A field experiments were carried out at the Abu- Graib Research Station - Office of Agricultural Research  Ministry of Agriculture , to investigate effect of moisture deletion for some traits of selected wheat genotypes , during 2014-2015, which depend to the long term of breeding program (2008-2014) . The 9^th selected genotypes and the control variety IPA 99 were evaluated using split plot arrangement within RCBD and three replications. The main plots included four moisture depletion (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) of available water while, genotypes occupied sub plots .The results revealed significant differences among depletion, genotypes and their interaction of all studied traits. Moisture depletion 20% , showed the

The aim of this study is detection of salt tolerant gene (TaST) selected wheat genotypes for salt tolerance  (1H, 2H , 3H) through plant breeding program as compared with local cultivars (sensitive)  under salinity condition. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (q-RT-PCR) was used to detect TaST salt tolerant gene in these selected genotypes. Also chlorophyll and organic compounds contents were estimated in the upper leaves of the selected genotypes and local cultivars. Results of the PCR showed that the gene band of TaST appeared only in the selected genotypes with length 175bp at both salinity conditions, while this band absent in the local cultivars, (sensitive) (Iraq and latefyi), also

Aim of  this studty  to identify the risk  of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-10 promoter variants -1082A/G  associated with Chlamydia trachomatis and tubal factor infertility.  Out of 100  women were attending different hospitals in Baghdad  included the Gynaecology Departments of Women Health Center at Al-Elwyia Obstetrics Hospital, Ibn Al balady Maternity and Children's Hospital , Kamal al-Samarrai hospital Fertility Center infertility treatment and In Vitro Fertilization ( IVF )  (20 control and 80 women with infertility) with an age range of 16-40 years

This study was carried out to assess impacts of industrial activities on environmental quality in Bazian cement factory, Sulaimani. Environmental impact of factory was carried out from September 2015 to August 2016  at studied area located at north west of city with coordinates of 35º36'242"- 045º04'470".Pollutant particles can have as consequence reduction of biodiversity and quality of water, soil and whole ecosystems. Especially, cement dust can be emitted at every stage of cement production which affects on photosynthetic process, leaf stomata, discoloration, enzymatic malfunction, growth reduction and productivity of plants. In this study, water, soil, air and three plants (Platycladus orientalis<

The research aimed at estimating the production function and the total cost function, as well as calculating the efficiency of resource use, technical, economic, price and cost efficiency. The research was based primarily on a simple random sample of 115 farmers in Baghdad governorate for the spring season 2016.The finding of the study reveal that the optimal size of production and the size of production that maximize profit reached about 98.6512, 112.8316 tons respectively. Technical, economic and price efficiencies were estimated at (61.8588, 61.8585, 90.479)% consequently, while cost efficiency was estimated at 0.66720, and the net farm income that achieved over all the sample less about 3726.9726 thousand din

Since the establishment of the global monetary system, economic relations have been intertwined as well as the high rates of trade and the multiplicity of currencies traded as the economies of the world are linked to each other in such a way that monetary policies applied in certain countries affect the economic policies of other countries. The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of foreign agricultural trade and some macroeconomic variables on the behavior of exchange rate whose effect is reflected on the structure of foreign agricultural trade. To fulfill paper requirement data were collected from secondary sources and one source was depended in collecting data which is ministry of planning – central statisti

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of explant and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) on the production  of monoterpeniods compounds in the callus of Nigella sativa. The explant type had a significant effect on callus induction from the hypocotyl giving a significant increase on fresh and dry weight of 282.8 and 25.25 mg. respectively. as well, as the production of the borneol compound at 26.70 µg.100mg^-1 dry weight.The callus inducted from the cotyledon has a significant increase of the thujone, α-pinene, camphene and carvacrol c

This research was carried out on 51 local raised in three local cow herds in Erbil plain, for the period from 2016 to 2017.  To estimate the most probable producing ability (MPPA) of cows and to study the effect of non-genetic factors affecting on daily milk production (DMP) and to estimate the repeatability for (DMP). The most probable producing ability (MPPA) of local cows was calculated by using the test day records and then the animals were ranked based on their MPPA values. Cow number 1237 inquired the highest value of MPPA (16.91 kg) for DMP among all tested cows in the three flocks. The overall mean for the (DMP) was 11.85 kg. The results of current study revealed tha

This study was conducted to detect the contamination in the local and imported table eggs, and the comparison between them of contamination.  Samples were collected from local markets   taking 60 samples of both types (30 local eggs and 30 imported eggs) these samples were sent to a laboratory of microbiology / College of Veterinary Medicine / University of Baghdad .then taking swabs from the   different of eggs shells samples for both types (local and imported eggs) then bot swabs in nutrient broth to be grown bacteria in the nutrient broth). (After that samples were taken from the nutrient broth) and then cultured in the (nutrient agar, macconky agar). The results showed the presence of

This experiment was carried out during two seasons; the first season 2016 included the planting of cucumber seeds from different global origins, which symbolized P1 and P2-P10 in a plastic house with (506 m²) area, at Yusufiya – Baghdad to produce hybrids. During Spring season 2017 the genotypes seeds  were planted (10 parents and 27 single cross hybrids with codes F1 and F2-F27 and three common commercial control hybrids with codes C1, C2 and C3) according RCBD design with three replicates, The genotype P5 was superior in the branches number per plant (9.67) and  number of leaves per plant (220.33) as well as in total yield of experimental unit 18.03 kg, The hybrid F17 (P5×P9) took lowest number of days n

A  field experiment was conducted using split – split block design to study the effect of irrigation water quality ,organic composts ,kinetin and Bio- health application on N.P.K contents and anti-oxidant enzymes activity  in lettuce, The experiment included three factors ,quality of irrigation water (W) at two levels (1.2, 6.1 dS m-1 ), kind of organic composts Plam fronds and Rice wastes(20)  ton /hectare , kinetin application (50 mg.L-1)  and bio-health fertilizers (5 kg/ hectare). The results indicated that elevation of water salinity levels led to elevation in activity of  Peroxidase POX , Catalase CAT, Malondialdehyde MDA, Superoxide dismutase SOD enzymes and prol

Solid waste of heavy water treatment stations is used in agriculture as a fertilizer. This practice may transfer polluted chemicals to human food chain. In this research study, nine heavy metals ( Pb, Co, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, As and Sb ) were studied in solid waste from main waste water treatment station in Baghdad/Alrusafa city by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) technique. Eight samples were chosen carefully during the period of  October 2016 to June 2017. The presented data showed that five of the studied metals have higher concentration as compared to others. The highly concentrated metals were [Pb (282.95), Zn (274.73), Cu (170.67), Ni (91.41), Co (29.45)], the concentration was measured in mg/kg. While [Cd (3.

The objective of this study to calculate means of oocysts in feces natural infected sheep. A total of 150 sheep fecal samples collected from different regions of Baghdad province(AL-Sholla , AL-Horia, AL-Taji, and Abo-Grab)-Iraq, during the period from the beginning of January to the end ofMay 2016. Three laboratory methods(modified acid fast stain, sheather᾿s sugar solutionand calculation of oocysts in feces of infected animals by haemocytometer) were used for diagnosis of Cryptosporidial oocysts and study the shedding rate of oocysts from infected male and female(pregnant and non pregnant)animals. The total infection rate was 44.66%(67/150), and the highest i

The objective of this research was to study the chemical composition and functional properties of flour and protein isolate from mung bean by isoelectric precipitation. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrate were 5.88%,  24.52%, 1.24%, 3.33%, 5.22% and 59.81%  for flour and 2.48%, 83.70%, 0.24%, 2.48%, 0.52% and 10.58%  for  isolated protein  respectively. The results of functional properties revealed an increase in solubility rates by increasing the pH values of both flour and isolated protein, the mung bean flour showed higher solubility than protein isolate. The foam capacity of flour was higher than that of protein isolate, however foam stability for protein isolate reached 23.53%,&

The aim of this research is studying the affecting factors in net farm income via using panel data models .To achieving requirements of the study we collected the data randomly from 41 farmers in al-maden district – province of Baghdad.To all production activities in farm in 2015 and 2016. We used eviews 6 program and GLS method, we used OLS to estimate three models were net agricultural income was dependent variable and each of the area, costs, value of animal production and value of assets were independent variables, according to LM test and hausman test, the random effects model was the best of the estimating models which confirm that increasing the assets, area and cost by 1% will increase net agricultural income by (0.049,

Wheat is one of the most important cereals, occupying a discrete economic position worldwide as a main source for human nutrition due to its content of essential nutrients. Therefore, wheat has a strategic trait in international economic relationships, and most developing countries, including Iraq, are seeking for achieving self-sufficiency from this crop. This study aimed to estimate the profit and cost functions as well as economic, price, cost, and technical efficiencies beside the other economic indices at actual, optimal and profit-maximizing production of wheat. A random sample of 45 wheat farms in Nejaf province was selected during the agricultural season 2016. From efficiency scales of profit function, it was shown that t

Twenty fungal isolates have been isolated  from different sources, soils( Some of them were contaminated with mineral oils)  wheat, rice bran and rotting sesame seeds. Five isolates contained several  highly lipidic particles. The highest lipid amount (5.95 g/L) was obtained from Mucor sp. that isolated from soil which was contaminated with mineral oils and the oil yield was 50% of biomass. The results indicated that all carbon resources gave more than 20% lipid. The best carbon source for lipid production was Glucose and then Xylose which gave 50% and 46% oil respectively. The best sources of nitrogen were yeast extract and  NH₄Cl which we

The aim of this research was to study the effect of adding green tea extract (GTE) on the mechanical, oxygen permeability, water vapor permeability and antioxidant properties of whey protein isolate edible films. Edible films incorporated with the alcoholic extract of green tea showed high antioxidant activity as compared with the standard antioxidant BHA (Butylated hydroxyl anisole), The scavenging values of the film with GTE and the control film were 65.22% and 9.5%, respectively. The mechanical tests, revealed a decreasing in thickness in the control film which was formed without GTE from 181 μm to 169 μm. The tensile strength has been reduced in the film to 7.87 MPa where it was in the control sample 8

 In this study, the effect of humidity on the diffusion coefficient of radon gas and the diffusion length was studied  in different soils .We have used a modern device( SARAD German-made)was used to calculate the concentration of radon in different degrees of humidity and temperature. After linking it to the exposure system for radon, which was made by the researchers ,results obtained for soil indicated to a great agreement between the theoretical(predicted) and practical (measured) values ​​of the results of this study. ​​The study also indicated that diffusion coefficient decreased at slightly increasing of humidity by (10% -60%) of the diffu

The calculations of gross domestic product (GDP) show the contribution of each sector, whether Service fully or productively, to the formation of the national income.The agricultural sector is an important sector, although it did not take the lead in the composition of GDP because of the large contribution of the oil sector, especially in recent years, which witnessed the return of Iraq to the international oil market. The research aimed to measure the impact of some economic variables in agricultural GDP and analyze the role that these variables can play on the growth of this output, which can promote growth in the Iraqi agricultural sector. The research was bas

Investments in ownership of agricultural machinery services and access to them, especially for small-scale farmers, may not be the minimum cost option in comparison with hiring these required services through oral or written agricultural hire contracts. The main objective of this research is to test whether the custom hiring status of agricultural machinery services is better for selected sample in comparison with the other potential alternatives. The theoretical framework based on the financial approach of engineering costs analysis of agricultural machineries services, to calculate discounted cash flows. The data were collected by using cross- section data in rice production farms in Alnajaf Al-ashraf province during 2015 farmi

The artificial silk (Rayon) was produced from the fronds of date palms which was taken from date palm trees (type Al-Zahdi) from the Iraqi gardens. Two main parts of the frond, namely leaves and stalks were used in this study to produce rayon. The palm fronds were converted into a powder of 90-180 micrometers. Major steps were used to produce rayon; delignification, bleaching and finally dissolution. Modified organosolv method which uses organic solvent method was applied to remove high lignin content. Three variables were studied in the delignification process: temperature, the ratio of ethanol to water and digestion time. The results

The study was carried out  using full diallel cross between six inbred lines of maize, parents and their F₁ including reciprocals were planted in 19^th march 2014 at field of agriculture college, Duhok University. All treatments arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to estimate the general and specific combining ability of maize traits in single cross hybrids. According to the mean square values of The results showed that the general combining ability, specific combining ability, and reciprocal combining ability, the general combining ability exhibited significant variance for all traits except days to 75% tasseling and number of kernels row^-1, whereas, sp

 A field experiment was conducted at the fields of Agriculture College , Anbar University, (alternative site Abu Ghraib) during  spring and fall seasons of 2017, to study the effect of soil and foliar application of potassium (140 kg.ha^-1, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg-L^-1) on growth and yield of three varieties of sorghum (Lelo, Inkath and Ishtar), The experiment was carried out according to the design of  (R.C.B.D) and in order of the split arrangement with three replicates.  Results shows, the cultivar Ishtar was superior in most studied characters such as plant height and leaf area ​​148.67, 152.25 cm, 5210, 4767 cm².plant^-1, in two seasons, respectively. The same cu

This study was carried out during 2017, at the factory of shelling corn grains at Al-musayyib /Babylon governorate. The objective of this study was to evaluate some technical indicators of the locally modified sheller for corn grain by using sheller machine locally modified with different peripheral speed of shelling cylinder 900, 1100 and 1300 m/min, different clearance between shelling cylinder and concave 23 and 28 mm on some the properties, such as sheller productivity, quality productivity, power consumption and unshelled grains. This research was done by applying the split plot design experiment within RCBD using four replicates. The results showed the following: clearance between shelling cylinder and concave 28 mm indicat

The endosperm in cereals supplies nutrients to the developing kernel and seedling, and it is the primary tissue that gene imprinting occurs. Developing maize (Zea mays L.) endosperms were analysed for allelic gene expression in both reciprocal crosses of inbreds B73 and Mo17. A high-throughput transcriptome sequencing in kernels at 0, 3 up to 15 DAP of both reciprocals were performed, and found a gradual increased paternal transcript expression in 3 and 5 DAP kernels. Meanwhile, in 7 DAP endosperm, most of genes tested gave the ratio 2:1 maternal: paternal, suggesting that paternal genes are almost fully activated at 7 DAP. There were 300 PEGs and 499 MEGs identified across endosperm development stages. A 63 genes out of

This study was conducted in Diyala governorate/Iraq during wintering period of the sunn pest from Dece. 2016 to Feb. 2017. Three species of sunn pest was diagnostic. These species are Eurygaster integriceps (Puoton, 1881), E. testudinaria (Geoffory, 1785) and E .maura (len.1758).E .maura  was new species recorded to Iraq funna .E. integriceps is The most abundance of the three species hibernated  in the fields of the four region of Diyala governorate. The results showed that the three species of genus Eurygaster which diagnostic in Diyala governorate were overwintered as an adults under bushes ,dead leaves

Acetamiprid is one of the most wide used insecticides over the entire world. Three acetamiprid concentrations, the dependence one (200 ppm) and two other high concentrations (300 and 400 ppm) were used to treated tomato fruits at the final stage of ripening. A daily samples up to 15 days, were examined for their acetamiprid residues. The maximum migration of acetamiprid (systemic) into tomato fruit was observed after three days (1.7, 1.89 and 2.27ppm) of spraying by 200, 300, and 400 ppm. After 7 days of application, the acetamiprid residues are more than five-fold of the Maximum Residue Limit (acetamiprid MRL=0.2 mg/kg). Four groups of male mice (each of 10, control and three treatments) were used to study the effects of acetami

A field experiment was conducted during autumn season 2017 at Al-Saqlawia, far about 50km north-west of Baghdad/Iraq, aimed to a periodic evaluation for drip irrigation system to obtain best values of the suggested standards. The experiment included two factors; first, emitters' discharge (d) at two levels using emitters with 4Lh^-1 design discharge (d₄) and emitters with 8Lh^-1 design discharge (d₈). While the second factor; operational pressure at three levels, first level, operational pressure 0.5 bar(P₁), second, operational pressure 0.7 bar(P₂), and the last, operational pressure 1.0 bar (P₃), the experiment was designed according to randomized comple

The objective of this study to estimate  the Radiation Use Efficiency  under effect of three levels of nitrogen (N₁ = 80 Kg N ha^-1,  N₂ =120 Kg  N ha^-1, and   N₃=160 Kg N ha^-1) for a set of maize hybrids include (Gloria, Market, Cruze and Draxma) in two different seasons in spring and fall  of 2017 in Qlyasn-Sulaimani. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with three replicates . The results revealed higher intensity of PAR in autumn season than that of spring (15.672 and 10.555)MJm^-2d^-1  respectively that led to higher RUE in autumn revealing (4.311,3.546