This scientific study aims to introduce a new type of topological space, called "Grill v-space", with the aim of contributing to scientific knowledge in this field. New generalizations were developed for both the local function and the Kuratowski closure function in order to generalize their concepts. Subsequently, these generalizations were used to define a new topology based on the concepts associated with the grill and the v -space. The set of v -open in v -space is defined as the sum of the set of v -open forms in v -space when the grill consists of the subsets of P(X) except the

The current study focuses on the surface modification of an air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure on a polymer (epoxy). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Hardness and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the material. Plasma was used to expose the epoxy sample for (0, 10, 20, and 30 min). The AFM study shows an increase in the time of plasma treatment and an increase in the parameter of roughening, in which the surface of the material is roughened by the plasma treatment. This plasma-induced morphological modification of the epoxy surface will also contribute to enhancing the wettability. In the DSC test, the stability of the glass transition temper

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the synovial joints and produces recurring inflammation of the synovial membrane, which ultimately causes joint degeneration, deformity, and disability. The current study included 110 blood samples collected from patients infected with rheumatoid arthritis (60) and 50 blood samples from controls. The results showed that investigation of some hematological tests revealed a high significant erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for the patient group compared to the control group (28.25 ± 2.72, 16.24 ± 1.83), respectively. But it is non-significant for patients for (WBC, RBC, and PLT) was (7.34 ± 0.25, 4.71 ± 0.08, and 248.26 ± 9.18), while the control gr

Fifty isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained out of 220 samples collected from clinical sources after a diagnosis of the bacteria, and then a sensitivity test was performed for the isolates, and the minimum inhibitor concentration of 15 antibiotics in the bacterial isolates under study was determined using the Vitek -2 Compact System device. All isolates showed 100% resistance to Benzylpenicillin at (>=0.5-0.12) and the resistance to Oxacillin was 76% at (>= 1-4), Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin was 42, 40% at (>=2-8), Gentamycin (20%) at >=16, Erythromycin by (78%) at >=8, Clindamycin (by 74%) at (>=8-16), Tetracycline by 40% at (>=2-16), Fusidic Acid by (14%) at (>=8-32), and Rifampicin by (6% )

The Tigris River is the primary source of water for human consumption in Iraq and is the ultimate sink for wastewater generated by activities. This research was conducted between November 2021 and September 2022 using 15 physio-chemical parameters (pH, air and water temperature, EC, salinity, DO, BOD, TH, Ca+, Mg+, SO4, TDS, TSS, turbidity, and Chloride), two heavy metal parameters (Cr, and Al), and biological pollutants to analyze temporal and spatial variation and the effects of pollutants sources on the water quality of the Tigris River from the north to the south of Baghdad city. The results show that some values of the tested parameters were higher than Iraqi and WHO standards for the water river, which call for attention to be paid

Proteus mirabilis is considered the third most common cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. With urease production, the potency of the catheter’s blockage due to the formation of biofilm is significantly enhanced. This study was aimed at exploring whether green synthesized ZnO-CuO nanoparticles (ZnO-CuO NPs) can function as an anti-biofilm agent produced by P.Mirabilis. The characterization of biosynthesized nanoparticles was carried out to determine the chemical and physical properties of the product using AFM, TEM, FESEM, XRD, and UV visible spectrometry. The hexagonal structure was confirmed by XRD, the size range was marked at 96.00nm by TEM, and FESEM was used to confirm the surface morphology. A

A theoretical study of electronic characteristics based on charge transfer using quantum model N719 dye-sensitized contact with TiO2 in solar cells. The current density expression used to calculate the photovoltaic characteristics is assumed to be a continuum level of the N719 dye and TiO2 semiconductor in the heterojunction N719-TiO2 devices using the MATLAB program. The transition energy, current, fill factor, and efficiency of N719-TiO2 DSSCs are calculated based on quantum transition theory. The performance of DSSCs photovoltaic was estimated based on the I-V characteristics of the N719-TiO2 device using concentrations  at (100 mW/cm²) irradiation. The N719-TiO2 device with Butanol solvent at a concentrati

Moth-eye nano-structure is essentially used as a light-trapping technique for more efficient and cost-effective solar cells. This computational study investigated two dimensions of rectangular silicon base anti-reflected nanostructure for ultra-thin film solar silicon cell efficiency enhancement. The introduced simulation procedure depends on numerical methods and Lumerical software. Impacts of the structure geometry, which was the width and height, on optical and electrical properties were investigated. It found that the geometry of the structure has a significant effect on the absorption and reflection spectrum, due to structure light-trapping effects, and the maximum absorption increases in visible regain reported at a width of 300 nm

Over the past few years, there has been a significant focus on studying the synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles. These tiny particles possess distinct properties that set them apart from bulk metals. Cr:Se core-shell nano thin film has been pre-coated by plasma jets with different concentrations (10:0, 8:2, and 6:4) and deposition by chemical spray pyrolysis. The nano-thin films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), and transmission electron microscopy TEM. This study looks into the structure and optical features of core-shell nanoparticles made with different ratios of chromium and selenium (Cr:Se). The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles

Pulses are the second most significant economic crop that have been attacked by many storage pests. One of these pests is the cowpea beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus).  This study aims to study the effect of phenol  grape seed (Vitis vinifera) extract (1000,1500,2000,2500and 3500 mg/L) on eggs and adults. The results showed that the alcoholic extract of the grape seed (Vitis vinifera) recorded for the egg hatching was (80, 56.67, 53.33, 40.00 and 10.00%) respectively, Results in the use of nanocapsules at concentrations of 100 and 500 mg/L showed the egg hatching ratio was (53.33, 16.67%) respectively, while the results of alcoholic extracts of grape seed (Vitis vinifera)  recorded for a

In this work, the rate of charge transfer (CT) reaction at the N3-ZnS interface was calculated using a quantitative computational model to evaluate the efficiency of N3-ZnS heterojunction dye-sensitized solar cell devices using different types of solvents. This work discussed the influence of the effective driving energy force on the charge transport rate and performance of N3-ZnS devices with various solvents based on a donor-acceptor model. A solar cell model was used to study the optical efficiency when changing some of its parameters, such as the type of material and the thickness of the film, as they are important factors influencing the quality of the solar cell. It was found that the transition energy varies with different solvent

Undoped and aluminum-doped In2S3 chalcopyrite semiconductor thin films are deposited on glass substrates using the thermal evaporation process under a vacuum of 1.6×10^-5 mbar, achieving a thickness of 500 nm. This study examines the impact of varying Al ratios of 0.0, 0.02 and 0.04 on properties of Al-doped In2S3 thin film. The structural characteristics of In2S3 thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), revealing that the In2S3 film exhibits a polycrystalline structure and stable tetragonal β-In2S3, with a preferred orientation of (109) at 2θ = 27.3. Furthermore, AFM is examining the exterior morphology of the film, revealing that both surface roughness and average diameter escalate with h

     For this work, the spray pyrolysis technique is employed to create uniform thin films of cadmium telluride (CdTe) at 350°C on glass substrates. For optical and structural examination, the films that were deposited undergo annealing at 573 K and 723 K. In an air atmosphere, before being examined using an XRD, a microscopy force atomic (AFM), and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The film's cubic structure and polycrystalline nature were demonstrated by the XRD tests with preferred orientation (111), and temperatures for annealing improve crystalline speed. Crystallite size and microstrain were among the microstructural metrics that were computed with an increase in annealing temperatures; it was found that the microstrain decreased and

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a modern phenomenon that is used in a variety of industries, including intelligent transportation, smart cities, healthcare, games, and education. The use of IoT applications to enhance the quality of higher education has become a crucial subject in the discipline of teaching research. The objective of this research is to find out whether educational institutions could incorporate higher education and the Internet of Things by utilizing the technological acceptance model. For the purpose of achieving this, the University of Mosul was chosen to identify the position of faculty members in this field. The study proposes a model consisting of factors adopted from the TAM Theories. A quantitative approach has b

The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790), which belongs to the family Curculionidae, order Coleoptera, is one of the most important palm pests, which leads to heavy losses in date palms. In the last few years, it has been recorded in Iraq, from Safwan city south of Iraq, where it was detected on date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L, Arecales: Arecaceae). In the current study, specimens of adult weevils were collected from infested date palms (Phoenix dactylifera), that showed signs of infection in Safwan district, south of Basra province. The results of the investigation showed the presence of phoretic mites associated with the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier,

In this paper, we define a cubic positive implicative-ideal, a cubic implicative-ideal and a cubic commutative-ideal of a semigroup in KU-algebra as a generalization of a fuzzy (positive implicative-ideal, an implicative-ideal and a commutative-ideal) of a semigroup in KU-algebra. Some relations between these types of cubic ideals are discussed. Also, some important properties of these ideals are studied. Finally, some important theories are discussed. It is proved that every cubic commutative-ideal, cubic positive implicative-ideal, and cubic implicative-ideal are a cubic ideal, but not conversely. Also, we show that if Θ is a cubic positive implicative-ideal and a cubic commutative-ideal then Θ is a cubic implicative-ideal. Some exam

Machine scheduling problems (MSP) are     considered as one of the most important classes of combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, the problem of job scheduling on a single machine is studied to minimize the multiobjective and multiobjective objective function. This objective function is: total completion time, total lead time and maximum tardiness time, respectively, which are formulated as  are formulated. In this study, a mathematical model is created to solve the research problem. This problem can be divided into several sub-problems and simple algorithms have been found to find the solutions to these sub-problems and compare them with efficient solutions. For this problem, some rules that provide efficient solutio

The main goal of this work is to achieve an acceptable agreement between the obtained results and previously published results of the electrical conductivities of Krypton and Xenon weakly ionized plasma gases, which are strongly affected by the electron number density N_e and electron collision frequency. When the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is calculated, it shows a decrease with increasing the energy for all reduced electric field values (E/N). The above calculations are done in terms of the Boltzmann transport equation solution by using a numerical technique based on the two-term approximation method, which is represented by the common code "BOLSIG+." Calculated electrical conductivities of each Xenon and Kr

In this paper, we introduce a new one-step iteration process in Banach space and prove the existence of a common random fixed point of three non-expansive multivalued random operators through strong and weak convergences of an iterative process. The necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of a sequence of measurable functions to a random fixed point of non-expansive multivalued random operators in uniformly convex Banach spaces is also established. Our random iteration scheme includes new random multivalued iterations as special cases. The results obtained in this paper are an extension and refinement of previously known results. A new random iterative scheme for approximating random common fixed points of three random non

Poultry often intake energy to meet their energy needs, which is associated with both more fat and protein deposition, which is also conditioned by the presence of adequate other nutritional nutrients. The most significant supplement in creature sustenance or diets is protein, with exceptional thought given to the proportion among energy and protein in consumes less calories (energy: protein ratio EPR). This implies that a specific protein level relates with the fundamental measure of energy in the eating regimen. The article evaluated the manipulation of energy to protein ratio and its effect on broiler performance and carcass lipid profile. The author's methodology depends on analyzing and comparing other scientists’ studies and work

Multiplicative inverse in GF (2 m ) is a complex step in some important application such as Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and other applications. It operates by multiplying and squaring operation depending on the number of bits (m) in the field GF (2 m ). In this paper, a fast method is suggested to find inversion in GF (2 m ) using FPGA by reducing the number of multiplication operations in the Fermat's Theorem and transferring the squaring into a fast method to find exponentiation to (2 k ). In the proposed algorithm, the multiplicative inverse in GF(2 m ) is achieved by number of multiplications depending on log 2 (m) and each exponentiation is operates in a single clock cycle by generating a reduction matrix for high power of two ex

Cryptography is the technology of protecting information and communication by means of encoding the sending information. Existing methods often operate within predetermined mathematical structures which can be subject to pattern recognition and which are lack biological randomness. To address these challenges, this paper introduced a new bio-inspired cryptography approach to protect text messages using the coding mechanisms of DNA and RNA materials. The encryption system consists of six steps: encoding the plaintext message into DNA sequences, transcribing DNA into RNA, applying the complementary base pairing, scrambling RNA segments, optional reverse transcription, and encoding the resulting DNA-RNA characters into ciphertext. Rand

Background: Hemophilia B is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the F9 gene, causing bleeding tendency predominantly in males. The mutational spectrum of the F9 gene has not been adequately studied in Iraq. Objectives: To detect the disease-causing variants of exons 6, 7, and 8 and immediate introns of F9 gene using Sanger sequencing among Iraqi hemophilia B patients and to correlate them with phenotypes. Methods: Forty Iraqi hemophilia B patients were recruited for this cross-sectional study from The Hereditary Bleeding Disorder Ward in the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, between November 2021 and April 2022 using a consecutive sampling technique. Peripheral blood samples were used for sequencin

Bauxite residue (red mud) is a waste material from alumina refineries in the Bayer process, containing significant quantities of valuable metals, notably scandium (Sc). The objective of this study is to recover Sc (III) from Hungarian bauxite residue by using hydrometallurgical processes, including solvent extraction and leaching. Red mud directly leached with hydrochloric acid to generate the leachate solution. The significant iron content (~38 %) in red mud makes it hard to recover scandium selectively due to comparable physicochemical characteristics. According to the findings, Fe (III) could be effectively extracted from hydrochloric acid leachate as HFeC14 using diethyl ether before Sc extraction. Protocol B demonstrated superior recov

      Compounds from tin oxide doped with gallium oxide and cerium oxide were synthesized. Thin films from (SnO₂:Ga₂O₃,CeO₂) with different doping ratios were prepared on glass and single crystal silicon as substrates with the use of the pulsed laser deposition technique. The results of FTIR spectrums analysis was presented. Varies heterojunctions were fabricated from (SnO₂:Ga₂O₃,CeO₂ /Cu₂S/c-pSi) heterojunctions solar cell which are formed from two layers: the first was Cu₂S and the second was layer from tin oxide doped with two oxides named gallium oxide and cerium oxide with different doping ratios (0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.0