Preferred Language
Articles
/
jols-44
حماية الشهود في قانون الإجراءات الجنائية البحريني: دراسة مقارنة

في الوقت الذي تعد فيه الشهادة في مجال الإثبات الجنائي واجباً على كل فرد في المجتمع وصل إلى علمه معلومات أو بيانات عن جريمة معينة وأدركها بإحدى حواسه ، غير أن ذلك الواجب قد يعتريه صعوبات وعراقيل تمنع الشاهد وتنأى به عن الإدلاء بشهادته تتمثل في خوفه مما قد يهدد حياته أو ماله أو عرضه هو أو ممن هم من المقربين إليه .

فالشهادة قد تكون الدليل الوحيد في الدعوى الجنائية ولهذا يكتسب الشاهد مكانة خاصة في نطاق الإثبات الجنائي لما ينقله للمحكمة أو جهات التحقيق ما أدركه بإحدى حواسه . ولذلك فقد سعت عدد من الدول إلى إضفاء الحماية الجنائية للشاهد في الدعوى الجنائية من خلال تقريرها لبعض الإجراءات التي من شأنها في النهاية خدمة العدالة الجنائية من جهة وكفالة العيش بسلام لمن يؤدي تلك الشهادة بإبعاده عن كل المؤثرات التي تهدده أو تضغط عليه من جهة أخرى . هذه الحماية أصبحت تمثل أحد الأهداف الرئيسية للسياسة الجنائية المعاصرة لما فيها من فائدة مرجوة لمرفق العدالة والذي سيتمكن بذلك من ملاحقة الجناة بأكثر فاعلية ، فضلاً عن منح المتعاونين مع العدالة وبخاصة الشهود المهددين الحد الأدنى من الحماية التي يستحقونها لتعاونهم مع العدالة .

ونتيجة لذك نظمت العديد من التشريعات المقارنة تلك الحماية بنصوص خاصة ومنها المشرع البحريني الذي نص على تدابير معينة لحماية الشهود لإعتبارات تتعلق بسلامتهم والأشخاص وثيقي الصلة بهم ، تدور حول إخفاء شخصية الشهود ، إن بإخفاء المعلومات المتعلقة بهويتهم ، أو بإخفاء تلك المعلومات المتعلقة بمحل إقامتهم . إذ يحظر قانون الإجراءات الجنائية البحريني إفشاء أي معلومات تتعلق بالهوية و أماكن وجود الأشخاص ممن هم من الشهود والذين يتعين حمايتهم ، أو وضع قيود على تداول تلك المعلومات . كما وأجاز القانون لجهات التحقيق والمحكمة اللجوء إلـى سمـاع الشهود عن بُعـد بإستخـدام بعض الوسائـل التقنيـة أو المادية ، يكون الهدف منها أيضاً إخفاء شخصية الشاهد لما قد يتعرض له من إيذاء أو مضار نفسية أوإجتماعية إلى غيرها من الأسباب التي توجب إضفاء الحماية عليهم .

كذلك فإن الشاهد قد يتعرض أثناء جلسة المحاكمة إلى إعتداء أو ضغط أو إكراه من قبل المتهم أو غيره . وهنا يبرز دور المحكمة في إحاطة هذا الشاهد بحماية إجرائية وموضوعية مما قد يتعرض له . ولم يغب ذلك عن ذهن المشرع الذي أعطى للمحكمة في أحيان كثيرة سلطة واسعة في تقدير ضرورة تدخلها أثناء الجلسة وبسط نفوذها لغرض ضبط تلك الجلسة وعدم المساس بها أو بمن كان حاضراً فيها ومنهم الشهود . ولهذا نجد أن المشرع البحريني في قانون الإجراءات الجنائية قد فوض المحكمة في مواد كثيرة صلاحية إتخاذ الإجراءات المناسبة لحماية الشهود وحفظ النظام في الجلسة .

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Thu Feb 06 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
حماية رضا المستهلك في التعاقد عبر الانترنت دراسة في القانونين العراقي والفرنسي

This research deals with the protection of the consumer's acceptance by internet, we divided it into four sections, the first section is devoted to the concept of the consummation contract by internet. The second section was about the professional's offer by internet, while we studied in the third section the consumer's acceptance by internet, at the last section we discussed the agreement of the protection consumer's acceptance.

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Jan 30 2012
Journal Name
مجلة العلوم القانونية
حماية المستهلك في التعاقد الالكتروني

يتناول البحث حماية المستهلك في التعاقد الالكتروني

Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Proposal framework to activate the international accounting procedures for disasters and wars effects in the local environment

natural and non-natural disasters, is an environmental challenges the society and the economy as well as a direct and indirect economic affect, and the units are part of the system overlapping among themselves and thus affected by external indicators, directly or indirectly, these direct effects appear in the destruction or damage inflicted by disasters in property , infrastructure , superstructure , accounting information systems and indirectly in the outcome of future business, comes research problem through access to accounting treatments issued by the Federal Office of financial supervision to address the damage caused by the disasters and prepare the missing financial accounts it turns out us that there is negligence of a nu

... Show More
Crossref (1)
Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Dec 25 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Internal criminal protection mechanisms for children of unknown parentage

Although the national law was found in order to provide protection for all members of society against crime، there are some groups of society that need more protection، due to the situation in which they are from these groups. They are of unknown parentage، and in order to provide appropriate criminal protection for their situation، it must first Determine who are the owners of this category and then examine the extent of the adequacy of criminal protection provided by penal laws for this category of society from the danger of crimes affecting their lives and their physical and mental integrity..

View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of Benford’s law to appreciation the risk in financial transactions: Application study in Baghdad University

The financial fraud considers part of large concept to management and financial corruption, the financial fraud is appeared especially after corporate, that is Emerge agency theory, that is because recognize relationship between the management company and stakeholder, that is through group from constriction in order to block the management to fraud practice, that on the basis was choose another party in order fraud this practice and give opinion on financial statement, that consider basis decision making from stakeholder to basis the report auditor about creditability this is statement that reflect real activity for the company.The Auditor in order to lead work him Full professionalism to must using group from control Techniques, that is

... Show More
Crossref
View Publication
Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of Benford’s law to appreciation the risk in financial transactions: Application study in Baghdad University

The financial fraud considers part of large concept to management and financial corruption, the financial fraud is appeared especially after corporate, that is Emerge agency theory, that is because recognize relationship between the management company and stakeholder, that is through group from constriction in order to block the management to fraud practice, that on the basis was choose another party in order fraud this practice and give opinion on financial statement, that consider basis decision making from stakeholder to basis the report auditor about creditability this is statement that reflect real activity for the company.The Auditor in order to lead work him Full professionalism to must using group from control Techniques, that is

... Show More
Crossref (1)
Crossref
View Publication
Publication Date
Thu Feb 11 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The policy of criminalization and punishment in the labor law

The labor code is one of the laws that contain special criminal provisions, in which the legislator adopted a special penal policy in view of the nature of the protected interest or in view of those who addressed its provisions. We stipulated a series of labor crimes and arranged criminal penalties for them. The most important of these crimes is the description of misdemeanors or offenses. The penalty is either imprisonment or fine. it is noted that the Iraqi labor code no. (37 ) of 2015 did not adopt a general theory of criminalization and punishment ,but its penal provisions were scattered in the folds of the law .the criminalization of most of its provisions did not meet with the penalty law Iraqi penalties no(111)of 1969 ( which stip

... Show More
Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Sep 15 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Provisions of the uncertain fate of the Penal Code

Under the provisions of the old penal laws were criminal responsibility collectively If someone commits murder of the tribe was the victim belongs to another tribe was wasting his blood as a murderer and have each person of the tribe personally responsible for this crime. If it does not contribute to it or did not know, however, committed to achieving voices calling goodness and justice demand soared to impose punishment on the person who is connected to the crim.

The French Revolution and its leaders credited with establishing the principle of personal punishment and responsibility in contemporary penal laws did this concept is limited to the advancement of the criminal liability of play a role in the commission of the crime, bu

... Show More
Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of international auditing standard (320) of materiality in defining the analytical procedures of the auditor: Applied research in the Iraqi company for seed production

The study seeks to clarify the role of International Auditing Standard No. (320) of the relative importance in determining responsibility for planning and implementing the process of auditing financial statements and expressing neutral technical opinion through the analytical procedures of the auditor, whose responsibility is to obtain appropriate and reliable audit evidence that helps the auditor to form a general conclusion about whether The financial statements were consistent with the auditor's understanding of the entity. The relative importance contributes to defining the important accounts that help to set priorities for the auditor to set the necessary analytical procedures for these accounts. One of the most important co

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Tue Jan 29 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Environmental Education and her role to protect an Environment

Environmental education is considered as process of getting Humans in communication with this environment and all its various resources. such process requires acquiring knowledge about the environment that com help humans understand their correlative relations with the environmental elements on one hand and among the environmental elements themselves on the other . Besides, such a process requires developing human skills that help them participate in developing environmental circumstances. Therefore environmental education is responsible for perspective and cultural development that governs human behavior. Regarding their environment and stimulating tendencies and interests towards the environment , let alone helping humans acquire the c

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF