This dissertation depends on study of the topological structure in graph theory as well as introduce some concerning concepts, and generalization them into new topological spaces constructed using elements of graph. Thus, it is required presenting some theorems, propositions, and corollaries that are available in resources and proof which are not available. Moreover, studying some relationships between many concepts and examining their equivalence property like locally connectedness, convexity, intervals, and compactness. In addition, introducing the concepts of weaker separation axioms in α-topological spaces than the standard once like, α-feebly Hausdorff, α-feebly regular, and α-feebly normal and studying their properties. Furthermore, providing the necessary condition for α-feebly normality property to become hereditary. Also, using a new topological model for graphs are the edges represented as points which enables us to express in a topological language about combinatorial concepts. Moreover, showing that an α-connected orderable spaces are exactly α-topologized graphs. Finally, realizing the relationship between the α-topology on the vertex set and the once on the whole space by α-feebly regularity property.
Since the beginning of mankind, the view of the sky was present through observations with the naked eye, then it developed with time, and the sciences and tools of astronomical observations developed, including photometric measurements, which reached a high degree of accuracy in describing various cosmic phenomena, including the study of galaxies, their composition, and the differences between them, and from here the importance of this study emerged, to determine the differences between two distinct types of classification of galaxies, which are normal and barred spiral galaxies, where two galaxies NGC 4662 and NGC 2649 were chosen that represented certain types of galaxies to study the morphological structure of the two galaxies, a
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We introduce and discuss recent type of fibrewise topological spaces, namely fibrewise soft bitopological spaces. Also, we introduce the concepts of fibrewise closed soft bitopological spaces, fibrewise open soft bitopological spaces, fibrewise locally sliceable soft bitopological spaces and fibrewise locally sectionable soft bitopological spaces. Furthermore, we state and prove several propositions concerning these concepts.
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Throughout this paper we study the properties of the composition operator
C
p1 o
p2 o…o
pn induced by the composition of finite numbers of special
automorphisms of U,
pi (z) i
i
p z
1 p z
Such that pi U, i 1, 2, …, n, and discuss the relation between the product of
finite numbers of automorphic composition operators on Hardy space H2 and some
classes of operators.
Complex-valued regular functions that are normalized in the open unit disk are vastly studied. The current study introduces a new fractional integrodifferential (non-linear) operator. Based on the pre-Schwarzian derivative, certain appropriate stipulations on the parameters included in this con-structed operator to be univalent and bounded are investigated and determined.
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In this paper we study the notion of preradical on some subcategories of the category of semimodules and homomorphisms of semimodules.
Since some of the known preradicals on modules fail to satisfy the conditions of preradicals, if the category of modules was extended to semimodules, it is necessary to investigate some subcategories of semimodules, like the category of subtractive semimodules with homomorphisms and the category of subtractive semimodules with ҽҟ-regular homomorphisms.
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In this paper, a polymer-based composite material was prepared by hand Lay-up method consisting of epoxy resin as a base material reinforced by magnesium oxide powder once and silicon dioxide powder again and with different weight ratios (3, 6, 9 and 12) wt %. The three-point bending test was performed in normal conditions and after immersion in sulfuric acid. The results showed that the bending value decreased with the increase of the weighted ratio of the reinforcement material (MgO, SiO2). The Bending of samples reinforced by SiO2 was found to be less than the bending of samples reinforced by particles (MgO). For example, the bending of the SiO2 sample (0.32 mm) at the weighted ratio (3%) and for the MgO (0.18mm) sample at the weight
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This study introduces a series of single and pile group model tests subjected to lateral loads in . multilayered sand from Karbala, Iraq. The aim of this study is to investigate: the performance of the pile groups subjected to lateral loads; in which the pile batter inclination angle is changed; the effect of pile spacing (s/d) ratio, the influence of using different number of piles and pile group configuration. Results revealed that the performance of single negative (Reverse) Battered piles with inclination of 10° and 20° show a gain of 32% and 76 % in the ultimate lateral capacity over the regular ones. For pile groups, the use of a combination of regular, negative and positive battered piles in
... Show MoreThe theory of general topology view for continuous mappings is general version and is applied for topological graph theory. Separation axioms can be regard as tools for distinguishing objects in information systems. Rough theory is one of map the topology to uncertainty. The aim of this work is to presented graph, continuity, separation properties and rough set to put a new approaches for uncertainty. For the introduce of various levels of approximations, we introduce several levels of continuity and separation axioms on graphs in Gm-closure approximation spaces.
The platforms of social networking sites, with their distinctive communication and technological features, create a social movement that led to the establishment of a new pattern of communication in a modern context. This allows the users on the internet to carry out many social interactions based on the interests and commonalities among them. Algerian women have a share of this digital presence by representing their views and discussing their issues on several sites like Facebook, for example.
In this research, we have analyzed the pages of Algerian women on Facebook site to find out the most important issues addressed by Algerian women so that we can organize their concerns in the digital channels and discover their different orie
The aim of this paper is to generate topological structure on the power set of vertices of digraphs using new definition which is Gm-closure operator on out-linked of digraphs. Properties of this topological structure are studied and several examples are given. Also we give some new generalizations of some definitions in digraphs to the some known definitions in topology which are Ropen subgraph, α-open subgraph, pre-open subgraph, and β-open subgraph. Furthermore, we define and study the accuracy of these new generalizations on subgraps and paths.