Despite the global economic downturn, online e-commerce, especially the sale of counterfeit goods, continues to witness a rise in sales, and one of the important players in e-commerce is the owners of e-commerce auction sites. Although they do not have a direct role in trademark infringement, they still consider them indirectly responsible (secondary liability) for infringing on their trademarks. Thus, many cases have been filed by the owners of the original trademarks (which have been infringed by persons who have sold some of the goods and products that are imitating their marks through some electronic auctions) against the owners of those auctions. In view of the international character of the Internet, in different countries, and despite the similarity of the legal facts in those cases, however, the jurisprudence regarding the responsibility of electronic auction owners to contribute to trademark infringement came from one country to another. Indeed, some of the courts have changed their position from one case to another because of their changing views on the facts of those actions and their desire to achieve a fair balance of responsibility between trademark owners and electronic auction holders.
The performance of single and two stage solar concentrator were studied ' " The ratio of the primary to the secondary mirrors diameter is taking to be 0.5, depending on the theoretical calculation for the accumulated energy by the concentrator with ratio between 0.0 to 0.9. The design of the systems were designed and examined by using a ray-tracing program. The efficiency of the single and the two stage concentrators are calculated and compared with and without cooling systems.
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The leading causes of death, particularly among the elderly, are cardiovascular illnesses, which are frequently linked to altered lifestyle patterns. Numerous academic studies on health and disease have stressed the role of micronutrients like zinc. Furthermore, both healthy and unwell patients are increasingly consuming dietary supplements that contain micronutrients for wellbeing. Cardiovascular disease can be brought on by trace element deficiencies, particularly zinc insufficiency. This study's goal is to analyze current theories regarding the benefits of zinc supplementation for people with cardiovascular problems. We used reliable websites like Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research Gate to find the most recent papers. Preprints
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The study of cohomology groups is one of the most intensive and exciting researches that arises from algebraic topology. Particularly, the dimension of cohomology groups is a highly useful invariant which plays a rigorous role in the geometric classification of associative algebras. This work focuses on the applications of low dimensional cohomology groups. In this regards, the cohomology groups of degree zero and degree one of nilpotent associative algebras in dimension four are described in matrix form.
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The main objective of this thesis is to study new concepts (up to our knowledge) which are P-rational submodules, P-polyform and fully polyform modules. We studied a special type of rational submodule, called the P-rational submodule. A submodule N of an R-module M is called P-rational (Simply, N≤_prM), if N is pure and Hom_R (M/N,E(M))=0 where E(M) is the injective hull of M. Many properties of the P-rational submodules were investigated, and various characteristics were given and discussed that are analogous to the results which are known in the concept of the rational submodule. We used a P-rational submodule to define a P-polyform module which is contained properly in the polyform module. An R-module M is called P-polyform if every es
... Show MoreThis paper investigates the concept (α, β) derivation on semiring and extend a few results of this map on prime semiring. We establish the commutativity of prime semiring and investigate when (α, β) derivation becomes zero.
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Some new heterocyclic compounds containing, cyclohexenone, indazole, isoxazoline, pyrmidine and pyrazoline ring system were prepared from chalcones (1a,b). The starting chalcones (1a,b) were obtained by a base catalyzed condensation of appropriately substituted benzaldehydes and 2-acetylbenzofuran. The reaction of the prepared chalcones with ethylacetoacetate/hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, urea, thiourea, hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine or hydrazide derivatives gave the mentioned heterocycles. All synthesized compounds have been characterized by physical and spectral methods.
Iraqi kaolin was used for the preparation and characterization of NaY zeolite for biodiesel production via esterification reaction. Oleic acid was used usually as a typical simulated feedstock of high acid number for the esterification reaction.
The chemical composition for the prepared Nay zeolite is as following: (Ca2.6Na1.K0.1)(Al6.3Si17.7)O48.16H2O, the silica to alumina ratio in the prepared catalyst was found equal to 2.6 and Na2O content was 12.26 wt. %, with relative crystallinity equal to 147.4 % obtained by the X-ray diffraction. The surface area result shows that the prepared catalyst has 330 m2
... Show MoreIn this work, silver (Ag) self-metallization on a polyimide (PI) film was prepared through autocatalytic plating. PI films were prepared through the solution casting method, followed by etching with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, sensitization with tin chloride (SnCl2), and the use of palladium chloride (PdCl2) to activate the surface of PI. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) showed the highest peak in the (Ag) region and confirmed the presence of AgNPs. The diffraction peaks at 2θ = 38.2°, 44.5°, 64.6°, and 78.2° represented the 111, 200, 220, and 311 planes of Ag, respectively. The FT–IR an
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Magnesium hydroxide was used as flame inhibitor to increased flame resistance for tires .Magnesium hydroxide was adding with (5%,10%) weight percents to rubber master batch of tire and then exposed the resulting material to a flame generated from gas torch with (10 mm) exposure distance . Method of measuring the surface temperature opposite to the flame was used to determine the heat transferred through tire material. The results were obtained shows enhanced flame resistance for tire by added magnesium hydroxide and this resistance increased by increasing hydroxide Percentage .
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