Three N-(hydroxylphenyl) dimethylmaleimides were directly prepared in good yields (81-86)% from the reaction of dimethylmaleic anhydride with amino phenols. The prepared imides were esterified to the corresponding benzoates, methacrylates and cinnamates via their reaction with different acid chlorides in the presence of triethylamine. The prepared esters were tested as plasticizers for PVC via preparing of thirty six samples of PVC with the prepared esters in certain weight ratio followed by recording their softening points. Comparison the results with the universal plasticizers for PVC (DOP) and (DBP) indicated that the prepared esters in general have high plasticizing efficiency.

In the present work the Buildup factor for gamma rays were studied in shields from epoxy reinforced by lead powder and by aluminum powder, for NaI(Tl) scintillation detector size ( ×? ), using two radioactive sources (Co-60 and Cs-137). The shields which are used (epoxy reinforced by lead powder with concentration (10-60)% and epoxy reinforced by aluminum powder with concentration (10-50)% by thick (6mm) and epoxy reinforced by lead powder with concentration (50%) with thick (2,4,6,8,10)mm. The experimental results show that: The linear absorption factor and Buildup factor increase with increase the concentration for the powders which used in reinforcement and high for aluminum powder than the lead powder and decrease with inc

Plant tissue culture techniques were exploited for the micropropigation of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflora). Different concentrations of Benzyl adenine (BA), 6- Furfural amino purine (Kinetin), Indol butyric acid (IBA), were investigated in their effects at different micropropagation stages. Three explants (apical shoots, internodes, leaf discs) were used in this study. The effect of the interaction between BA and IBA on shoot multiplication was investigated in increasing the number of shoots on explants. Rooting was also studied after inclusion of IBA and NAA to Murashige and Skoog, 1962 culture medium (MS). During acclimatization stage, different ratios of river sand and peat moss as agricultural media were tested and plantlets survival w

Amaranthus viridis (green amaranth), is naturally grown in Iraq belongs to the Amaranthaceae family, and is considered pseudocereal. This herb displays various classes of secondary metabolites including polyphenols, and phytosterols, in addition to other types of terpenes and fatty derivatives.  Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective are among the evaluated and proven clinical activities. Recently herbal remedies have emerged as a noteworthy new therapeutic option for several cancers. The most common cause of cancer mortality in Iraq is lung cancer.  Few previous studies stated the invitro anticancer effect of this herb on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell and against HepG2, B16F10 mela

Cholestasis is defined as a reduction or stagnation in bile secretion and flow. Inflammation results from blocked bile that leaks into the bloodstream and accumulates in the organs. It was postulated that cilnidipine would mitigate the liver damage linked to cholestasis by its confirmed farnesoid x receptor (FXR) activation. Hence, this study aimed to examine the impact and potential anticholestatic capabilities of cilnidipine in the rat’s model of cholestasis produced by α‑naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT), which is a widely used model that resembles human cholestasis. The white albino rats used in this investigation were separated into three distinct groups, with eight in each group. Negative control (Group I), in this group, rats ge

Curcumin (CUR), an active constituent of turmeric which is capable of forming complexes with metal ions. Even though CUR metallocomplexes displayed better biological activities compared to the free CUR, their application in medicine is limited by their poor aqueous solubility. This research aimed to develop self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) to improve the solubility and the antioxidative activity of CUR metallocomplexes. Mononuclear (1:1) CUR metallocomplexes (CUR-Cu, CUR-Mg and CUR-Fe) were synthesised with Cu²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Fe³⁺ salts. The CUR and CUR metallocomplexes were loaded into the microemulsions (MEs) which contains palm oil, Tween 80 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 at the rat

Background: Several risk managem-ent standards had been developed including the Project Management Institute, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, actuarial societies, and ISO standards.

Objective: The study aimed at evaluating risk management among managers of model and ordinary primary health care centers in Baghdad City and comparing the risk management among these centers.

Methods: A descriptive comparative des

In this work, porous Silicon structures are formed with photochemical etching process of n-type Silicon(111) wafers of resistivity (0.02.cm) in hydrofluoric acid (HF) of concentration (39%wt) under light source of tungeston halogen lamp of (100 Watt) power. Samples were anodized in a solution of 39%HF and ethanol at 1:1 for 15 minutes. The samples were realized on n-type Si substrates Porous Silicon layers of 100m thickness and 30% of porousity. Frequency dependence of conductivity for Al/PSi/Si/Al sandwich form was studied. A frequency range of 102-106Hz was used allowing an accurate determination of the impedance components. Their electronic transport parameters were determined using complex impedance measurements. These measu

Hibiscus tiliaceus L. is a member of the Malvaceae family. It has been documented to exhibit antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, anthelmintic, and anticancer properties. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of ethanol leaf extract from Hibiscus tiliaceus L. on methotrexate-induced chromosomal aberrations, specifically the Mitotic Index and Micronucleus Frequency, in spleen and bone marrow cells.

 The comparison was made with metformin. The study involves the categorization of the animals into five groups, with each group consisting of six rats. The rats are then subjected to the following treatments: Group I (negative control) consisted of six rats that were administered a

          A series of conformationally constrained new Propionic acid derivatives were subjected to a synergistic integration of docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) techniques to optimize non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs). Examining the particular conditions for COX-2 inhibition selectivity among these congeners as selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors was the aim of the study. The combination of these methodologies accelerates the identification and optimization of lead compounds, facilitating efficient prediction and screening of compound libraries. This integrated approach not only expedites drug discovery but also provides a rational foundation for the design

The food web is a crucial conceptual tool for understanding the dynamics of energy transfer in an ecosystem, as well as the feeding relationships among species within a community. It also reveals species interactions and community structure. As a result, an ecological food web system with two predators competing for prey while experiencing fear was developed and studied. The properties of the solution of the system were determined, and all potential equilibrium points were identified. The dynamic behavior in their immediate surroundings was examined both locally and globally. The system’s persistence demands were calculated, and all conceivable forms of local bifurcations were investigated. With the aid of MATLAB, a numerical simu

Recent changes in the subfamily Pimeliinae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionida), including updates at the generic and species levels, are summarized till this study is completed . According to the previous literature and museum collections of the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, a revised and current list of 18 recognized genera and 44 species, organized into 10 tribes, is provided for the fauna of Iraq. The importance of this study is that it is the first updated list for the Pimeliinae subfamily for the entomofauna of Iraq.

The study aims to update the records of endemic plant species within two phytogeographic sub-regions of Iraq, the Middle Saharo-Sindian and Mesopotamia regions. The update was conducted through a comprehensive review of scientific name validity, endemic status, and recently described species reported in previous studies, which collectively recorded 89 endemic taxa across these regions. The current results identify only 29 endemic taxa belonging to 22 genera and 15 families. The family Asteraceae and the genus Anthemis exhibited the highest number of endemic taxa. In terms of distribution, eight taxa were restricted to the Middle Saharo-Sindian region, thirteen to Mesopotamia, and eight were shared between both sub-regions. Additionally,

Endotoxic septic shock (ESS) is a serious clinical syndrome caused by gram-negative bacterial infections. ESS refers to infected patients with high bloodstream endotoxin levels and activity and a high rate of cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal failure. The endotoxin in the bacterial cell wall can evoke neutrophil monocytes and secrete inflammatory mediators like cytokines, nitric oxide, histamine, and bradykinin, causing local and systemic inflammation, severe vasodilation, endothelial dysfunction, increased capillary permeability, vascular fluid extravasation, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Mice were utilized as experimental animals for research by inducing endotoxemia or a septic-like condition that closely simu

The main purpose of the research is to demonstrate the importance of the insurance sector in the economy through its role in providing security for all economic sectors and thus stimulating the gross domestic product and reducing dependence on the output of the oil sector, which may expose the Iraqi economy to several problems and imbalances, I have found that there is a great weakness in the role of the insurance sector in Iraq at the level of government, companies and individuals, and the reason for this is the lack of policies supporting the insurance sector and the lack of work in the strategy of economic diversity and the decrease of security awareness by individuals so became Developing the sector to ensure the urgent need

هدف البحث هو التعرف على تأثير الوسيلة التعليمية (الجهاز الشامل) في تعلم بعض المهارات الاساسية بكرة القدم للمبتدئين (المناولة، الاخماد، التهديف. تكونت عينة البحث من عدد من اللاعبين المبتدئين في مدرسة هيئة تطوير العمل الرياضي / الكرخ والبالغ عددهم 24 لاعب تم تقسيمهم الى مجموعتين وبالطريقة العشوائية (12 لاعب) للمجموعة التجريبية و(2 لاعب) للمجموعة الضابطة، واستخدم الباحث 3 اختبارات مهارية للمهارات الثلاثة المبحوث

This article aims to investigate how war contributes to the pollution of water bodies with harmful substances including heavy metals and toxic substances. The paper explains how these pollutants, carelessly dumped by military operations, have severely damaged the water quality of rivers and lakes all across Iraq. Based on the Jassim River as case study, the paper shows a close relationship between military operations and pollution. Shown is the effects of this pollution on local ecosystems like fish and wildlife, and human population, dependent on the river for drinking, irrigation, and other basic needs. The article reveals the problem of military waste in Iraq, focusing on the absence of satisfactory waste disposal techniques and

RESRAD is a computer model designed to estimate risks and radiation doses from residual radioactive materials in soil. Thirty seven soil samples were collected from the area around the berms of Al-Tuwaitha site and two samples as background taken from an area about 3 km north of the site. The samples were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry system using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The results of samples measurements showed that three contaminated area with 238U and 235U found in the study area. Two scenarios were applied for each contaminated area to estimate the dose using RESRAD (onsite) version 7.0 code. The total dose of resident farmer scenario for area A, B and C are 0.854, 0.033 and 2.15×10-3 mSv.yr-1, respectively. Whi

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was studied using CdS and ZnS as catalyst. The photocatalytic activity of the specimen was studied by exposing to UV-radiation. The result shows that the degradation efficiency of the dye for CdS micro-particles was 92% after 7 hours and for ZnS micro-particles was 88.29% for the same time interval.

In this study, the genetic relatedness of 12 cultivars of fig from different populations in Kurdistan region- Iraq were analyzed using eleven AFLP primers pairs combinations by using the technology of molecular analysis the DNA. Genetic similarity matrices were produced for the AFLP data to calculate genetic distances among their cultivars. Genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.1261 to 0.3905. The lowest genetic similarity was observed between Kola and Gala Zard (0.1261). The Hejeera Rash and Shela cultivars were most similar ones with a coefficient of 0.3905. Clustering based on AFLP data for the 12 fig cultivars was identified at the 0.32 similarity level. In the developed dendogram two main groups were found, the first

This study was aimed to find out how the performance of feed at different age periods affect the productive of birds . A total of 240-day-old broiler chicks have been used (Ross 308), were applied. The chick’s groups were assigned to four treatments with every replicates four times and were distributed randomly into 16 groups of 15 chicks of average body weight in each pen. The research was conducted out on chicks two weeks old. T0 (control): (Feed is provided continuously and permanently for birds), T1: Skip every 1 day: (Provide the feed for one day and cut it the next day and so on until the age of 42 days), T2: Skip every 2 days: (Providing the feed for two consecutive days, cutting

Sodium chloride poisoning has been suspected in Iraqi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) of Basrah governorate, A study was conducted on 523 animals. All animals drank natural water from the Shatt al-Arab sources. Seventy-six animals show different clinical manifestations, and twelve clinically healthy animals were used as controls.  Diseased buffalo exhibited different clinical manifestations. A significant increase in PCV with alterations in indices of clotting factors was also explored. Serum analysis demonstrated increase in serum sodium and chloride concentrations in diseased buffalo. However,

The current review aims to provide the available updated data for Houbara Bustards Chlamydotis undulata (Jacquin, 1784) (Aves, Otidiformes, Otididae) after its being listed on the IUCN Red List as VU Vulnerable, and its population has decreased globally. Also, it's being transmitted from the Gruiformes to the Otidiformes order. The current bibliographical study reviewed the most recent references that deal with houbara bustards: nomenclature, morphology, biological features, habitat, reproduction and breeding, migration patterns, global conservation status, hunting, and species status in Iraq, by searching in the previous literature. The current study reviewed the references about the global conservation status of the Houbara Bustard fro

There are many studies regarding the topic of ‘leadership’ in modern era, especially the studies of the west and the Muslims who followed them in our Arab countries. These studies rely on the modern western theories, they deal with topics like the difference between administration and leadership

الخلفية: البدانة لا تزال تمثل مصدر قلق كبير في جميع أنحاء العالم. وقد اكتسبت استئصال و تكميم المعدة بالمنظار شعبية كبيرة بين المجتمع الجراحي باعتباره إجراء جراحي مستقل. ومن المرجح أن يتبع العدد المتزايد في اجراء قَص وتكميم المعدة بوجود إعداد  متزايدة من المرضى الذين يعانون من فشل في  فقدان الوزن ، وتعرف بأن فقدان الوزن غير كافي أو اكتساب الوزن من جديد.

الهدف من

الخلفية:ان عمليات استئصال القولون والمستقيم باستخدام الجراحة المنظارية شهدت زيادة ملحوظة في العالم. ان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو لتقييم خبرتنا في مجال جراحة امراض القولون والمستقيم المنظارية مع مقارنة نتائجنا بنتائج دول العالم الباقية.

المرضى وطرق العمل : هذه الدراسة أجريت في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي/ دائرة مدينة الطب للفترة من الأول من كانون الثاني 2017 الى الخ

The aim of this study is to develop the science textbook for the 1st intermediate grade by analyzing it according to life skills. Its core areas were mental skills, environmental skills, and health skills. The analysis tool was used after verifying its validity and stability in analyzing the science textbook for the 1st intermediate grade, and the results of the study resulted in the inclusion of mental skills on a high percentage of repetitions, while we find that this percentage is low in the inclusion of environmental and health skills. The study recommended the importance of achieving balance and justice in including skills in the science textbook for the 1st intermediate grade, by emphasizing the environmental and health skills by incr

The aim of this research is to employ the roundhouse strategy to study its impact on the students achievement of the 10th grade in physics and their core thinking. After the application of the research experience and gaining data, which was processed statistically using the statistical packages program (SPSS). The results of the researcher revealed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who studied using the roundhouse strategy on the students of the control group who studied the usual method in the achievement test. As results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group and the average scores of the control group students in the core thinking test and