Artificial lift techniques are a highly effective solution to aid the deterioration of the production especially for mature oil fields, gas lift is one of the oldest and most applied artificial lift methods especially for large oil fields, the gas that is required for injection is quite scarce and expensive resource, optimally allocating the injection rate in each well is a high importance task and not easily applicable. Conventional methods faced some major problems in solving this problem in a network with large number of wells, multi-constrains, multi-objectives, and limited amount of gas. This paper focuses on utilizing the Genetic Algorithm (GA) as a gas lift optimization algorithm to tackle the challenging task of optimally allocating the gas lift injection rate through numerical modeling and simulation studies to maximize the oil production of a Middle Eastern oil field with 20 production wells with limited amount of gas to be injected. The key objective of this study is to assess the performance of the wells of the field after applying gas lift as an artificial lift method and applying the genetic algorithm as an optimization algorithm while comparing the results of the network to the case of artificially lifted wells by utilizing ESP pumps to the network and to have a more accurate view on the practicability of applying the gas lift optimization technique. The comparison is based on different measures and sensitivity studies, reservoir pressure, and water cut sensitivity analysis are applied to allow the assessment of the performance of the wells in the network throughout the life of the field. To have a full and insight view an economic study and comparison was applied in this study to estimate the benefits of applying the gas lift method and the GA optimization technique while comparing the results to the case of the ESP pumps and the case of naturally flowing wells. The gas lift technique proved to have the ability to enhance the production of the oil field and the optimization process showed quite an enhancement in the task of maximizing the oil production rate while using the same amount of gas to be injected in the each well, the sensitivity analysis showed that the gas lift method is comparable to the other artificial lift method and it have an upper hand in handling the reservoir pressure reduction, and economically CAPEX of the gas lift were calculated to be able to assess the time to reach a profitable income by comparing the results of OPEX of gas lift the technique showed a profitable income higher than the cases of naturally flowing wells and the ESP pumps lifted wells. Additionally, the paper illustrated the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization model in a way that allowed it to be followed as a guide for the task of optimizing the gas injection rate for a network with a large number of wells and limited amount of gas to be injected.
The Korteweg-de Vries equation plays an important role in fluid physics and applied mathematics. This equation is a fundamental within study of shallow water waves. Since these equations arise in many applications and physical phenomena, it is officially showed that this equation has solitary waves as solutions, The Korteweg-de Vries equation is utilized to characterize a long waves travelling in channels. The goal of this paper is to construct the new effective frequent relation to resolve these problems where the semi analytic iterative technique presents new enforcement to solve Korteweg-de Vries equations. The distinctive feature of this method is, it can be utilized to get approximate solutions for travelling waves of
... Show MoreSurface modeling utilizing Bezier technique is one of the more important tool in computer aided geometric design (CAD). The aim of this work is to design and implement multi-patches Bezier free-form surface. The technique has an effective contribution in technology domains and in ships, aircrafts, and cars industry, moreover for its wide utilization in making the molds. This work is includes the synthesis of these patches in a method that is allow the participation of these control point for the merge of the patches, and the confluence of patches at similar degree sides due to degree variation per patch. The model has been implemented to represent the surface. The interior data of the desired surfaces designed by M
... Show MoreThis paper derives the EDITRK4 technique, which is an exponentially fitted diagonally implicit RK method for solving ODEs . This approach is intended to integrate exactly initial value problems (IVPs), their solutions consist of linear combinations of the group functions and for exponentially fitting problems, with being the problem’s major frequency utilized to improve the precision of the method. The modified method EDITRK4 is a new three-stage fourth-order exponentially-fitted diagonally implicit approach for solving IVPs with functions that are exponential as solutions. Different forms of -order ODEs must be derived using the modified system, and when the same issue is reduced to a framework of equations that can be sol
... Show MoreThe aim of this research is to design and construct a
semiconductor laser range finder operating in the near infrared range
for ranging and designation. The main part of the range finder is the
transmitter which is a semiconductor laser type GaAs of wavelength
0.904 μm with a beam expander and the receiver; a silicon pin
detector biased to approve the fast response time with it's collecting
optics. The transmitters pulse width was 200ns at a threshold current
of 10 Ampere and maximum operating current of 38 Ampere. The
repetition rate was set at 660Hz and the maximum operating output
power was around 1 watt. The divergence of the beam was 0.268o
the efficiency of the laser was 0.03% at a duty cycle of 1.32x
In wireless broadband communications using single-carrier interleave division multiple access (SC-IDMA) systems, efficient multiuser detection (MUD) classes that make use of joint hybrid decision feedback equalization (HDFE)/ frequency decision-feedback equalization (FDFE) and interference cancellation (IC) techniques, are proposed in conjunction with channel coding to deal with several users accessing the multipath fading channels. In FDFE-IDMA, the feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) filtering operations of FDFE, which use to remove intersymbol interference (ISI), are implemented by Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs), while in HDFE-IDMA the only FF filter is implemented by FFTs. Further, the parameters involved in the FDFE/
... Show MoreIn this paper, we consider a new approach to solve type of partial differential equation by using coupled Laplace transformation with decomposition method to find the exact solution for non–linear non–homogenous equation with initial conditions. The reliability for suggested approach illustrated by solving model equations such as second order linear and nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation. The application results show the efficiency and ability for suggested approach.
In this article, the nonlinear problem of Jeffery-Hamel flow has been solved analytically and numerically by using reliable iterative and numerical methods. The approximate solutions obtained by using the Daftardar-Jafari method namely (DJM), Temimi-Ansari method namely (TAM) and Banach contraction method namely (BCM). The obtained solutions are discussed numerically, in comparison with other numerical solutions obtained from the fourth order Runge-Kutta (RK4), Euler and previous analytic methods available in literature. In addition, the convergence of the proposed methods is given based on the Banach fixed point theorem. The results reveal that the presented methods are reliable, effective and applicable to solve other nonlinear problems.
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