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jperc-860
اثر العصف الذهني في تحصيل طلبة الصف الثاني متوسط بمادة التاريخ
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أولاً : مشكلة البحث :

أن مشكلة البحث تتمثل بوجود حاجة لتحسين الطرائق والأساليب المتبعة في التدريس ولذلك اتجهت البحوث في مجال التربية وعلم النفس إلى تحديد طرائق التدريس المناسبة لتطوير التفكير.         

ومن هذه الأساليب الحديثة  العصف الذهني بوصفها من اكثر الطرق التي قد  تؤدي إلى تحفيز الطلبة وأثاره القدرات الإبداعية لديهم في حقول التربية والتعليم والتجارة والصناعة والسياسة فضلاً عن العديد من الجهات ذات العلاقة والتي تستفيد من التـطور العـلمي والتـربوي لمـواكبة الـتطورات الـجارية في العالم ومنها مجتمعنا العربي بصورة عـامة وقــــطرنا العـراقي بصـورة خـاصة (مروان ،1999:ص17)

أن المجتمعات المتقدمة لم تحرز تقدمها الحالي ألا بفضل اعتمادها على أساليب التفكير وطرق بحثه الدقيقة ويعد العلم في عصرنا الحالي سلاح الأمم الوحيد في معركة التقدم والرقي واكتساب القوة، فلم تعد المسألة أعدداً بشرية فخمة ولا مساحات شاسعة وانما أصبحت القوة لمن يمتلك ناصية العلم والاختراع .

وتتجلى مشكلة البحث بـــ
  • اعتماد التدريسيين على طرائق التدريس الاعتيادية ( الإلقائية ) التي تجعل من الطالب مستمع فقط ويردد ما يقوله مدرس المادة

 

  • أن كثيراً من الدراسات أكدت على أن الاسئله الامتحانية تعتمد على المستويات الدنيا من التفكير ( حفظ واستذكار ) واهمال المستويات العليا من التفكير ( التحليل والتركيب والتقويم ) ( نعمان ،1993: ص 13 ) ( محمد ، 1987 : ص 12 )

      ولذا ترى الباحثة وعلى حد علمها ونتيجة لاطلاعها على الدراسات التي تخص موضوع البحث أن هناك قصوراً واضحاً للدراسات التي تتوجه نحو طريقة العصف الذهني وندرتها في ميدان طرائق التدريس وكأحد الحلول المقترحة لمواجهة هذا القصور استهدفت الباحثة التعرف على أثر العصف الذهني  في التحصيل الدراسي لطلبة الصف الثاني متوسط في مادة التاريخ

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Effect of Secondary Metabolite Crude of Metarhizum anisopliea Fungus on the Second Larval Stage of the Housefly Musca domestica
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         The house flies Musca domestica )Diptera:musidae) are the primary carrier of many pathogens such as cholera, typhoid, anthrax, and others. The use of chemical pesticides as a basic method of control leads to many problems at the environmental and health level. The use of safe alternatives to chemical pesticides has become an urgent necessity. The research aims to find biological alternatives that are environment-friendly and non-pathogenic to humans in controlling house flies through the possibility of extracting and diagnosing some secondary metabolites produced by the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and testing their effects on the second larval stage of house flies using different treatment methods that include

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