توجد هناك العدید من التطبیقات الهولوغ ا رمیة الحاسوبیة من بینها إنتاج عناصر ضوئیة هولوغ ا رمیة
حیث عن طریقها یمكن إنتاج جبهة أي موجة مرغوبة فیها، حیث (Grating) حاسوبیة والمتمثلة بالمحز ا زت
في .(Binary Synthetic Hologram) اعُتمِدَ في صناعتها على تقنیة الهولوغ ا رمات المصطنعة الثنائیة
وجبهة (Spherical Wavefront) هذا البحث تم بناء محزز هولوغ ا رمي لانتاج جبهة الموجة الكرویة
وهذه الموجات المذكورة سابقاً تم إعادة بنائُها بطریقتین،

In this paper a thin films of selenium was prepare on substrates of n-Si by evaporation in a vacuum technique with thickness about 0.5μm. And then an annealing process was done on samples at two temperature (100 and 200) C ° in a vacuum furnace (10^-3 torr).
Some structural, optical and mechanical properties of prepared thin films were measured. Results showed that the prepared film was the crystallization, optical transmittance and micro hardness of the prepared thin films increased significantly after annealing.

This research is considered the first of its kind in this sector of the river for more than three decades and aims to evaluate the diversity, abundance, richness and spatiotemporal variations of Cladocera within Samarra Impoundment water. The samples of these crustaceans were collected from three sites in the impoundment every two months between February 2023 and December 2024. We identified 19 taxa belonging to five Cladocerian families. The most abundant genera were Alona sp., Bosmina sp., Chydorus sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Diaphanosoma sp., Daphnia sp. and Moina sp. The minimum and maximum densities were observed in spring and winter, respectively. The average values for even

The emphasis of the world on sustainable water quality and frequent monitoring of pollutants has grown greater to protect public health and biodiversity, aimed at limiting human activities that lead to water pollution and conserving water resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of pollution and concentrations of different heavy metals in sediment and water samples taken from four locations along the Tigris River at Baghdad City, Iraq, during 2024. In order to investigate the variations in conditions between the wet and dry seasons, samples were collected during each. Among the elements under analysis were lead, nickel, chromium, zinc, and iron. The samples were analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption S

This study used wild barbines  (Bacopa Monnieri)  to control the southern cowpea beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus) and their effects on cowpea beetle eggs. Alcoholic extracts and nanocapsules were used at different concentrations, with the alcohol extract being 1000, 2000, and 3000 PPM. Eight out of ten eggs were unhatched, and two hatched, indicating that the 3000 concentrations had the highest egg toxicity rate. Regarding saponins at the same concentrations, the 3000 concentrations had the best results, whereas the 1000 and 2000 concentrations produced poorer results. Additionally, it was discovered that saponins had a stronger effect than terpenes. The nanocapsule concentrations that affected the Callosobruchus maculatus beetle's eg

This study conducted a thorough analysis of changes in land cover components of the Lake Hamrin area, located within Diyala Governorate, Iraq, focusing on the influence of human and climatic factors. Human variables included the rate of water release from the Darbandikhan Dam, while climatic factors encompassed fluctuations in temperature and annual rainfall. These factors significantly impact the lake, the largest body of water in the region, and other land cover components, leading to disruptions in the overall ecological balance.

Two satellite images from 2024 were analyzed for this research, representing two distinct seasonal periods: the first image was captured in April, following the conclusion of the rainy season, while th

The presence and distribution of phytoplankton algae, which are related to water properties, are affected by these factors. Non-diatomic algae samples were collected during the autumn season in 2024-2025 from three sites on the Tigris River, including the Samarra pharmaceutical industry, woolen spinning factory, and paper waste landfill, to identify algae resistant to dye pollution. The study found slight temperature variations in three sites, with the highest temperature in the first site being 23.62 ºC and the lowest in the second site being 20.67 ºC. The water was found to be alkaline, with slightly reduced pH values at the first site. The electrical conductivity (EC) values were high, with the highest rate in the first site at 956.

The aim of the research is to study the reality of psychological skills among fencing players aged 17 and above for the central and southern regions for the 2022-2023 season. The researchers used the descriptive method (survey method) to suit the nature of the research problem, and the community is represented by the players of Iraq clubs to duel for the central and southern regions for the 2022-2023 season, which number (111) players The researchers used the questionnaire to collect the necessary data to achieve the research goal by building and applying a psychological skills scale aimed at identifying the reality of psychological skills among fencing players, and the most important findings of the researchers were that the reality of

Research objective: To determine the extent of the impact of vehicle exercises on playing positions in developing some talents for football players aged (16-18) years. The research assumed: that there were statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests in physical abilities according to playing positions for football players aged (16-18) years, in favor of the experimental group. The researchers used the experimental method (by designing two experimental groups and a control group with pre- and post-tests for its suitability and the nature of the problem, to achieve the research objectives). The community of origin (216) was deliberately identified,

هدف البحث إلى إعداد تمرينات تعليمية بأسلوب التعلم بالاستفسار في درس كرة اليد، والتعرف على تأثير هذهِ التمرينات في تحسين الصلابة العقلية وتعلم دقة التصويب البعيد بكرة اليد لدى طلاب الصف الرابع الإعدادي، اذ لحظ الباحث في التدريس الحاجة إلى دعم الصلابة العقلية للمتعلمين الذين يؤدون المهارات بشكلٍ متواصل خلال الجزء التطبيقي من القسم الرئيس من الدرس لزيادة تفاعل الطلاب مع المادة التعليمية المقدمة لهم لاسيما

The importance of research has crystallized in building obstacle running training in order to raise the special physical abilities of female runners in order to achieve success. Then we can find a training method that participates in raising the level of effectiveness for the better. The aim of the research is to identify the special physical abilities and to complete the 400 m hurdles for young women, as well as to Preparing hurdle-running exercises for the different stages of running, and identifying the effect of these exercises on specific physical abilities and achievement. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equal control and experimental groups. The research population was determine

The research aims to: build a scale for investment and sports marketing for Iraqi sports clubs, and to identify the role of investment and sports marketing for Iraqi sports clubs from the point of view of members of the administrative bodies. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of the problem. The research community was represented by members of the administrative bodies of the clubs of Baghdad Governorate, while the research sample was represented by (25) clubs with a number of members (200) members of the administrative body. The sample was divided into several samples: the exploratory experiment sample (10) members, the construction sample (100) members, and the application sample (9

The research aims to build a scale (multiplicity of sports media) from the point of view of those in charge of managing the security of Iraqi football stadiums and to identify the role of the multiplicity of sports media in security education for sports stadiums, using the descriptive research methodology in the survey method, on the research sample represented by those in charge of managing the security of sports stadiums in football working in (the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Youth and Sports and the Iraqi National Olympic Committee), which amounted to (592) divided into three exploratory samples (10), structural (300), and the main Applied (282), the researcher used the system (SPSS) to process the research data statis

The importance of the study stands out in identifying the impact of the learning style for mastery in the educational process in general and skill learning in particular, through which learners can reach mastery in performing skills equally by giving the appropriate opportunity to all learners and providing sufficient time to learn the required skills, as well as Learners can be given additional time to enable them to acquire the required skills if the specified time is not sufficient The problem of the research lies in the dependence of some teachers in the process of learning the skills of the game of volleyball, including the skill of crushing hitting, educational methods and methods that do not achieve great benefit from the learning

Ghar Formation outcrop at the Iraqi western desert was studied by microfacies analysis
of (13) thin sections collected from wadi Al-Ratgha ( west of Qaim ) . According to
petrographic com position and organisms content ,rocks were subdivided into (4)
microfacies units :bioclastic wackestone , mudstone , miliolids wackestone , and grainstone
with aggregate grains microfacies .Microfacies units reflect shallow marine environment of
low circulation of very warm water at the middle part . The lower and middle part
interbedded with quite open marine environment below the wave base . The upper part was
deposited at shallow marine environment of low circulation . The main diagenetic processes
were the transformation ( ty

Predicting Stream flow forecasting is of great interest to engineers and hydrologists for the management and planning in designing water resources projects and for water resources for. Long-term and short-term stream flow forecasting can provide valuable information on the possibility of designing water projects. This paper aims to improve the hydraulic performance selected channel namely the Shatt al-Ibrahim channel by measuring the depth of flow, using an Inflatable dam and comparing it with the water depth before the dam was placed in operational discharge (2 m³/sec). One-dimensional and two-dimensional numerical models are generated and analyzed using HEC-RSA software and then calibration with a physical m

Abstract                                                                                              

The methods of the Principal Components and Partial Least Squares can be regard very important methods  in the regression analysis, whe

Background: The liver is one of the most common organs
injured after blunt abdominal trauma. The control of severe
hemorrhage remains a problem.
Methods: One-hundred thirty-eight patients diagnosed as
liver injury between 09/2003 and 08/2006 had been evaluated
prospectively in Al- Kindy Teaching Hospital.
A distinction was made between hemodynamically stable and
unstable patients. Different modalities of surgical procedures
were done concentrating on perihepatic gauze packing.
Results: (60 out of 138) patients included in the study were
clinically evaluated as hemodynamically stable. The average
abbreviated injury severity score (ISS) was 25. Twenty
patients underwent abdominal surgery. In 12 of them

تكمن أهمية البحث في وضع درجات ومستويات معيارية لبعض المتغيرات الجسمية للاعبات الدوري العراقي الممتاز بالكرة الطائرة , أما مشكلة البحث فتتلخص بعدم وجود درجات ومستويات معيارية يمكن الاعتماد عليها لتحديد القياسات الجسمية الخاصة بلاعبات الكرة الطائرة في العراق, ويهدف البحث الى التعرف على مستوى بعض القياسات الجسمية ووضع درجات ومستويات معيارية لها, وتم اختيار المنهج الوصفي بالاسلوب المسحي لملائمته وموضع الدر

The phenomenon of negative behavior has studied as a social and psychological phenomenon that effect on the performance and life of workers inside and outside the organization. The adoption of this phenomenon is studied in terms of the role of the internal environment of the organization in addressing this behavior, being the variables belong to the field of organizational behavior to see the results of those variables on the Iraqi organizations, since the specificities of it differ from the rest of the Arab and foreign environments. Therefore, this study focused on testing the relationship of the internal environment of the organization and its role in addressing the negative behavior of the workers.

thi

Abstract  

   The research problem focuses on studying the interest of the Medical City Department of the Ministry of Health in improving the creative thinking skills of the administrative leadership through parallel & comprehensive thinking according to the of six thinking hats strategy. The research sample consisted of (170) administrative leaders in the upper & middle organizational levels, The questionnaire was used as a main tool for data collection, In addition to the observation & Interview, The research sought to answer the following questions: What is the extent to which the administrative leadership (Tpp & middle) in the organization investigated the concept of the six thinkin

         This paper is mainly concerned with the study of the moral aspects that prompts William Shakespeare to attempt a romance in which he has embedded the epitome of his thought, experience, and philosophy concerning certain significant aspects of human life whose absence or negligence may threaten human existence, peace, and stability. From the beginning of history man realizes the importance of prosperity on the many and various levels that touch and address his needs and desires—natural, material,  and spiritual. The Tempest, due to the dramatist's awareness of the aforementioned values, reflects the dramatist's duty as to projecting and unfolding these important aspects, rec

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has an immense effect not only on the social and economic lives of people but also on the surgical lives of surgeons, residents, nursing staff, and patients as well as ground level staff. Amidst this COVID pandemic, emergency surgeries were being done but at a decreased rate, whereas elective cases depended on the will of hospitals, surgeons, and patients. Study aims to promulgate a "Neo–Surgical Check Box" by amalgamating the WHO surgical checklist and the results obtained from the questionnaires.

Subjects and Methods: After receiving ethical clearance from the Institute Ethical Committee, an online questionnaire with 50 questions divided into

Abstract

The current research aims to testing the impact of leadership styles (autocratic, democratic) in crises management (Making decision response, communications and information flows, Mobilization of resources) through strategic planning (Mission, objectives, and environmental analysis, and strategic choice) among managers of the Iraqi Ministry of electricity. Questionnaire has been adopted as a tool in data and information relating to research, as it had prepared on the basis of number of scales and finished using the included Likert quintet, which  has been subjected to standards of validity and reliability and distributed to a sample consisting of (96) managers at the three departments of Min

his paper uses the finite element method (FEM) to study a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) refractive index sensor based on D-shaped Polarization Maintain Photonic Crystal Fiber (PM-PCF). A chemically stable plasmonic material, gold (Au), with hemispherical structures having a radius of 50 nm, is applied to the surface of a D-shaped sensor to create the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, enabling this SPR sensor to detect variation in the surrounding analyte refractive index (RI). The resonance condition will change when the refractive index of the targeted analyte changes, leading to a certain shift in the loss peak. Two resonant peaks are observed, one located in the visible part of the spectrum, and the second in the near-infrared

            The widespread use of the Internet of things (IoT) in different aspects of an individual’s life like banking, wireless intelligent devices and smartphones has led to new security and performance challenges under restricted resources. The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) is the most suitable choice for the environments due to the smaller size of the encryption key and changeable security related parameters. However, major performance metrics such as area, power, latency and throughput are still customisable and based on the design requirements of the device.

The present paper puts forward an enhancement for the throughput performance metric by p

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of   new edible film prepared from deamidated rice bran protein (RBP). Deamidation was carried out at temperatures of 80, 100, and 120°C under varying pH conditions of 8, 10, and 12 for durations of 15 and 30 minutes to enhance protein solubility. The resulting film was then assessed for its physical, mechanical, and optical properties. The results revealed that protein solubility of deamidated RBP improved across all temperatures and pH levels compared to the control. A film made from deamidated protein under conditions of 120°C and pH levels of 8, 10, and 12 was evaluated using protein concentrations of 3, 4, and 5%. The solubility

Nanoparticles of Pb_1-xCd_xS within the composition of 0≤x≤1 were prepared from the reaction of aqueous solution of cadmium acetate, lead acetate, thiourea, and NaOH by chemical co-precipitation. The prepared samples were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy(in the range 300-1100nm) to study the optical properties, AFM and SEM to check the surface morphology(Roughness average and shape) and the particle size. XRD technique was used to determine the crystalline structure, XRD technique was used to determine the purity of the phase and the crystalline structure, The crystalline size average of the nanoparticles have been found to be 20.7, 15.48, 11.9, 11.8, and 13.65 nm for PbS, Pb_0.75Cd_0.25S,