The Taylor series is defined by the f and g series. The solution to the satellite's equation of motion is expanding to generate Taylor series through the coefficients f and g. In this study, the orbit equation in a perifocal system is solved using the Taylor series, which is based on time changing. A program in matlab is designed to apply the results for a geocentric satellite in low orbit (height from perigee, hp= 622 km). The input parameters were the initial distance from perigee, the initial time, eccentricity, true anomaly, position, and finally the velocity. The output parameters were the final distance from perigee and the final time values. The results of radial distance as opposed to time were plotted for dissimilar times in seconds and their comparison with the exact solution, with the aim of selecting an optimized reference orbit at a height of 622 km. The results indicated that the two series diverged excessively as the time increased from the exact solution, excluding the time of 850 sec. The f and g series had a little shift. Besides, the root mean square error (rmse) is computed for 750 sec. It was about 5 for the two series before diverging at about 180 sec and rapidly growing with time. For 850 sec, the (rmse) is approaching 10 for the two series and increasing quickly over time. So, the (rmse) is directly proportional to time, which means that as time increases, the diverging behavior and the value of the (rmse) will also increase. If more terms (Δt) are used for the two series and more time is included, the two series will deviate from the exact solution. The program's results are compared to other published studies in this field; they demonstrated high convergence.
Over the past few years, ear biometrics has attracted a lot of attention. It is a trusted biometric for the identification and recognition of humans due to its consistent shape and rich texture variation. The ear presents an attractive solution since it is visible, ear images are easily captured, and the ear structure remains relatively stable over time. In this paper, a comprehensive review of prior research was conducted to establish the efficacy of utilizing ear features for individual identification through the employment of both manually-crafted features and deep-learning approaches. The objective of this model is to present the accuracy rate of person identification systems based on either manually-crafted features such as D
... Show More
(30)
(24)
This dissertation depends on study of the topological structure in graph theory as well as introduce some concerning concepts, and generalization them into new topological spaces constructed using elements of graph. Thus, it is required presenting some theorems, propositions, and corollaries that are available in resources and proof which are not available. Moreover, studying some relationships between many concepts and examining their equivalence property like locally connectedness, convexity, intervals, and compactness. In addition, introducing the concepts of weaker separation axioms in α-topological spaces than the standard once like, α-feebly Hausdorff, α-feebly regular, and α-feebly normal and studying their properties. Furthermor
... Show MoreThis investigation was carried out to study the treatment and recycling of wastewater in the cotton textile industry for an effluent containing three dyes: direct blue, sulphur black and vat yellow. The reuse of such effluent can only be made possible by appropriate treatment method such as chemical coagulation. Ferrous and ferric sulphate with and without calcium hydroxide were employed in this study as the chemical coagulants.
The results showed that the percentage removal of direct blue ranged between 91.4 and 94 , for sulphur black ranged between 98.7 and 99.5 while for vat yellow it was between 97 and 99.
(7)
(6)
This paper is concerned with introducing and studying the first new approximation operators using mixed degree system and second new approximation operators using mixed degree system which are the core concept in this paper. In addition, the approximations of graphs using the operators first lower and first upper are accurate then the approximations obtained by using the operators second lower and second upper sincefirst accuracy less then second accuracy. For this reason, we study in detail the properties of second lower and second upper in this paper. Furthermore, we summarize the results for the properties of approximation operators second lower and second upper when the graph G is arbitrary, serial 1, serial 2, reflexive, symmetric, tra
... Show More
(13)
(7)
In cognitive radio networks, there are two important probabilities; the first probability is important to primary users called probability of detection as it indicates their protection level from secondary users, and the second probability is important to the secondary users called probability of false alarm which is used for determining their using of unoccupied channel. Cooperation sensing can improve the probabilities of detection and false alarm. A new approach of determine optimal value for these probabilities, is supposed and considered to face multi secondary users through discovering an optimal threshold value for each unique detection curve then jointly find the optimal thresholds. To get the aggregated throughput over transmission
... Show More
(1)