In this paper, a new high-performance lossy compression technique based on DCT is proposed. The image is partitioned into blocks of a size of NxN (where N is multiple of 2), each block is categorized whether it is high frequency (uncorrelated block) or low frequency (correlated block) according to its spatial details, this done by calculating the energy of block by taking the absolute sum of differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) differences between pixels to determine the level of correlation by using a specified threshold value. The image blocks will be scanned and converted into 1D vectors using horizontal scan order. Then, 1D-DCT is applied for each vector to produce transform coefficients. The transformed coefficients will be quantized with different quantization values according to the energy of the block. Finally, an enhanced entropy encoder technique is applied to store the quantized coefficients. To test the level of compression, the quantitative measures of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and compression ratio (CR) is used to ensure the effectiveness of the suggested system. The PSNR values of the reconstructed images are taken between the intermediate range from 28dB to 40dB, the best attained compression gain on standard Lena image has been increased to be around (96.60 %). Also, the results were compared to those of the standard JPEG system utilized in the “ACDSee Ultimate 2020†software to evaluate the performance of the proposed system.
In this paper, we deal with games of fuzzy payoffs problem while there is uncertainty in data. We use the trapezoidal membership function to transform the data into fuzzy numbers and utilize the three different ranking function algorithms. Then we compare between these three ranking algorithms by using trapezoidal fuzzy numbers for the decision maker to get the best gains
The paper presents a neural synchronization into intensive study in order to address challenges preventing from adopting it as an alternative key exchange algorithm. The results obtained from the implementation of neural synchronization with this proposed system address two challenges: namely the verification of establishing the synchronization between the two neural networks, and the public initiation of the input vector for each party. Solutions are presented and mathematical model is developed and presented, and as this proposed system focuses on stream cipher; a system of LFSRs (linear feedback shift registers) has been used with a balanced memory to generate the key. The initializations of these LFSRs are neural weights after achiev
... Show MoreGypsum Plaster is an important building materials, and because of the availabilty of its raw materials. In this research the effect of various additives on the properties of plaster was studied , like Polyvinyl Acetate, Furfural, Fumed Silica at different rate of addition and two types of fibers, Carbon Fiber and Polypropylene Fiber to the plaster at a different volumetric rate. It was found that after analysis of the results the use of Furfural as an additive to plaster by 2.5% is the optimum ratio of addition to that it improved the flexural Strength by 3.18%.
When using Polyvinyl Acetate it was found that the ratio of the additive 2% is the optimum ratio of addition to the plaster, because it improved the value of the flexural stre
This research aimed to use eggshell powder as a lithtripsian for different types of urinary stones and determine the efficiency of these preparations against different types of stone. The grounded and sterilized eggshell was dissolved in fresh lemon juice .The treatment was orally given for successive 7 days before breakfast. Eighty five patients with different types of urinary stone were participated in this research. All patients were subjected to Ultrasonography and intravenous pyelography examinations to localize the position and detect diameter of the stone. The above examination and also biochemical tests for diagnosis of stones in
... Show MoreIn this paper we introduce a brief review about Box-Jenkins models. The acronym ARIMA stands for “autoregressive integrated moving averageâ€. It is a good method to forecast for stationary and non stationary time series. According to the data which obtained from Baghdad Water Authority, we are modelling two series, the first one about pure water consumption and the second about the number of participants. Then we determine an optimal model by depending on choosing minimum MSE as criterion.
Drilling fluid loss during drilling operation is undesirable, expensive and potentially hazardous problem.
Nasiriyah oil field is one of the Iraqi oil field that suffer from lost circulation problem. It is known that Dammam, um-Radoma, Tayarat, Shiranish and Hartha are the detecting layers of loss circulation problem. Different type of loss circulation materials (LCMs) ranging from granular, flakes and fibrous were used previously to treat this problem.
This study presents the application of rice as a lost circulation material that used to mitigate and stop the loss problem when partial or total losses occurred.
The experim
... Show MoreThis paper discusses the problem of decoding codeword in Reed- Muller Codes. We will use the Hadamard matrices as a method to decode codeword in Reed- Muller codes.In addition Reed- Muller Codes are defined and encoding matrices are discussed. Finally, a method of decoding is explained and an example is given to clarify this method, as well as, this method is compared with the classical method which is called Hamming distance.
Simulation experiments are a means of solving in many fields, and it is the process of designing a model of the real system in order to follow it and identify its behavior through certain models and formulas written according to a repeating software style with a number of iterations. The aim of this study is to build a model that deals with the behavior suffering from the state of (heteroskedasticity) by studying the models (APGARCH & NAGARCH) using (Gaussian) and (Non-Gaussian) distributions for different sample sizes (500,1000,1500,2000) through the stage of time series analysis (identification , estimation, diagnostic checking and prediction). The data was generated using the estimations of the parameters resulting f
... Show MoreIn this paper, the series solution is applied to solve third order fuzzy differential equations with a fuzzy initial value. The proposed method applies Taylor expansion in solving the system and the approximate solution of the problem which is calculated in the form of a rapid convergent series; some definitions and theorems are reviewed as a basis in solving fuzzy differential equations. An example is applied to illustrate the proposed technical accuracy. Also, a comparison between the obtained results is made, in addition to the application of the crisp solution, when theï€ ï¡-level equals one.