The research aims to analyze the impact of exchange rate fluctuations (EXM and EXN) and inflation (INF) on the gross domestic product (GDP) in Iraq for the period 1988-2020. The research is important by analyzing the magnitude of the macroeconomic and especially GDP effects of these variables, as well as the economic effects of exchange rates on economic activity. The results of the standard analysis using the ARDL model showed a long-term equilibrium relationship, according to the Bound Test methodology, from explanatory (independent) variables to the internal (dependent) variable, while the value of the error correction vector factor was negative and moral at a level less than (1%). The relationship between EXM and GDP was inverse, with partial flexibility for EXM (-7.666), meaning that an increase in EXM (1%) will lead to a decrease in GDP (7.666%). This applies to the reality of the Iraqi economy, as the method used in recent times is to devalue the local currency. The effect of EXN was steady in the long run, with the partial flexibility of EXN (5.785), that is, an increase of EXN (1%) will lead to an increase in GDP (5.785%), and the model as a whole is statistically significant. The explanatory power of the model is high, as it was (R2=0.816), indicating that 81% of the changes in GDP in constant prices are due to the change in (EXM, EXN, and INF). The study concluded that in light of the outbreak of the coronavirus, the disruption of most economic projects, and the decline in the prices of the Iraqi government, as a result of the decrease in the balance of oil and oil revenues, as a result of the balance of the government part of the solution is to devalue the local currency by controlling the nominal exchange rate. At present, the Iraqi Monetary Authority recommends that the Managed Flexible Exchange System be continued as an effective means of avoiding external shocks for the Iraqi economy, as it allows for appropriate adjustments to be made continuously
the source of Fiqh do not give areal picture for the efforts which have been done for economic system of the taxes But it gives a special ideas about what must be done.
We conclude that verbs in terms of the number of letters divided into abstract and enlarged
There is no doubt that this topic has received more study and research than other analytical studies of contemporary poetry models, but many scholars did not stop at the limits of crystallizing the features of feminist poetic production, given its active role in building the features of the modern Arab literary entity.
تحتكم العملية البنائية في المنجز الخطي الى م6جموعة من العوامل والمتغيرات المترابطة بتسلسل منطقي، لتنتج رؤية موحدة لإنجاز عمل فني تتوافر فيه الابعاد الوظيفية والجمالية والتعبيرية، ففي بنائية النسق الفني ليس المهم هو العنصر بقدر أهمية نظام العلاقات الذي يجعل هذا العنصر البنائي ينسجم مع باقي العناصر، وبالتالي تبرز قيمته كونه داخل بنية تنطوي على ضبط مكوناتها بدقة، لتفضي الى تقديم منجز للمتلقي منبثق من رؤية فا
... Show Moreسبع مسائل في احسن الوسائل للسياسة العراقية
خصتظهر اعمال دنيس لفرتوف (1923-1997) ميلها بوضوح الى وصف القضايا الدينية، إذ تشير الصور الدينية في اعمالها اما الى قناعة عميقة بوجود اله،او انه مجرد وصف لعجائب عالم ماوراء الطبيعة ،بالرغم ةيرعشلااهتعومجمنالااةينيدلاتاراعشلانمريثكلايوحتاهلامعانانم"شموع في بابل" اخذت مسار اخر.حيث انها تعطي وصف و اضح الى الطريقة التي اتبعتها الشاعرة في رحلها الروحية الطويلة والتي تشبه رحلة الشاعر نوجبنيان في "رحلة الحاج"(1678 )في و
... Show Moreاهتم العرب بالجواهر والاحجار الكريمة منذ القدم وازداد هذا الاهتمام في حقب الترف والحضارة . ولم يقتصر استخدام الجواهر والاحجار على الطبقات الغنية كالخلفاء والامراء والوزراء بل شمل كل شرائح المجتمع الاخرى لان الاحجار
وظائف الدولة (في الفكر السياسي العربي الاسلامي)
From the above can be placed in a summary of the Iraqi personal to the subject in the context of urban family Integration: As personal so hard and durable organization to some extent on the nature of the individual temperament, his mind and his body structure Vhoalve determines the unique environment compatibility.
Valchksah not inherited However, the inherited components, building of the body of the individual and the way they complement each other and members of Trivhalta functions performed by temperament and preparations all in compliance with Vchksath become a product of the interaction between the possibility of nature and the environment.
From here we can say that the family a big role in the personal configuration,