Back ground: Oxidative damage has been suggested to play a key role in accelerating inflammation and to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and
osteoarthritis (OA). Many studies had shown that those patients have low antioxidants level and are at risk of increased oxidative stress.
Objective: This study was designed to examine the levels of serum Total Antioxidant Status (TAS). Malondialdehyde (MDA) as index of lipid peroxidation and C–Reactive Protein (CRP) as a
marker of oxidative stress in patients with RA and OA and compared them with healthy control.
Method: Serum TAS , MDA and CRP levels were measured in 16 RA and 24 OA patients and compare with those obtained from 25 healt

Background : Bronchogenic carcinoma is a common malignancy in iraq and radiotherapy is one of treatment methods for this disease . This study is cytopathological study dealing with
sputum samples for bronchogenic carcinoma before and after radiotherapy .
Objectives : To find morphological changes of the malignant cells as seen in cytopathological examination of the sputum after radiotherapy to the chest .
Patients and Methods : Twenty five patients with a recent diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma presented to the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine for the treatment
in the period between 20th july 2004 and 25th june 2005 , sputum samples were obtained from these patients before and after they r

Background: Syphilis disease remain as a problem especially in developing countries. it can be detected by serological tests and the infection may affected the immunoglobulins concentration and may cause spontaneous abortion.

• Causes of Laser Hazard
I - Inherent Hazards to Laser Beam Direct or reflected laser beams have consequential health effects range from minor skin burn to irreversible eye injuries. The hazards depend on the
power output and wavelength of the used laser and depend on the exposure time and MPE. ti & 2)

Background : Left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease represents important and serious portion of coronary artery disease(CAD).
Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate the incidence of LMCA disease among patients with CAD undergoing coronary artery angiography and to evaluate clinical characteristics of patients with LMCA disease.
Methods: The study involved review of clinical notes and coronary angiography of 1020 patients with CAD in Ibin Al Bitar hospital for cardiac surgery between April and September 2004.This review included evaluation of electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram(ECHO), ECG exercise test (EET) and coronary angiography.
Results: Among 56 patients proved to have left main corona

Background: Heart failure is a common clinical syndrome with a high morbidity and mortality, despite advances in medical treatment. Death from dangerous ventricular arrhythmias is
frequently implicated.
Patients, materials & methods: Eighty patients with heart failure (HF) (fitting the criteria of heart failure) who were admitted to the medical city teaching hospital during a period of 8
months, were studied for incidence of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (N.S.V.T.) (detected by Holter monitoring) and its association with the severity of left ventricular dysfunction
(measured by ejection fraction), ventricular size (measured by left ventricular end diastolic dimension), and other factors .
Res

Hypertension (HT) remains poorly controlled even in the developed countries in spite of the improvement in management. Many studies found that about 70% of people with HT remain
uncontrolled. The aim of this study is to determine the proportion, and determinants of uncontrolled HT (UHT) among treated hypertensive patients. A random sample of 214 known
hypertensive patients, on regular treatment for a minimum of one year was included. The mean of three blood pressure (BP) readings measured two weeks apart was considered. Controlled BP was defined as systolic BP≤140mmHg, and diastolic BP≤90 mmHg. A questionnaire was used to collect data on certain demographic variables (age, gender, marital status, educat

خلفية Idebenone هو دواء يتم استقلابه على نطاق واسع مع ضعف ذوبانه في الماء ويستخدم لعلاج الاعتلال العصبي البصري الوراثي لليبر. الهدف تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحضير مستحلب الإيدبينون النانوي كجل أنفي يعتمد على البولوكسامير للتغلب على المعدل الكبير للاستقلاب الكبدي من أجل توافر حيوي أفضل وتقليل التأثير المرضي النسيجي على الغشاء المخاطي للأنف. 

الطرق: استندت استراتيجية العمل

الخلاصة: الورم الوعائي العضلي هو ورم نادر بطيء النمو عادة بدون اعراض وقليل ما تحدث معه عقابيل . لدينا تقرير حالة عن ورم وعائي في العضلة  ذات الرأسين في مريض عمره اثنان وعشرون عاما بعد ضربة خفيفة حدثت له قبل اربع سنوات مع تورم تدريجي

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine problem affecting women with an estimated global prevalence of 9%, due to inherited and environmental causes. PCOS mainly impacts women aged 15-35 years, and women who are at their earliest or final period of pregnancy. Subfatin is a newly identified hormone that controls metabolism and is thought to be a biomarker for PCOS and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D3 has an important function in the development of PCOS.
Objective: To explore the effect of obesity on Subfatin and D3 levels, and the impact of the pathophysiology of PCOS on Subfatin and D3 levels.
Methods: The total number of participants was 120: 80 fem

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune illness. Oxidative stress such as Malondialdehyde plays a major role in the pathophysiology of RA while antioxidants such as Coenzyme Q10 play protect role against inflammation.

Objectives: The study aimed to compare serum concentrations of Coenzyme Q10 and Malondialdehyde in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls and to evaluate how different types of treatment (biologics and chemotherapy) influence serum levels of them in this disease. 

Methods: The case-control study was conducted on 88 individuals (60 had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and 28 healthy as (Controls). The pati

Background: Wilms' tumor and Neuroblastoma are common pediatric malignancies, with biochemical markers like plasma metanephrines and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) being studied for diagnostic and prognostic values. Metanephrine, a catecholamine metabolite, is elevated in Neuroblastoma due to tumor secretion. Elevated LDH levels may correlate with tumor burden and indirectly indicate disease activity.
Objectives: To evaluate plasma metanephrine and lactate dehydrogenase as biomarkers in Neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor in pediatric patients.
Methods: The study was conducted between February and December 2024, in the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Medical C

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinology disorder affecting women in the years of reproduction. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a result of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation and is widely utilized as a trustworthy indicator of peroxidation of lipids and oxidative damage. Conversely, Vitamin D deficiency is a global issue affecting around one billion individuals. 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ is linked to multiple metabolic processes and reproduction facets of women with PCOS and thus may contribute to the PCOS pathophysiology.
Objectives: To measure and compare serum malondialdehyde levels and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ concentrations between women with polycystic ovary syndrom

Background: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has demonstrated a need to develop and use alternative antimicrobial agents. There has been a growing interest in medicinal plants and herbs and their extracts.
Objective: To identify the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed against multidrug-resistant clinical bacterial isolates (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii).
Methods: Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared from the seeds of the Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) plant. A gas chromatog

Background: Chronic gastritis (CG) is histopathological entity characterized by chronic inflammation of the stomach that mostly caused by Helicobacter pylori, development of
inflammation in gastric mucosa result in release of pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines .This study aimed to shed light on the role of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10, and GM-CSF) in the
development and prognosis of CG among Iraqi patients.
Patients and methods: 100 Iraqi patients with CG (61 male and 39 female) with age range (10-79) year, were involved in this stady while attending Specialist Hospital of Disease of Liver and Gastrointestinal System at Baghdad Medical City from Nov. 2007 to Apr. 2008. Patients divided accordi

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an irreversible myocardial injury and necrosis caused by serious and long term ischemia. Fibrinogen is considered as
one of the probable risk factors of myocardial infarction.
Patients and methods: 1.8-mL venous blood specimen from 40 patients with MI and 50 control subjects was obtained and put it into tubes containing 0.2 mol/L trisodium citrate. Plasma fibrinogen level was determined by the method of Clauss (Diagnostic Stago, France).
Results The mean age of patients was (45.2 ± 6) years in patients with premature myocardial infarction and (45.06±5) years in the control group (p =0.07). There were no statistically significant relationships between the

Background: Assessment of fracture healing is a common problem in orthopedic practice and research. Computerized Tomography (CT) is a reliable tool for quantification of the fracture repair process in experimental animals. Histomorphometric evaluation provides a clear quantitative evidence of the bone healing process. The evaluation by micro-architectures in healing bone showed variable correlation between CT and histomorphometry.
Material and methods: open ulnar osteotomy induced in twenty young male rabbits under general anesthesia without internal fixation, and divided into five groups. A group of animals were sacrificed at end of 2nd week, 3rd week, 4th week, 5th week, and 6th week. The right ulna iso

التمزق التلقائي لأغشية الجنين قبل بدء الولادة الذي يحدث قبل اكتمال 37 أسبوعًا من الحمل ، يشار إليه على أنه تمزق الأغشية المبكر قبل الولادة . يحدث في 2٪ من حالات الحمل. يعتمد التنبؤ بـه على تحديد عوامل الخطر المرتبطة واستخدام مؤشرات حيوية محددة لمنع النتائج الضارة على الام والجنين. ان الهدف من الدراسة لمعرفة العلاقة وفهم الدور بين حامض الفوليت ، فيتامين بي 12 والهميوسستين في تمزق الغشاء الامينوسي المبكر قبل حدو

Background: The management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) must take mental health into account because it might be difficult to find the best therapies and mental health resources. Anxiety and depression are the two psychological illnesses that IBD patients experience most frequently. The growing incidence of these mental illnesses encourages mental screening of every IBD patient at the initial session. There are easy-to-use, scientifically effective screening techniques for mental health issues. As important as or even more so than a therapy modality may be psychological techniques.

Objective: To assess the level of depression among IBD patients in the Gastroenterology and Hepa

خلفية البحث:  مع دخول جائحة COVID-19 عامه الثالث ، من الواضح أن آثاره تمتد إلى ما بعد الجهاز التنفسي وهي مهمة سريريًا. قد يكون لهذه العواقب أيضًا تأثير على الصحة ونوعية الحياة. ربما يكون ثلث النساء قد عانين من تغيرات عابرة في أنماط الدورة الشهرية نتيجة للضغوط المرتبطة بوباء COVID-19. وقد يكون هذا التغيير ناتجًا عن التوتر والقلق. يمكن أن يكون عدم انتظام الدورة الشهرية أو غيابها مؤشرًا على انخفاض الخصوبة ، و

الخلفية العلمية: ابيضاض الدم النخاعي الحاد (AML) هو أحد أكثر الأورام الدموية الخبيثة فتكًا و تتميز بوظائف خلوية غير طبيعية وتغيرات جينية. و تبين ان الطفرات في جينات نازعة هيدروجين إيزوسيترات (IDH) وخاصة IDH1 و IDH2 ، على أنها تشوهات وراثية متكررة في مرضى ابيضاض الدم النخاعي الحاد .و تؤدي هذه الطفرات إلى نشاط إنزيمي غير طبيعي، مما يؤدي إلى تراكم 2-هيدروكسي جلوتارات  (2-HG)،,والذي بدوره يعطل ا

الخلفية العلمية: تمثل المضاعفات القلبية الوعائية إحدى نتائج أمراض المناعة الذاتية المزمنة مثل الذئبة الحمامية الجهازية  (الذئبة الحمراء)، والتي لها معدلات كبيرة من الوفيات والمراضة. يمكن حدوث عسر شحميات الدم عن طريق الأدوية الستيرويدية، والتي تُعطى بشكل متكرر لمرضى الذئبة الحمراء وتعتبر أحد عوامل الخطر الرئيسية لأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية.

الأهداف: حاولت هذه الدراسة التحقق من وجو

Background: The immune system and thyroid hormones have an inverse relationship, but both thyroid hormones and selenium play a crucial role in the immune system. However, when the levels of thyroid hormones decrease (known as hypothyroidism), their effect on immune system cells and their relationship with selenium supplements in the body are not well understood.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Se-nanoparticles on thyroid hormones and the blastogenic response of lymphocytes in various lymphoid tissues in rats with hypothyroidism.

Methods: A group of female Wister rats aged three to four months were randomly placed into five groups (each gro

الخلاصة

المقدمة:- الاشعاع الايوني يشمل العلاج الإشعاعي والتصوير الطبي ،يستخدم على نطاق واسع في الطب المعاصر. يقلل العلاج بمضادات الأكسدة من الآثار السلبية للإشعاع (اختلال التوازن التأكسدي). يمكن أن تؤدي الزيادات في أنواع الأوكسجين التفاعلية بين المصورين الشعاعيين إلى ز

الخلاصة:

خلفية البحث: اعتلال الأعصاب المحيطية السكري (DPN) هو أكثر المضاعفات انتشارًا لـ T2DM. الاعتلال العصبي هو واصف لمجموعة من الأعراض السريرية ودون السريرية مع توزيعات تشريحية مختلفة ، وتاريخ سريري ، وربما آليات مسببة للأمراض الكامنة. اعتلال الأعصاب الحسي المتماثل البعيدة هو حسي مزمن متماثل يعتمد على الطول. أثبتت دراسات انعكاس الطرفة أنها مفيدة لتقييم وظيفة جذع الدماغ.الاهداف :

الملخص

معلومات أساسية:

داء السكري من النوع 2 هو نوع من مرض السكري حيث يكون الجسم غير قادر على استخدام الأنسولين بشكل صحيح. كان يشار إليه سابقا باسم السكري غير المعتمد على الأنسولين أو السكري الذي يصيب البالغين. يشكل هذا النوع الخاص من مرض السكري غالبية حالات مرض السكري ، وهو ما يمثل 90-95 ٪ من جميع التشخيصات. عادة ما يكون وراثيا وغالبا ما يرتبط بزيادة الوزن ونمط الحياة المستقرة.
أوستوبونتين (opn) هو بروتي

Background: It is possible that treatment may not be successful, and the expenses of therapy may increase due to patients’ lack of knowledge and inappropriate conduct. Insufficient knowledge regarding the use of insulin can hinder its effectiveness and adherence. Therefore, it is crucial for diabetic patients to follow guidance on insulin management to ensure better outcomes.

Objectives: to investigate the correlation between parents' knowledge of children with type I diabetes and their ability to properly administer insulin to their children in the outpatient diabetes clinic in Nasiriya City.

Methodology: Aross-sectional study was conducted at the of Endocrinology and Di

Background: Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH), a rare benign tumor, poses significant risks to 
vision due to its proximity to the macula, with epidemiology varying from one population to another.
Objectives: The present article emphasizes the need for prevalence studies on CCH in Iraq.
Methods: In June 2023, a literature review was conducted on PubMed, followed by a secondary analysis of 
patients' demographic data from diverse populations and ethnic groups worldwide.
Results: The secondary literature analysis revealed demographic variations in CCH, including age and 
gender (male-to-female) ratios, and across different populations. The exact prevalence remains unclear, 
particularly in Iraq

الخلفية: متلازمة تكيس المبايض  (Polycystic ovary syndrome)هي اضطراب هرموني شائع لدى النساء في سن الإنجاب مع مظاهر أولية للعقم ،عدم انتظام الحيض ,و ارتفاع مفرط في هرمون الاندروجين ( زيادة نمو الشعرفي الجسم ،وظهور حب الشباب, وزيادة الهرمون الذكري الاندروجين ).

فيتامين (د) له دور في الاضطراب الايضي واختلال الهرمونات الحاصل لدى النساء المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض عن طريق التاثير ع

خلفية : اختلال تناغم فسلجة ضغط الدم  في حالات ما قبل تسمم الحمل حالة شائعة. دور الاجهاد التأكسدي في تكوين مرض ما قبل تسمم الحمل  تعتبر نظرية مقبولة جدا.يعتبر الميلاتونين كاسح قوي للشوارد الحرة ولذلك سرعان ما يستهلك من قبل  المشتقات التفاعلية للأوكسجين المحفزة في حالات ما قبل تسمم الحمل مسببة عدم انخفاض ضغط الدم

الهدف من الدراسة : دراسة التغير في مستويات