This research aims to clarify the concept of doctrinal rules and adjust its basic terminologies. It further aims to lay down a map for the method of rooting this science by mentioning its rooted sources, in addition to drawing a miniature picture of its history, origin, formation and development. The paper ends with practical models to highlight its importance in rooting the science of nodal rules and facilitating the mentioning of its scattered discussions in a short and comprehensive phrase. The study further illustrates the pioneering role of doctrinal rules science in managing the doctrinal disputes, combining multiple sayings, and in bringing together opposing opinions. The study follows the inductive, descriptive and analytical approach. The importance of the research topic lies in the fact that it tackles something that has not yet been widely examined. Thus, researching such a topic is considered a new thing due to the scarcity of what has been written on it, on the one hand. On the other hand, the topic is serious as it talks about the Contractual Rules, which have not gained sufficient research among the applicants. Besides, what has been so far written on the doctrinal rules is related to the chapters of the doctrine and its general discussions; a matter which is similar to Al-Ghazali’s rules of beliefs. No allocation was dedicated to its contractual aspect. Accordingly, the present research is one of the important building blocks of the doctrinal lesson, as it is related to inferencing the science of belief and collecting its dispersed discussions under general rules in an
The current research aims to highlight the role of social networking sites in the dissemination of scientific knowledge and the importance of their use by researchers, and the researcher relied on the descriptive approach and the survey method. Among the data collection tools are the questionnaire and paper and electronic sources. Among the most important results that the research came out with: The number of the subscribers’ sites was (14) sites, and the most used social sites for receiving and Disseminating Scientific knowledge are: Facebook, Telegram, WhatsApp, Viber, Messenger and YouTube. All respondents receive tacit knowledge (Exchange of Messages and News) through social networking sites, and few of them do not receive explicit kn
... Show MoreThe study of biomechanical indicators in the arc of the run and the upgrading stage is one of the important variables that affect the nature of the upgrading and thus affect the result of the race due to the importance of these stages and the consequent variables during the last steps. That’s why, the jump-trainings based on assistant means or body weight positively affect the step-time for each of the three steps in the acceleration arc. As well as, it focuses on the momentary strength of each step at this stage. It also significantly affects the speed of motor performance to suit the activity in which the runner needs to perform perfect steps with high flow in order to convert the horizontal speed to a vertical one. This is achieved thr
... Show MorePurpose: This research is to identify the most important challenges for the local investment commissions and to develop solutions and proposals to encourage local and foreign investment in local governments in Iraq (the Iraqi provinces are irregular in the region). Theoretical Framework: This research suggests a conceptual framework for the local investment commissions in order to solve their problems, the most important of which was to identify the most critical challenges which are facing the Baghdad Investment Commission BIC and how to overcome them. Design/The methodology approach: Research involved a mixed-methods approach through two stages. During the first stage, the researcher gathered quantitative data from all inves
... Show MoreMost of the world is seeking attention to the agricultural sector, which occupies a distinguished economic center, including Iraq, it is no wonder that the focus is on this sector, especially in developing countries. Descriptive analysis of the sample tables of wheat and barley crops in Iraq showed that adherence to the principles and rules of total quality, including modern irrigation methods (irrigated) has a significant impact in increasing productivity, reducing costs and improving quality compared to traditional irrigation methods, so it became necessary to take agricultural economic units All procedures and means that will help in the application of the rules of total quality to promote the reality of wheat and barley cultivation in I
... Show MoreUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and epithelial apoptosis. Nicardipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, but its therapeutic potential in UC remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of nicardipine on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, focusing on inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic pathways. Fifty BALB/c mice were assigned to five groups (n = 10): control, DSS, nicardipine 12 mg/kg, nicardipine 24 mg/kg, and 5-aminosalicylate (ASA) 75 mg/kg. Treatments were administered for 3 days before and 10 days during DSS exposure. Disease severity was assessed by bo
... Show MoreDyspepsia is a significant public health issue that affects the entire world population. In this work, we formulate and analyze a deterministic model for the population dynamics of Gut bacteria in the presence of antibiotics and Probiotic supplements. All the possible equilibria and their local stability are obtained. The global stability around the positive equilibrium point is established. Numerical simulations back up our analytical findings and show the temporal dynamics of gut microorganisms.
The main theme of this thesis could be divided into three objectives : The first is to define and classify integral equations with one and multiple delay, including Fredholm, Volterra and integro-differential equations (Retarded, Neutral and Mixed types). While the second and popular objective of this work is to study the inverse problems related to delay integral equations by using non-classical variational formulation method. Some examples are given for each of the discussed type of delay integral equations. Also, a study to the direct and inverse problems related to integral equations with multiple delay, also considered as a third objective. Several examples are given for each type of these equations. Finally, the suggested approach
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