The aim of present investigation was Litilizing cow, sheep and chicken bones that included both hollow and flat to produce fat. The extraction rat was increased propotionally with rising temperature and extraction time for both cow and sheep bones. The lowest extraction rat form hollow and flat bones for cow and sheep was 12.66, 6.55, 6.93 and 7% respectively at 60°C for 3 hours. The highest extraction rat for hollow cow bones was 21.90% at 90°C for 5 houers, values for flat cow bones, hollow and flat sheep bones was 15.04, 16.4 and 12.8% respectively at 100°C for 5 hours. While, hollow and flat chicken bones resulted lowest extraction rate, thus thermal treatment was conducted only at 90 °c and showed propotional increase with incre

In this paper, a comparison of production and domestic consumption of Iraq's food industries within economic environment of a sample of countries is presented. Tracked by a number of variables, To extrapolate the reality of this industry in terms of its importance to individual consumption and importance on national economy, then, to find size and type of obstacles facing the industry in Iraq. Relationship was measured through use of quantitative methods and digital data in the comparison process. Results showed that the large growth in the size of the population in Iraq is not the first multiplier in the high consumption of processed food, but the increase in the per-capita income. The treatment takes several aspects related to the gene

The aim of this research was to indicate the opinion of the Iraqi consumer awareness of the risks associated with consuming canned food, the questionnaire was included 20 questions for label information, consumer culture, shopping, marketing, awareness and knowledge as a tool to survey the opinions of 300 consumers in Baghdad, the data was analyzed by using percentage, weighted mean, and weight percent, the results obtained showed that the Iraqi consumer need more information, training and guidance programs in food safety handling issue for canned food, especially in analysis of label information and growing of consumer culture for shopping, right marketing, awareness and knowledge.

Results showed that the optimum conditions for production of inulunase from isolate Kluyveromyces marxianus AY2 by submerged culture could be achieved by using inulin as carbon source at a concentration of 2% with mixture of yeast extract and ammonium sulphate in a ratio of 1:1 in a concentration of 1% at initial pH 5.5 after incubation for 42 hours at 30ºC.

A field study was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Baghdad to assess the susceptibility of maize varieties (Baghdad, Fajr and Maha) to the corn stem borer, Sesamia cretica. The results showed that the varieties differed in their susceptibility to the corn borer, with a significant difference between the Baghdad variety, which was the most susceptible variety, and the other varieties. The highest infestation rate was 30.49% on the Baghdad variety, and the lowest infestation rate was 9.84% on the Maha variety. The highest percentage of dead heart was 17.63% on the Baghdad variety, and the lowest percentage was 12.57% on the Maha variety. The results showed that the Baghdad variety h

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of certain plant elicitors of normal and Nano amino acids in inducing systemic defenses against root-knot nematodes in tomato plants in greenhouse conditions. All treatments showed high efficacy, and the inhibitory effect of the tested acids on nematode root-knot Reproduction was positively correlated with increasing concentration. Additionally, plant growth was enhanced by all the treatments in general. Arginine and Serine at a concentration  20 and 30 ppm respectively recorded the highest stimulation peroxidase enzyme activity after 9 days of treatment with significant differences in quantity (21.28,21.56 min / gm fresh ) compared to the control treatment that

The study aims to determine the risk of exposure to air pollution as a result of gases emitted by AL-Dora Refinery. The levels of gases emitted from the refinery in the city of Baghdad and their impact on air quality were evaluated. The gases were measured in four locations inside and near the Dora refinery, all sites urban areas except the control site was measured in AL-Yusufiyah district. The gases measured included CO, SO2, NO2, in addition to particulate matter with size 2.5 (PM2.5). The results showed gases (0.05-2.46 ppm) for carbon dioxide, (0.05-1.30 ppm) for nitrogen dioxide, (0.04-1.62 ppm) for sulfur dioxide and (0.038-5.43 ppm) for particulate matter of size 2.5, where the most polluted sites the first and second sites with

Thirty six bacteria were isolated from various sourcesc (soil, starch, cooked rice and other foods) and subjected to a series of primary screening tests to obtain the optimal isolation to production of amylase. The volume of producing zone by logal indicator for (Seven) isolates of the secondary screening by measuring the enzymatic activity and specific enzymatic activity. The isolate A4 was found to be the most efficient for production of amylase. Then this isolate was diagnosed through microscopic, vitek 2 system technique. in addition by gentic diagnesis through gene 16s of the genes nitrogen bases by use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which reached 1256 bases. In comparison to the available information at the National Center for

Flavonoids were extracted from Zizyphus spina-christi leaves by Ethyl acetate after acid digested and used as antioxidant. The dried extract was added separately to each sample of fat extracted from hallow cow and sheep bones as follows: T1 cow fat, T2 control for cow fat, T3 sheep fat and T4 control for sheep fat (the control T2 and T4 reffered to samples without added antioxidant).
Samples were stored at -18, 5, 25 and 55 °C for 28 days. The storage trials were conducted at -18, 5 and 25 °C for 28 days for T1, T2, T3 and T4. The chemical indices examined initially and at the end of storage period. PVs was 1.46, 1.46, 1.8 and 1.8 meq/ Kg oil respectively, FFA values were 0.245, 0.245, 0.244 and 0.244% respectively and TBA va

            The research aims to determine the requirements for effective governance in agricultural extension in Iraq, and to achieve goal search returned questionnaire in light of previous literature and studies related to the subject and the opinions of specialized experts and their approval thereof, which consists of (38) paragraphs distributed over (3) areas, namely: Administrative and organizational requirements. and Human requirements and Material and financial requirements. The research community included all the governorates of adult Iraq their number is (15) governorates with the exception of the governorates of the Kurdistan region Random sample of (50%) was drawn

    In this experimental study, various tests were conducted on the thickness, imbibition, roughness, and microstructure of cardboard containing perfluorinated compounds for some boxes of crispy chicken, french fries, and ice cream commonly used in Baghdad Governorate, to study the effect of crispy chicken and french fries for a period of time (10, 20, 30) minutes and ice cream. (15,30,45) days on some of its properties, and the results revealed that the thickness and percentage of imbibition increased directly with increasing experiment duration at all temperatures studied. The lowest values were reported in 10 minutes for boxes of crispy chicken, French fries boxes, and 15 days for ice cream boxes. The thickness

          The study aimed to determine the effect of alcoholic extract of the wormwood plan )Artemisia -herba -alba) extract on some physical and sensory characteristics of minced chicken meat kofta and the extent of the shelf life of chicken meat during periods of cold storage and to compare it with imported commercial artemisinin. Concentrations of (2, 3, 4) mg/g Alcoholic extract of wormwood and commercial artemisinin for minced chicken meat samples samples were added to minced chicken meat. Microbial tests were conducted on the meat before cooking and during storage periods. After cooking, physical and sensory tests were conducted on the product. T

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adding sumac powder, red pepper, and their mixture to feed on immune traits and the microbial community of the digestive tract of broiler chickens that are raised for 42d. Two hundred non-sexed chicks of the Ross 308 breed were used,. The chicks had an initial weight of 37 g per chick. They were randomly distributed among per each coop. The experiment included four treatments with five replicates each, with an average of 10 chicks per replicate. During the experimental period, the chicks were fed three types of balanced feed containing protein and energy. While the control treatment (T1) consisted of a standard feed without any additions, Add

In the spring season of 2023, a field experiment was carried out in a private field located in the al-Dura/Hor Rajab area. The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of various levels of bio-fertilizer (mycorrhiza and azospirillium bacteria) and the addition of organic fertilizer AgriM40 on the growth and yield of sorghum in saline soil. The experiment also examined the influence of two levels of water stress on the sorghum plants. The soil used in the experiment was a saline soil. The experimental design for the study site was the Split Split-Block arrangement with a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The study involved three factors: the primary factor was irrigation breaks, with two levels 5 and 10 days, t

The isolate of fenugreek protein and fenugreek gum were extract previously obtained using steps conducted from Fenugreek seed. The fenugreek seed protein isolate (FPI) and Fenugreek seed gum (FG) were prepared as a coacervates complex as well as they were studied its characteristics. The best proportion of FPI-FG were optimized to obtain the highest production of (capsule shell) coacervates complex support by estimating of zeta potential and turbidity values. It was found the pH (4.0), FPI- to-FG proportion(6 protein to1 gum) had the best yield for complex production .The freeze-drying dried technique was ultilized to obtain the

             This research was aimed to isolate and diagnose Aspergillus species from this -infected animals collected. From several Baghdad areas, Fifty samples were taken from animals with respiratory illnesses. Molds were isolated and identified using conventional methods (fungal culture on Czapek-Dox agar incubated at 37°C for 3–7 days, then macroscopic, microscopic examination of the colony with lactophenol cotton blue stain) and molecular methods (PCR for identification).  Partial ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from different Aspergillus strains was aligned to find the optimum primers for gene and species identification. A PCR appro

Ten Cultivrs of Arabian date palms were selected from palm stations affiliated to Ministry of Agriculture. The study included 14 phenotypic indicators, such as trunk, leaves, and fruit traits.  The trait of Shoot tip shape  was distinguished by giving the highest value for the genetic diversity index Plymorphism information content (PIC), which amounted to About 0.642, while the lowest value for genetic diversity index PIC was for Fruit stalk color  and the Khalal test, which amounted to 0.268.The results of the genetic dimension analysis, using the Euclidean guide, showed that the highest Euclidean dimension among the varieties was between the Sultani and Khalas varieties, which amounted to 0.66071, while the lowe

         This study, conducted at the University of Baghdad, College of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Plant Protection, aimed to evaluate both chemical and biological factors in inhibiting the hatching of Meloidogyne spp. nematode eggs using ascorbic acid and potassium phosphate at three different concentrations (50, 30, 10 mM). The study aimed to select the effective concentration that significantly impacts the vitality of nematode eggs and juveniles. Additionally, some earthworm-derived products were tested in both solid and liquid states, comparing the results with a commercial compost powder.

The results indicated that the vermico

This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding magnesium on the chemical equilibrium of potassium. The study included five levels of magnesium, Mg₀, Mg₁, Mg₂, Mg₃, and Mg₄, and two levels of potassium, K₀ and K₁₀₀, in two soils of different textures. The results of the study showed that adding magnesium contributed to increasing soluble, exchangeable, and non-exchangeable potassium. And by 64.706, 105.882, 164.706, and 235.294% / 13.986, 29.680, 47.945, and 77.169% / 4.538, 8.372, 13.224, and 26.682% for the level Mg₁, Mg₂, Mg₃, and Mg₄ compared to Mg₀, respectively. The soil with a silt

يتم إهدار حوالي 50٪ من المخلفات النباتية الثانوية الناتجة أثناء الإنتاج الصناعي للفواكه والخضروات، مما يؤثر سلبًا على البيئة ويكلف اموالا طائلة، اذ تعد المخلفات النباتية الثانوية مصدرًا غنيًا للمغذيات التي تدعم صحة الانسان لتقيها من العديد من الامراض (السمنة وامراض القلب)، كما انها  مصدرا للألياف الغذائية والفينولات وهي من المواد المضادة للأكسدة التي يمكن فصلها من نخالة الحنطة وا

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lupine flour (L.f) and lupine protein concentrate (L.P.C) incorporation on chemical, nutritional and sensual qualities characteristics of biscuit (L.P.C) was prepared by isoelectric precipitation method. A standard recipe for biscuit preparation by wheat patent flour used as the control. Wheat flour in the control treatment was replaced with (L.f) and (L.P.C) at levels 10, 20 & 30%. Chemical composition of (L.f), (L.P.C) and biscuit treatments were studied. Results showed that protein contents were 35.35 & 75.80% for (L.F) and (L.P.C), respectively. While they amounted to 14.70, 16.16 & 18.61% for (L.f) incorporated biscuits and

هدف البحث إلى بيان تأثير خصائص التعبئة والتغليف على تقييم المستهلك للمنتجات الغذائية، ولهذا الغرض اعدت استمارة استبانة شملت 20 سؤالا لاستطلاع اراء المستهلك ومدى ادراكه لأهمية تصميم العبوة وتأثير مواد التعبئة والتغليف المصنع منها العبوة وخصائص المنتج وتأثير العلامة التجارية وبلد المنشأ في قرار المستهلك الشرائي، وجرى توزيع الاس

The research aims to determine the strength of the relationship between time management and work pressure and administrative leadership, where he was taken a sample of (47) of the administrative leadership at the Higher Institute of security and administrative development in the Ministry of Interior was used questionnaire as a key tool in collecting data and information and analyzed the answers to the sample surveyed by using Statistical program (spss) in the arithmetic mean of the calculation and test (t) and the correlation coefficient, the research found the most important results: the existence of significant moral positive relationship between both time management and work pressure and administrative leadership, the leadership of th

The current work is characterized by simplicity, accuracy and high sensitivity Dispersive liquid - Liquid Micro Extraction (DLLME). The method was developed to determine Telmesartan (TEL) and Irbesartan (IRB) in the standard and pharmaceutical composition. Telmesartan and Irbesartan are separated prior to treatment with Eriochrom black T as a reagent and formation ion pair reaction dye. The analytical results of DLLME method for linearity range (0.2- 6.0) mg /L for both drugs, molar absorptivity were (1.67 × 105-    5.6 × 105) L/ mole. cm, limit of detection were (0.0242and0.0238), Limit of quantification were (0.0821and0.0711), the Distribution coefficient were

Many people take protein supplements in an effort to gain muscle. However, there is some controversy as to whether this is really effective. There is evidence suggesting that consuming high level s of protein may in fact have negative side effects for health. The current study included 29 young Iraqi building muscles in two different groups (taken and not protein supplements) (age range=17-31 years), the cases were selected from family, friends, college students, and Gyms), from November 2014 to March 2015. A careful history was obtained from each volunteer including age, duration of sports, type of supplements, and family history of diseases. Some biochemical parameters like (glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, serum protei

استهدف البحث التعرف على مدى رضا زراع الذرة الصفراء عن أداء نظام الابتكار الزراعي في محافظة بابل وفي كل مجال من مجالاته ، ولتحقيق أهداف البحث أعدت إستبانة في ضوء الادبيات والدراسات السابقة ذات العلاقة بالموضوع وأراء الخبراء الأختصاصيين وموافقتهم عليها والمتكونة من (19) فقرة توزعت على (4) مجالات ، وشمل مجتمع البحث جميع زراع الذرة الصفراء البالغ عددهم (13065) زارعاُ المسجلين ضمن الشعب الزراعية التابعة لمديرية

The inhibitory activity of the extracted and nano-betaglucan compound was estimated against pathogenic bacteria, as the average diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 200 mg/mL gave the highest inhibitory activity for all types of isolates with significant differences at a probability level (P≤0.05), of which we singled out of Gram-positive bacteria when converting it into a nanocomposite. The results showed that there was no growth inhibition zone for lactic acid bacteria. The cytotoxicity of betaglucan nanocomposite was estimated, as it was observed in the Microculture Tetrazolium Test (MTT) that there were significant differences between the viability of cells in the Human dermal Fibroblast cell line (HdFn) (c

     A field experiment was conducted in an experimental field affiliated with the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, during the fall season of 2022.  Split plot arrangement in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of three replicates was used comprising three levels of sulfur (0, 500, and 1000 kg ha^-1) symbolized by S₀, S₁, and S₂ forming the main plots, added to the soil before planting before two months, while the subplots were the bio-fertilizers represented by B₀ and B₁. Results showed the superiority of the second level of agricultural sulfur, giving the highest traits involving the

This study aimed to isolate a halotolerant bacterial strain, four samples were collected from four sources (salty food) during February 2023. four bacterial isolates were obtained using Modified Nutrient Agar (MNA) by raising the concentration of sodium chloride to 5% as a medium for isolation. Bacterial isolates were initially diagnosed based on culture and morphological characteristics. The obtained isolates showed varying sensitivity to five types of antibiotics, including ampicillin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, cefexin, and gentamycin. The isolates also showed varying ability to grow in a temperature range from 10 to 50 ℃. The results indicated that the isolates were able to grow differently in different concentrations of so

     This study was aimed to using the locally isolated Bacillus subtilis ZE2013 and molecularly identified B. subtilis ZE2013 to produce surfactin,and studying of the optimal it’s conditions, the crude bacteria filtrate have been extracted from culture growth for B. subtilis ZE2013, surfactin was detected by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technology, the results of HPLC analysis revealed that retention time of the produced surfactin from B. subtilis ZE2013 reached 6.02 min compared to the retention time of the stander surfactin which was 6.09