This study employs an integrated research model to examine the syntax properties of the historic urban network in older Baghdad, explaining how spatial configurations affect urban functions and land use. The relationship between the street network and land use pattern is again the focus for architects and urban planners trying to revitalize historic urban cores. In this research, a multi-method approach is used, incorporating GIS, space syntax analysis, statistical correlations, and site observations, to systematically analyze the syntactic properties of the street network in Old Rusafa. The examination was conducted within a 400m radius of Old Rusafa's historic urban fabric to analyze the syntactic processes that govern

تناول البحث التعريف بالقانون الدولي والداخلي واتجاهاته في المبحث الأول وفي الثاني تناول البحث نظريات القانونين وفي الثالث موقف القانون الدولي من النظام القانوني العراقي والأردني.

قسمت المبحث الأول الى مطلبين: الأول عرفت القانون الدولي العام باعتباره فرع من فروع علم القانون وكيفية اختلف العلماء في تسمية هذا القانون ومنهم من اطلق عليه (الأمم) ومنهم من اسماه (قانون الشعوب) وبينت اتجاهاته والتي هي الاتجاه

Often the greatest source of heat gain is the solar radiation entering through
windows. Heat is then trapped in; because of the "greenhouse effect" shading the
windows is one of the most effective method within the reach of the architect for
reducing this heat gain. This is nowhere more necessary than in a country like the U.A.E.
but we find the architects here often ignoring this important environmental aspect of
design. This is partly due to the lack of relevant local meteorological data plus the
complexity of the procedure involved ;and partly due to the misconception that such
aspect looses much of its significance when the building is air conditioned .
The aim of this paper is to simplify the

يعد تأخر تنفيذ المشاريع الاستثمارية الحكومية من أبرز التحديات التي تواجه التنمية في العراق، رغم وجود تعليمات تنفيذ العقود الحكومية رقم (2) لسنة 2014. إذ تتكرر حالات التأخر بشكل ينعكس سلبًا على الاقتصاد الوطني ويُفقد الدولة فرصًا استثمارية مهمة. يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل الأسباب القانونية والإدارية التي تقف وراء هذا التأخر، مع التركيز على الجوانب التطبيقية من خلال دراسة نماذج واقعية مستندة إلى تقارير رقابية رس

Drip irrigation is one of the conservative irrigation techniques since it implies supplying water directly on the soil through the emitter; it can supply water and fertilizer directly into the root zone. An equation to estimate the wetted area in unsaturated soil is taking into calculating the water absorption by roots is simulated numerically using HYDRUS (2D/3D) software. In this paper, HYDRUS comprises analytical types of the estimate of different soil hydraulic properties. Used one soil type, sandy loam, with three types of crops; (corn, tomato, and sweet sorghum), different drip discharge, different initial soil moisture content was assumed, and different time durations. The relative error for the different hydrauli

This manuscript investigated the effect of anchorage CFRP wrapping sheets, bolts, and laminate interlock on increasing the efficiency of flexural strengthening for the post-tension girder using CFRP composites techniques longitudinal laminates at the soffit for partially damaged loss of about 14.3% from its area of prestressed concrete beams, and the impact on restoring the original flexural capacity of PC girder. Mitigating delamination of the soffit of horizontal laminates (CFRP). The texture of the laminate and anchorages influenced the stress of the laminate carbon fiber, the mode of crack propagation and failure, and consequently, the beam's attitude has been investigated in this manuscript. The experimental findi

The current research deals with practical studies that explain to the Iraqi consumer multiple instances about the phenomenon of water hammer which occur in the water pipeline operating with pressure. It concern a practical study of the characteristics of this phenomenon and economically harmful to the consumer the same time. Multiple pipe fittings are used aimed to reduce this phenomenon and its work as alternatives to the manufactured arresters that used to avoid water hammer in the sanitary installations, while the consumer did not have any knowledge as to the non-traded for many reasons, including the water pressure decreases in the networks and the use of consumer pumps to draw water directly from the network. Study found a number of

لم تعد الخبرة الوسيلة الوحيدة المستخدمة في الإجراءات القضائية. فهناك الكثير من ادلة الاثبات التي يستعين بها القاضي الاداري مثل المعاينة والشهادة ، غير أن الواقع العملي يبين أن القاضي لا يلجأ إليهما إلا نادراً على الرغم من سرعتهما ومن كلفتهما البسيطة. وللبحث في موضوع الخبرة أهمية كبيرة من الناحية القانونية وذلك لأن لها دور هام في الإثبات لا يقل أهمية عن دورها في مد العون والمساعدة للقاضي، وحيث إن لها دور مهم

ان الجرائم الإرهابية تمس أساساً حياة الإنسان في سلامة الجسم والحق في حماية الملكية؛ وحقوق اخرى؛ الامر الذي يتطلب اتخاذ اجراءات سريعة وفورية لتوفير الحماية الجنائية لضحايا تلك الجريمة؛ وتبدأ هذه الاجراءات من لحظة انتهاء الجريمة ومن هنا كانت الانطلاقة في محاولة لم الشتات لأجل تسليط الضوء على الحقوق التي يتمتع بها ضحايا الجريمه الإرهابيه منذ لحظة ارتكابها ولغاية تنفيذ القصاص العادل  لذلك فان البحث في حقو

In this study, the response and behavior of machine foundations resting on dry and saturated sand was investigated experimentally. A physical model was manufactured to simulate steady state harmonic load at different operating frequencies. The effect of relative density, depth of embedment, foundation area as well as the imposed harmonic load was investigated. It was found that the amplitude of displacement of the foundation increases with increasing the amplitude of dynamic force and operating frequency meanwhile it decreases with increasing the relative density of sand, degree of saturation, depth of embedment and contact area of footing. The maximum displacement was noticed at 33.34 to 41.67 Hz. The maximum displaceme

    يعد حق الملكية من ابرز واهم الحقوق الجوهرية التي يتمتع بها الفرد سواء كان الوطني ام الاجنبي فكلاهما لهم ملكيتهم خاصة لا يجوز المساس بها الا لمقتضيات التنمية الاقتصادية للبلد او ما يعرف بالمنفعة العامة ، ولم يحدد المشرع العراقي المقصود بنزع الاستثمارات الاجنبية ، لهذا فقد تبينت بيان مفهومها بعضا من الاتفاقيات الدولية الثنائية (BITS) كما تولت تحديد شروطها وطرقها ، حيث يتم نزع ممتلكات الاجان

This research is concerned to investigate the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips. The experimental part of this research is carried out by testing seven RC deep beams having the same dimensions and steel reinforcement which have been divided into two groups according to the strengthening schemes. Group one was consisted of three deep beams strengthened with vertical U-wrapped CFRP strips. While, Group two was consisted of three deep beams strengthened with inclined CFRP strips oriented by 45^o with the longitudinal axis of the beam. The remaining beam is kept unstrengthening as a reference beam. For each group, the variable considered

إن البيئة بجوانبها المتعددة مركز الاهتمام الدولي ذلك كونها تشكل تراثاً مشتركاً للإنسانية جمعاء، كما أصبحت تمثل القاسم المشترك بالنسبة لمختلف القضايا والمشاكل ذات الطابع الاقتصادي والاجتماعية والثقافية، ونظراً لتطور القانون الدولي العام، فقد ظهرت مفاهيم جديدة لم تكن ملحوظة من قبل كمفهوم حقوق الأجيال القادمة، إذ يرتبط هذا المفهوم، ارتباطاً وثيقاً بحماية البيئة، والواقع في مجال القانون البيئي، فإن فكرة ح

This research is focusing on finding more effective polymers that leads to enhance the rheological properties of Water Base Muds. The experiments are done for different types of mud for all substances which are Polyacrylamide, Xanthan gum, CMC (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose). This study shows the effect of add polymer to red bentonite mud, effect of add polymer to Iraqi bentonite mud, the effect of add bentonite to polymer mud. The mud properties of Iraqi bentonite blank are enhanced after adding the polymers to the blank mix, CMC gives the highest value of plastic viscosity and Gel strength than others; X-anthan gives the highest value of yield point and gel strength than others. For the red bentonite mud, Polyacrylamide ha

The most efficient nozzle is generally considered to be that for which the discharge coefficient is nearly unity. Nozzle dimensions influence the discharge coefficient. In sprinkler irrigation systems there are many types of nozzles because any sprinkler irrigation system has special one depend on these system characteristics, so the discharge coefficient relation with nozzle dimensions must be known to the sprinkler irrigation system designer. A computer program for nozzle flow characteristic was built and the relation between the discharge coefficient (C) and the nozzle geometrical dimensions to reach to the best nozzle design was studied. The finite -lifference approach was introduced to carryout all computations with special grid arr

This paper investigates the experimental response of composite reinforced concrete with GFRP and steel I-sections under limited cycles of repeated load. The practical work included testing four beams. A reference beam, two composite beams with pultruded GFRP I-sections, and a composite beam with a steel I-beam were subjected to repeated loading. The repeated loading test started by loading gradually up to a maximum of 75% of the ultimate static failure load for five loading and unloading cycles. After that, the specimens were reloaded gradually until failure. All test specimens were tested under a three-point load. Experimental results showed that the ductility index increased for the composite beams relative to the refe

Due to severe scouring, many bridges failed worldwide. Therefore, the safety of the existing bridge (after contrition) mainly depends on the continuous monitoring of local scour at the substructure. However, the bridge's safety before construction mainly depends on the consideration of local scour estimation at the bridge substructure. Estimating the local scour at the bridge piers is usually done using the available formulae. Almost all the formulae used in estimating local scour at the bridge piers were derived from laboratory data. It is essential to test the performance of proposed local scour formulae using field data. In this study, the performance of selected bridge scours estimation formulae was validated and sta

This study investigates the influence of asymmetric involute teeth profiles for helical gears on the bending stress. Theoretically, bending stress has been estimated in spur involute gears which have symmetric teeth profile by based on the Lewis, 1892 equation. Later, this equation is developed by, Abdullah, 2012. to determine the effect of an asymmetric tooth profile for the spur gear on the bending stress. And then these equations are applied with stress concentration factor once for symmetric and once other for asymmetric teeth profile. In this paper, the bending stresses for various types of helical gear with various types of asymmetric teeth profile are calculated numerically for defined the stress concentration fac

In this paper, numerical and experimental studies on the elastic behavior of glass fiber reinforced ‎polymer (GFRP) with stiffeners in the GFRP section's web (to prevent local buckling) are presented. ‎The GFRP profiles‎ were connected to the concrete deck slab by shear connectors. Two full-scale simply supported ‎composite beams (with and without stiffeners) were tested under impact load (three-point load) to ‎assess its structural response. The results ‎proved that the maximum impact force, maximum ‎deflection, damping time, and ‎damping ratio of the composite beam were affected by the GFRP ‎stiffeners‎. The experimental results indicated that the damping ratio and deflection were diminished compare

يعد شبه العقد أحد النظم القانونية الراسخة في قانون الأحكام العام الإنكليزي ذو الأصل العرفي غير المكتوب، والمبني على السوابق القضائية للمحاكم الإنكليزية. وجدير بالذكر فقد وقد مر تأصيل الأساس القانوني لشبه العقد في القانون الانكليزي بمرحلتين مختلفتين، فقد إتجه القضاء الانكليزي، تؤيده بعض الآراء الفقهية، في المرحلة الأولى إلى عد شبه العقد كعقد ضمني من صنع القضاء، لتلافي غياب الإتفاق الصريح بين الطرفين، ولم

In this paper, an adaptive integral Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is employed to control the speed of Three-Phase Induction Motor. The strategy used is the field oriented control as ac drive system. The SMC is used to estimate the frequency that required to generates three phase voltage of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) invertor . When the SMC is used with current controller, the quadratic component of stator current is estimated by the controller. Instead of using current controller, this paper proposed estimating the frequency of stator voltage since that the slip speed is function of the quadratic current . The simulation results of using the SMC showed that a good dynamic response can be obtained under load

Partial shading is one of the problems that affects the power production and the efficiency of photovoltaic module. A series of experimental work have been done of partial shading of   monocrystalline PV module; 50W, I_sc: 3.1A, V_oc: 22V with 36 cells in series is achieved. Non-linear power output responses of the module are observed by applying various cases of partial shading (vertical and horizontal shading of solar cells in the module). Shading a single cell (corner cell) has the greatest impact on output energy. Horizontal shading or vertical shading reduced the power from 41W to 18W at constant solar radiation 1000W/m² and steady state condition. Vertical blocking a column

This research presents a model for surveying networks configuration which is designed and called a Computerized Integrated System for Triangulation Network Modeling (CISTNM). It focuses on the strength of figure as a concept then on estimating the relative error (RE) for the computed side (base line) triangulation element. The CISTNM can compute the maximum elevations of the highest
obstacles of the line of sight, the observational signal tower height, the contribution of each triangulation station with their intervisibility test and analysis. The model is characterized by the flexibility to select either a single figure or a combined figures network option. Each option includes three other implicit options such as: triangles, quadri

In this study, a 3 mm thickness 7075-T6 aluminium alloy sheet was used in the friction stir welding process. Using the design of experiment to reduce the number of experiments and to obtain the optimum friction stir welding parameters by utilizing Taguchi technique based on the ultimate tensile test results. Orthogonal array of L9 (3³) was used based on three numbers of the parameters and three levels for each parameter, where shoulder-workpiece interference depth (0.20, 0.25, and 0.3) mm, pin geometry (cylindrical thread flat end, cylindrical thread with 3 flat round end, cylindrical thread round end), and thread pitch (0.8, 1, and 1.2) mm) this technique executed by Minitab 17 software. The results showed th

This paper deals with finite element modeling of the ultimate load behavior of double skin composite (DSC) slabs. In a DSC slab, shear connectors in the form of nut bolt technique studs are used to transfer shear between the outer skin made of steel plates and the concrete core. The current study is based on finite element analysis using ANSYS Version 11 APDL release computer program. Experimental programmes were carried out by the others, two simply supported DSC beams were tested until failure under a concentrated load applied at the center. These test specimens were analyzed by the finite element method and the analyses have shown that these slabs displayed a high degree of flexural characteristics, ultimate strength,

An experimental and theoretical works were carried out to model the wire condenser in the domestic refrigerator by calculating the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop and finding the optimum performance. The two methods were used for calculation, zone method, and an integral method. The work was conducted by using two wire condensers with equal length but different in tube diameters, two refrigerants, R-134a and R-600a, and two different compressors matching the refrigerant type. In the experimental work, the optimum charge was found for the refrigerator according to ASHRAE recommendation. Then, the tests were done at 32˚C ambient temperature in a closed room with dimension (2m*2m*3m). The results showed that th

يعتبر حق الحصول على المعلومات من أقدس الحقوق واهمها والتي تمثل الغذاء الروحي للإنسان، وتأسيساً على ذلك فقد تناول الباحث من خلال خذه الدراسة مضامين هذا الحق وتنظيمه على المستوى الدولي والمحلي, اذ عنيت المواثيق الدولية منذ زمن بعيد بهذا الحق ورتبت له ضمانات كافية على عاتق الدول في مواضع كثير مثل الاعلان العالمي لحقوق الانسان, الا ان هذا الحق قد لقي العديد من الصعوبات في التشريعات الاردنية في بادئ الامر الى ان

تتفق اغلب المصادر التي تناولت الجانب الحضاري للعهد الاخميني على ان ثقافات البلدان التي ضمتها الإمبراطورية الاخمينية الى نفوذها هي اقدم من ثقافة الاخمينيين انفسهم وانها ساهمت بشكل فاعل ومؤثر في وضع اساس الثقافة الاخمينية لاسيما في مجال فن الهندسة المعمارية ، والسؤال الذي يتبادر الى الاذهان هل ان الفنون الفارسية لا سيما في العهد الاخميني  لم يكن لها كيانها الخاص وانها نسخ لفنون الامبراطوريات الأخرى ؟ وهل

دعم التعليم في الصين أركان الامبراطورية لقرون عدّة, وتجسد ذلك في اسناد الوظائف الحكومية للطلبة الذين اجتازوا الامتحانات الموحدة, ليكونوا ضمن الموظفين الأكفاء ممّن أداروا مفاصل الامبراطورية. ومثّل التعليم, على مر العصور, أحد المحركات الرئيسة لمجريات الأحداث في الصين, وفي جميع عهود حكم الأسر التي توالتْ على حكم الصين. كما أثرتْ التطورات التي حدثتْ خلال أواخر القرن الأخير من مدّة الدراسة بدورها في مجال التربي

تُكمن أهمية البحث بالنسبة للباحثين والمهتمين بدراسة تاريخ المغرب الاسلامي بشكل عام وتاريخ المغرب الاوسط والاقصى الاسلامي بشكل خاص لتسليط الضوء التاريخي حول اثر مدرسة اهل الحديث في مساجد المغرب الاوسط والاقصى الاسلامي خلال تلك الفترة لاسيما ان بلاد المغرب الاوسط والاقصى الاسلامي قد تعاقب على حكمها عدة دويلات سياسية أهتمت ببناء المساجد وزخرفتها المعمارية ,وفي السياق نفسه تبلور هدف البحث التاريخي في الوقو