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الاخطاء القاتلة التي يرتكبها المدراء
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تعلمنا في المدارس بأن ارتكاب الاخطاء شيء غير مقبول، وقد تهتز مكانتنا بسببها، وعندما نتخرج من معاهدنا وكلياتنا، ونحصل على شهاداتنا العلمية، وندخل عالم العمل يستمر كرهنا وامتعاظنا لها. وبناءاً على ذلك، نحاول بذل قصارى جهدنا لتحاشي الاخطاء مهما كانت بسيطة، وقد نقوم احياناً بإخفائها، او تحويل لوم وقوعها على الغير. ففي هذه الحالة، ندفع اثماناً باهضة لأخطانئا، وقد يصل الأمر الى خسارة وظائفنا لا بل حياتنا في بعض الاحيان. وبالمقابل يفترض ان نتعلم من اخطائنا، ونعترف بها صراحة، ونحددها، ونقوم قدر الإمكان بتصحيحها. هذه توطئة لتعريب مقالة Professor Russell L. Ackoff, Amajor mistake that manager make, Handbook of business strategy, 2006, pp. 225-227.

في عالم الاعمال، اذا ارتكبت الاخطاء ولم يتم تجاوز القانون بسببها، نلاحظ نادراً ما يتخذ أي اجراء رسمي تجاه مقترفيها، حتى عندما تعترف الشركات بحدوثها، ولكنها لا تقوم بالتحقيق في الموضوع بأسلوب نظامي مبني على الصراحة والصدق، لا بل يفترض ان تستخدم المنظمة العقوبات الصارمة بحق من تسبب الاضرار بها. ففي مثل هذه الحالات تكون قد خسرت تلك المنظمة فرصة التعلم من اخطائها، والاستفادة من الدروس المستخلصة منها، وبما يفيد اجيال العاملين فيها استنباط العبر وتطوير الذات.

لا يتعلم الشخص الذي يؤدي الاشياء بصورة صحيحة، لأنه يعرف مسبقاً كيف يعمل، وبالتالي يصبح في هذه الحالة تثبيت وتأكيد لتلك المعرفة السابقة، ولكنه على اية حال قد لم تتحقق له معرفة جديدة (New Knoweledge). اذن، فالحقيقة التي تؤكد هنا، بان المدارس عادة ما تهتم بالتعليم (Teaching) اكثر من التعلم (Learning) ولم يتضح لها مدى فشل طلبتها، في هذه الحالة بسبب اخفائها بشكل طبيعي، فيما اذا هم تعلموا من اخطائهم. وحالما يتم ترتيب الطلبة على اساس الدرجات او العلامات التي يحصلون عليها، وليس بالاعتماد على عدد الاخطاء التي وقعوا فيها. وهنا لم يحدث التعلم لأن المعلم يستعجل في اعطاء الدرس وتغطية المنهج الدراسي، ولم يعرف الطالب ما هي  اخطائه وطبيعتها وكيف يمكن مواجههتها، والاستفادة منها. فالمدارس بما فيها مدارس الاعمال لا تدري حقيقة بانه يوجد في الحياة نوعان من الاخطاء، هما:

  • اخطاء التكليف بالواجب (Errors of Commission): وهي عمل بعض الاشياء التي لا ينبغي تأديتها (Doing something that not have been done).
  • اخطاء اهمال الواجب (Errors of Ommision): وهي عدم اداء بعض الاشياء التي ينبغي عملها (No doing something that should have been done).

 

 

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