32) control. The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-application of the scientific thinking test, In each skill separately, and in the total skills. The study recommende

The research entitled "the Iraqi Topics in International Arab Press" is an analytical study of two newspapers: Al-Arab and Al-Hayat published in London from September 1-30, 2013.

      The Arab press is one of the cultural monuments Home stretches for culture and media of Arabs outside the Arab Homeland which made them international press targeting public Arab audience's not civil audiences in a particular country and formulating their contents on this basis taking into account intake affairs and issues that have been national or international.

        Because of this international presence of the Arab press, these newspa

The legal basis for the obligation of the innkeeper to ensure the safety of things does not pose any problem, because the comparative legislation was organized by explicit legal texts, but the problem arises with regard to the legal basis of the innkeeper's obligation to ensure the physical safety of the guest, as these legislation lacked explicit provisions about it, and left the organization of the general rules, which Open the door to jurisprudence, where the foundations laid by the jurists, within the scope of civil law, unlike the English legislator, which organized it as a general duty in the landlord law of 1957, and some consumer protection laws implicitly referred to the obligation of the innkeeper To ensure the safety of the bo

In the midst of political, cultural and economic fast developments accelerated, the world witnessed, with the accompanied big communication revolutions, many shapes of powers. Those developments were followed by changes in relations of international level.

The most prominent among those developments was the international public relations which became equal to official international relations. Moreover, the international public relations became a complementary element dur to the growth of public opinion and its affection on political regime. Such growth of public opinion pushed the politicians to address it; and try to gain its support.

The US was the first realized the importance of international public relations. Th

We had, in this research, the role of international justice in the mandatory principles of international humanitarian law development (ICJ model), where divided by the two sections: the first, outlining the direction of the international character of the judiciary on the Convention and the principles of customary international humanitarian law.

The second section, which handled the position of international justice in the peremptory norms of international humanitarian law of nature.

In conclusion we dealt with the most important conclusions we reached in this regard, and some of the necessary recommendations in this area.

This research deals with the formalities of the mortgage contract according to American law, We have given an overview of the provisions of this law related to the subject, We have also taken into consideration the role of American jurisprudence and the judiciary in finding legal solutions to the aforementioned formality, We have discussed the formality of mortgage in American law in two sections, In the first section we showed the formalism in immovable  mortgage, and the second section specified to studying the formalism in movable mortgage.

Iraqi economy has grown rapidly. Iraqi citizen, therefore, should be very much involved with the comprehensive development after his long patience. Such development should begin with him and his family to get the housing commodity, which is indeed not a cheap one.                                                          

  In this regard, the Iraqi legislator drew attention to the necessity of issuing housing finan