يحتل النفط مكانة هامة وجوهرية ضمن اقتصاديات العالم، حيث إنه يمثل سلعة استراتيجية عالمية ومادة أولية أساسية في الصناعات الكيميائية والبتروكيميائية، كما أنه متعدد الاستعمالات، سواء في الصناعة أو الزراعة، بالإضافة إلى استعمالاته في الحياة اليومية للإنسان، مما جعله ذا مكانة مهمة ضمن أطر التجارة الدولية وموقع خاص في تشكيل الخريطة الاقتصادية للعالم. وقد جاء هذا البحث ليسلط الضوء على استراتيجيات منظمة الأوبك لضبط أسعار النفط العالمية وأثرها على استقرار الاقتصاد العراقي، هذا الاقتصاد الريعي الذي يعتمد بشكل رئيسي على عائدات النفط، فيتأثر إيجابًا بارتفاع سعر برميل النفط وينتعش، ويتأثر سلبًا بانخفاض أسعار النفط لدرجة قد يواجه معها عجزًا كبيرًا في الميزانية الاتحادية. وعلى الرغم من الأهمية البالغة التي يلعبها النفط بالنسبة للدول المصدرة والمستوردة، إلا أن أسعاره ما انفكت تتقلب بين الحين والآخر، الأمر الذي ينعكس سلبًا على الاقتصاد العالمي بشكل عام، والاقتصاد العراقي بشكل خاص. وقد تم البحث في مدى تأثير آليات واستراتيجيات منظمة الأوبك لضبط أسعار النفط العالمية، المتمثلة في استراتيجية خفض سعر برميل النفط، وكذلك اتباع استراتيجية أخرى وهي خفض الإنتاج. وكان للاستراتيجيتين تأثير واضح على استقرار الاقتصاد العراقي، حيث تشكل عائدات النفط الرافد الرئيسي لإيرادات الدولة لتمويل الموازنة العامة. وقد تبين من خلال البحث أن الاقتصاد العراقي يبقى اقتصادًا ريعيًا ما لم يتم تطوير القطاعات الصناعية والزراعية لتنويع مصادر العملة الصعبة.
The current paper studied the concept of right n-derivation satisfying certified conditions on semigroup ideals of near-rings and some related properties. Interesting results have been reached, the most prominent of which are the following: Let M be a 3-prime left near-ring and A_1,A_2,…,A_n are nonzero semigroup ideals of M, if d is a right n-derivation of M satisfies on of the following conditions,
d(u_1,u_2,…,(u_j,v_j ),…,u_n )=0 ∀ 〖 u〗_1 〖ϵA〗_1 ,u_2 〖ϵA〗_2,…,u_j,v_j ϵ A_j,…,〖u_n ϵA〗_u;
d((u_1,v_1 ),(u_2,v_2 ),…,(u_j,v_j ),…,(u_n,v_n ))=0 ∀u_1,v_1 〖ϵA〗_1,u_2,v_2 〖ϵA〗_2,…,u_j,v_j ϵ A_j,…,〖u_n,v_n ϵA〗_u ;
d((u_1,v_1 ),(u_2,v_2 ),…,(u_j,v_j ),…,(u_n,v_n ))=(u_
The effect of internal acoustic excitation on the leading-edge, separated boundary layers and the aerodynamic performance of NACA23015 cross section airfoil are examined as a function of excitation location with ranging frequency range (50-400) Hz of the introduced acoustic. Tests are separately conducted in two sections, open type wind tunnels at the Reynolds number of 3.3x105 for measurement at angle of attack (0, 3, 6, 9 &12) deg. and 3x104 for the visualization at angle of attack (12) deg. based on the airfoil chord. Results indicated that the excitation frequency and the excitation location are the key parameters to alter the flow properties and thus to improve the aerodynamic performance. The most effective excitation frequency
... Show MoreThe growing phenomenon of drug abuse in light of the increasing psychological and social pressures experienced by members of the community of wars and crises of the Iraqi society in the middle of the last decade was Andv societies that are free of the phenomenon of drug addiction, but with a high level events, wars and economic crises and the deterioration of the situation security and lack of control on the border with the neighboring countries, it has become a breeding ground and the focus of drug-smuggling gangs, all of which led to the spread of drug abuse, especially among the youth category, and undoubtedly the seriousness of drug abuse Taatmd negative community impacts, Valmtaati drug becomes a member unproductive and unable to ea
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The phenomenon of financial failure is one of the phenomena that requires special attention and in-depth study due to its significant impact on various parties, whether they are internal or external and those who benefit from financial performance reports. With the increase in cases of bankruptcy and default facing companies and banks, interest has increased in understanding the reasons that led to this financial failure. This growing interest should be a reason to develop models and analytical methods that help in the early detection of this increasing phenomenon in recent year . The research examines the use of
... Show MoreThe phenomenon of financial failure is one of the phenomena that requires special attention and in-depth study due to its significant impact on various parties, whether they are internal or external and those who benefit from financial performance reports. With the increase in cases of bankruptcy and default facing companies and banks, interest has increased in understanding the reasons that led to this financial failure. This growing interest should be a reason to develop models and analytical methods that help in the early detection of this increasing phenomenon in recent year . The research examines the use of Sherrod's model in predicting financial failure in Iraqi private banks. The researchers relied on this mathematical model to anal
... Show MoreThis research aims to study the mechanism of application of international specification requirements (ISO 9001: 2015) at the Iraqi Center- Korean Vocational Training return to vocational training department at the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs for the purpose of preparing and creating the center to get a certificate of conformity with the requirements of the standard (ISO 9001: 2015) that would elevate the level of performance and services provided in the respondent Center after it is identified and the study of the reality of the quality management system by identifying strengths and weaknesses in the system to diagnose the gap and find ways to address that gap, and adopted the researchers the case study method to conduc
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Iraqi conventional gasoline characterized by its low octane number not exceed 82 and high lead and sulfur content. In this paper tri-component or ternary, blends of gasoline, ethanol, and methanol presented as an alternative fuel for Iraqi conventional gasoline. The study conducted by using GEM blend that equals E85 blend in octane rating. The used GEM selected from Turner, 2010 collection. G37 E20 M43 (37% gasoline + 20% ethanol+ 43% methanol) was chosen as GEM in present study. This blend used in multi-cylinder Mercedes engine, and the engine performance, and emitted emissions compared with that produced by a gasoline engine.
The results show that this blend can formulate with available Iraqi pro
... Show MoreThe research sought to demonstrate the effectiveness of monetary policy in banking stability by measuring the impact of monetary policy in the composite index of banking stability in Iraq for the period 2010/2017, as the stability of the financial system is one of the main objectives that the Central Bank is keen to achieve along with other objectives to ensure the performance Effective for all economic units, this is what prompted the central banks to give more attention in ensuring the safety, durability and stability of their financial systems, and the increasing interest by the Central Bank of Iraq in the subject of financial stability stems from its responsibility in ensuring a sound and stable financial system. Maintain it and mini
... Show MoreAbu Al- Qasim Qa ,im Maqam is famous figure in political life of lranian; The life of Abu Al- Qasim Qa ,im Maqam is full of incidents and conflicts in the period of the expansion of foreign influence in lran Abu Al- Qasim Qa ,im Maqam has an important role in the history of Iran Modern political considered him one of the most prominent leaders to the unified Arabian nationalistic liberating Abu Al- Qasim Qa ,im Maqam raised in the history of the Qajar .
Several recent approaches focused on the developing of traditional systems to measure the costs to meet the new environmental requirements, including Attributes Based Costing (ABCII). It is method of accounting is based on measuring the costs according to the Attributes that the product is designed on this basis and according to achievement levels of all the Attribute of the product attributes. This research provides the knowledge foundations of this approach and its role in the market-oriented compared to the Activity based costing as shown in steps to be followed to apply for this Approach. The research problem in the attempt to reach the most accurate Approach in the measurement of the cost of products from th
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