Translating culture-specific proverbs (CSPs) is a challenging task since they often occur in a peculiar context. Further, CSPs are intended to imply meanings that extend far beyond the literal meaning of such a kind of proverbs. As far as English and Arabic are concerned, translators often encounter problems in translating CSPs due to cultural differences between the source language(SL) and the target language (TL) as well as what seems to be the lack of equivalence for some CSPs.

In view of this, the present study aims at investigating the translation of CSPs in three English-Arabic dictionaries of proverbs, namely Dictionary of Common English Proverbs Translated and Explained (2004), One thousand and One English Pr

המחקר הזה עוסק באחד מהסופרים העבריים שנחשבו בעלי־השפעה בתהליך הספרות
העברית החדשה על אף גילו הקצר ועל אף שהוא השאיר עזבון ספרותי מועט , אך עם זה דמותו עולה
לענינו גם מתוך כתביו המעטים כאילו הם טבועים בחותם, הסופר הזה הוא מרדכי זאב פיארברג.
במחקר זה טיפלנו בחייו של המספר הזה בקיצור וגם ביצירותיו באופן כללי, ובסימנים המאפינים
את גיבוריו, ובמיוחד גיבורו של הסיפור "לאן?" שהוא אכן גיבור פיארברגי מובהק והוא נת

The team of this investigation deals with phraseology and the importance of its organized use in the media of communication, especially in the daily newspaper which is used by different society classes.                                                                                      

 So, the journalist

ÖZET

Bir millet veya topluluk kendi varlığını ancak kültürel değerleri ile koruyabilecek; gelecek nesillere aktarabilecek ve dünyanın diğer milletlerine tanıtabilecektir. Böylece dünya milletleri arasında ortak kültürel ve toplumsal değerler tespit edilecek ve bu ortak değerlerden hareketle insanlık hizmetine sunulabilecek çok güzel çalışmalar hazırlanabilecektir. Taşıdıkları zengin kültürel ve toplumsal değerlerinden dolayı masalların halk edebiyatı ürünlerinin şah damarı niteliğinde oldukları söylenebilir. Bu çalışmada Türk okuruna Bağdat halk masallarını tanıtmak için sahadan derlenen on masal metnine yer verilmiştir. Bağdat masal metinlerinin tip ve motif

Euphemisms are advantageous in people’s social life by turning sensitive into a more acceptable ones so that resentful feelings and embarrassment can be avoided. This study investigates the ability of Iraqi English learners in using euphemistic expressions, meanwhile, raising their awareness and the faculty members in English teaching faculties regarding the relevance of discussing the topics that demand euphemisation. This study comprised three stages: initial test, explicit instruction with activities, and a final test for the students’ development in this domain. A test has been distributed among 50 respondents, who are at the fourth year of their undergraduate study at the University of Babylon/ College of Basic Education. The lo

     The study aims at analyzing the inconsistent structural and semantic aspects found in the plays of N.A Ostrovsky. The analysis, that includes all the linguistics schools of thoughts in modern Russian language, is performed chronologically to clarify all the ambiguities that the Russian language learners may face. Such difficulties lie in the use of inconsistent aspects with complete declarative sentences and adverbial clauses. Hence, it constructs a new sentence category that consists of secondary clause and its syncretism semantic.

     The study illustrates the wide scope of both studying the sentence inconsistent

Der am 06. Juli 1944 in Großdomburg bei Bielefeld geborene Bernhard Schlink ist Professor für öffentliches Recht und Rechtsphilosophie. Seine Kindheit- Jugend- und Schulzeiten verbrachte er in Heidelbrg und Mannheim. Das Jurastudium beendete er in Heidelberg und Berlin. 1975 erlangte er den akademischen Titel: Dr. Jur. 1981 Habilitation und seit dem ist er als Professor an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin tätig. Von 1988-2005 Richter des Verfassungsgerichtshofs für das Land Nordrhein-Westfallen.1 Schon früh zeigte Bernhard Schlink sein Interesse, literarische Texte zu schreiben. In den Jahren seiner Pubertät entstanden Sonette, die seiner unglücklichen Jugendliebe gewidmet waren. Sein Studien- und Tätigkeitsfach sollte sein l

Nesrin Erbil, Çağdaş Türk şiirinin kıvançla söyliyebileceğimiz öncü bir isimdir. Gerçek aşk, ayrılık, üzüntü, sevgiliye hasretin yetiştirdiği ve olanaksızlıklara haykıran bir sesidir. O bir Türkcesine tüm zencirleri kıran engelleri aşan sevgiyle sevgiye ve sevgiliye koşan kendi başına bir yaratıcılıktır. Şiirleri Erbil kokar yumuşak saçının tellerini Altın Köprü suyuyla yıkamayı diler. Yüreği ise Gürgür Baba’dır Türkmen için yanar.

          Nesrin Erbil, 1960 yılından sonra Irak’ta gelişen yeni Türk edebiyatı ve serbest şiir akımının en önde gelen temsilcisi olarak, büyük ilgi toplamıştır. Şiire karşı olan merak

This study deals with the thems of "in-betweeness" in the modern Afro-American Drama, drawing upon the accumulated literature of the colonial and postcolonial studies. In-betweeness appears in these studies under the canopy of the terms mimicry, hybridity and liminality which refer to a transformative, in-between state of being. It also refers to themutual relations holdingbetween man and his cultural space.

This concept is fitting the Afro-American playwright Amiri Baraka's plays and his violent, revolutionary theatre. In his play Dutchman (1964), Clay, the protagonist, is a good example of the two-ness or in-betweeness. He finds difficulty choosing between the ethnocentric white culture and the black culture.He allows

המחקר הזה עוסק באחד מהסופרים העבריים שנחשבו בעלי־השפעה בתהליך הספרות העברית החדשה על אף גילו הקצר ועל אף שהוא השאיר עזבון ספרותי מועט, אך עם זה דמותו עולה לענינו גם מתוך כתביו המעטים כאילו הם טבועים בחותם, הסופר הזה הוא מרדכי זאב פיארברג.

            במחקר זה טיפלנו בחייו של המספר הזה בקיצור וגם ביצירותיו באופן כללי, ובסימנים המאפינים את גיבוריו, ובמיוחד גיבורו של הסיפור "

A simile is a figure of speech that draws resemblance with the help of the words such as (like) or any other closer in meaning word. The present paper deals with the theme of a simile in the poetry of Khwaju Kermani, a truly great Persian poet. 

Besides being a great poet, Khwaju Kermani was also a fine professor of sciences. He was, also, known by his ghazals in which he imitated and was influenced by two of the most immense poets (Saadi) and (Hakim Sanai).

The search for knowledge, the pursue of studies and interpretation are among the main themes of Khwaju Kermani’s poetry. He uses ghazals to express love and longing in a mystical manner.

The present paper discusses the poet’s life, ethics and works.&n

El teatro hoy al menos un premio Nobel... se le concedió a José de Echegaray, En 1904 Echegaray compartió el premio Nobel de la literatura con el poeta provenzal Fréderic Mistral, convirtiéndos asi en el primer espaňol en recibir un premio Nobel. El premio le fue entregado en Madrid. El 18 de marzo de 1905 por el Rey Y la comisión sueca organizadora. La concesión del Nobel de Literatura escandalizó a las vanguardias literias espaňolas y en paticular, a los escritores de Generación del 98.
En ese tiempo Echegaray no era considerar un dramaturgo excepcional y su obra era criticada muy duramente por escritores de tanto relieve como clarin o Emilia pardo Bazán. EL mismo mantuvo siempre una actitud distanta con sus obras. Pero

The novel in its construction depends on set of life elements that is employed by the writer or the novelist to create a convincing world that resemble the real life world and as the novel is going toward experimentation and employing modern phenomenon we find the novelist tends to take advantage from the most realistic details to achieve the required convincing state through serious situations and the novelist Maysaloun Hadi depended in writing her novels on creating tight relations between the things and the elements that has inspired her which are mostly from the environment and from reality , as an example of these elements is the old inherited traditions that distinguish Iraq society as this element is a very important point in Iraq

The hero traditionally has such admirable traits as courage, fortitude,
chivalry and patriotism. In the literary works, the hero is the leading
character and the pivot around which all the characters and the events
revolve. The characteristics of the hero usually reflect the cultural values
of his time. Because, in each age, Man's attitudes towards himself and the
world change, different images of the hero emerge.
In Greek Mythology, the hero is frequently favoured by the gods;
therefore, he is himself semi-divine. The Greek hero is of princely birth
and is endowed with good physique, exceptional strength, skill in
athletics and battle, energy and eloquence, like Odysseus who is the hero
of the Odyssey, long

Alice Walker's novel The Color Purple1983, whose events take place in the rural Georgia and addresses the most important issues in the early 20^thcentury; like male dominant society and women submission to men, weaves a mosaic picture of male-female relationships. Black men like Alphonso, Albert and Harpo are portrayed as oppressors, cruel and they exercise power and violence over their wives and daughters. Through the negative portrayal of black male characters, Walker is accused to be a men hating writer because she ''Views oppression as an essentially masculine activity which springs from the male's aggressive need to dominate. In the novel, man is the premium mobile, the one by whom and t

Reading is an interactive process that goes on between the reader and the text, resulting in comprehension. The text presents letters, words, sentences, and paragraphs that encode meaning. The reader uses knowledge, skills, and strategies to determine what that meaning is. Reading comprehension is much more than decoding; it results when the reader knows which skills and strategies are appropriate for the type oftext, and understands how to apply them to accomplish the reading purpose.Reading comprehension is important because without it reading is nothing more than tracking symbols on a page with your eyes and sounding them out leaving the reader with no information. Instead of promoting traditional approaches, reading should be taught

نماد گرایی وجانوران در منطق الطیر

Resumen

      La literatura infantil es uno de los géneros literarios que incluye varios estilos de la prosa, cuento,  poesía etc. Ha florecido en el siglo XX con la aparición de los autores que dedicaron la mayor parte de su tiempo para escribir sus composiciones para los niños, tomando de las leyendas y las historias populares y religiosas a fin de hacerla sencilla para ser correspondiente con sus edades. La traducción de la literatura infantil lleva a ampliar los horizontes y los conocimientos de los niños cuando conocen las costumbres y las tradiciones de los pueblos. Se sabe que hay muchas dificultades respecto al proceso de la traducirían en cuanto a la comprensión de l

We have studied in this research litter (Taa) a morphological , sonic indicative and comparative study among four Semitic languages. They are Arabic , Hebrew, Syriac and Akkadian languages . We have divided the research into a number of pivots beginning with an entrance about the letter (Taa) in Semitic languages and the symbols which are used by these languages referring to . Then we have studied (Taa) from sonic side with letters phenomenon (b, g, k, p, t) the six in both Hebrew and Syriac languages . The letter (Taa) is formed one of them and the sonic change that is happening in articulation (Taa) according to sonic rules related to these letters in case of emphasis or in case of neglected (not emphasis). Then we have studied the pro

Learning a foreign language is a highly interactive process, and a belief that communicative activities foster a great amount of linguistic production provides language practice and opportunities for negotiation of meaning during communicative exchanges. Thus, this study examines what benefits learner-centered classroom setting offers compared with that of teacher–centered classroom, and how less proficient learners accomplish their tasks and activities with scaffolded help during interaction with the help of proficient classmates and under the guidance of a skilful person, i.e., the teacher. The subjects participating in this study are 30 Iraqi 4^th year college students in the Department of English, College of Arts , Univer

The present paper, practical methods of professional translation, discusses the most important methods to achieve an accurate effective translation from the source language text  to the equivalent target language text.

The present study suggests that practical translation like any literary activity is of six main stages that follow sequential order to achieve an accurate translation: (choosing the foreign text to be translated, the author of the text permission, the text translation, considering the title contextual meaning, reviewing the text translation, and finally finding a good publisher).

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر که با عنوان گام­های عملی یک ترجمهء حر

En el contexto de la disponibilidad léxica, Esta investigación surge de la necesidad de enseñar, a los estudiantes extranjeros de comunicación que cursan sus estudios en nuestra universidad, el español especializado que realmente necesitan. La metodología disponibilidad léxica ofrece una oportunidad en cuanto a la elaboración de los manuales.

Abstract

This article presents the lexical availability as a practical tool, this research can be exploited didactically in the teaching of vocabulary as a foreign languages LE.

Our research comes to shed light on Iraqi literature as literature that arose in special circumstances alongside foreign literature. Using comparative research methods, we chose to highlight two distinguished writers, who have their mark in the world of literature. The first is the Iraqi writer Maysaloun Hadi, who is considered an icon of Iraqi feminist literature, and the second is the French writer Le Clézieu, who won the Nobel in 2008. We will see through the research how the two authors expressed their views of modernity and urbanism. And how each of them separately portrayed the psychological and moral projections that formed the essence of man today. 

Résumé

Notre recherche abord un des points inc

The present study is entitled “Problems of Translating Holy Qur’an Antonyms into German: An Analytical Study”. It discusses some of the problems of translating Holy Qur’an verses that contain words so opposite in meaning to another word. The main concern of the study stresses some of the errors in translating the oppositeness of certain words of Holy Qur’an from Arabic into other languages like German, a problem that can be traced back to the fact that such words may have two opposites in meaning, one is considered and the other is completely neglected.

      The errors in translating al Qur’an Antonyms can be summarized for several reasons: literal translation, ignorance of the different view

The current paper aims to study the different forms by which the theme of labyrinth imposes itself as a preferred narrative structure in the novels of the French writer Patrick Modiano. Theoretically speaking, the current research paper will limit itself to the theoretical framework of the textual poetics which relies on the study of literary texts without paying much attention, neither to the context, nor to the life of its author. The analysis of the strong and varied links that Modiano's novels establish with labyrinth represents a field which has not received adequate attention by the critical studies dedicated to this French writer. As it will be shown throughout the current paper, Modiano views labyrint

 Abstract  Lanɡauaɡes, like humans, need communication and interaction to prosper. One of the ways for a language to flourish is to borrow words from other languages. The southern regions of Iran and the coastal countries of Persian Gulf have had strong cultural relations since old times, with language being a dimension of these relations. With their land being geographically located in the realm of Islamic civilization and being Muslims,  Baloch people have had strong connections with the Arab world and the Arabic language.Thus, many Arabic words have made their ways into Balochi language either directly or indirectly through persian language. Since each language has its own unique sound structure, these loanwords have undergone ph

המחקר מתייחס לתופעת ההקטנה משני ענפים את הסימנטיקה והמורפופונולוגיה בשפה העברית, ומנסה ליגלוי את המשמעות בתוך ההקשר של צורות ההקטנה לדוגמאות מן התורה טקסטים מחדשות, שירה וסיפורים, הרי שחלק מהמשמעויות של מבנה הפלט עומדות בניגוד למשמעויות הבסיס או הדרגה במשמעות, כך מביעות על (הקטנה, חיבה, או זלזול) שרובן לא התקיימו בעברית הקלאסית, מצד אחר המחקר בדק במבנים המורפולוגיים במייוחד (המשקלים של צורת ההקטנה) ומבחין את

This is an abstract  of  a thesis entitled   A  contrastive  study  of  Turkish and Arabic  consonants . In fact , languages  have different numbers  of sounds .  Speakers of  a language  find  it difficult  to  learn  foreign  language  sounds whose  native  language  do  not  have . The  thesis is contrastive  study  that  shows  similarit ies  and  differences   between  Turkish  and  Arabic  consonants . The  study sheds  light  on  the  difficulties  arab  students  of  Turkish  face  because

     Poetry is regarded an interesting area of inquiry in linguistic studies due to its eccentric and aesthetic use of language. A lot of studies have been carried out so far for the analysis of poetry, yet few have dealt with pastoral poetry. The present research attempts to investigate the language of pastoral poetry in two different languages i.e. English and Arabic with the aim of finding similarities and differences. The data of the study consists of one English and one Arabic pastoral poems. Leech and Short's (2007) checklist is used as a model for analysis. The findings of the study reveal that there are more similarities than differences between English and Arabic pastoral poems as the poems rely on contrast

Уменьшительность (диминутивность) – особое языковое значение, связанное прежде всего с указанием на уменьшение размера объекта. Как правило, выражается морфологически путем прибавления определенного аффикса к именной основе.

          Изучение категории диминутивности принадлежит к числу сложных и недостаточно исследованных вопросов языкознания. В лингвистических трудах ра