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الفكر التربوي عند رفاعة رافع الطهطاوي
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اهمية البحث والحاجة اليه

      لم تعد التربية في الوقت الحاضر اعتباطا وتخبطا ، أنها علم وفن ، نظر وعمل ، اجتهاد وتطبيق ، اختصاص وابتكار والمربي ، أبا ، إما أو معلما أو زعيما أو مصلحا اجتماعيا ، أصبح بحاجة ماسة للاطلاع على التربية وفكرها التربوي والتعمق في أساليبها ووسائلها ( عاقل ، 1978 ،ص 3 ) .

    إن بناء المجتمع أو التربية ،لايمكن إن يكون لهوا ولعبا ، والحق إن بناء المجتمع بناء صحيحا لايمكن ألا إن يكون على أساس من الماضي والحاضر والمستقبل ، الماضي بخصائصه وتراثه ، والحاضر بواقعه والأمة والمستقبل بآماله وأهدافه ( عاقل ،1978 ،ص 180 ). 

  لذا جلب تطور المجتمعات البشرية عبر العصور التاريخية حضارات وثقافات مختلفة         ,وكان بالضرورة إن تتضمن نتاجات تلك الحضارات والثقافات محتوى الفكر البشري من تربية وعادات وفلسفات وغيرها من مكنونات الثقافة .وإن نظرة معمقة إلى خارطة الفكر البشري ،نجد الفكر العربي الإسلامي على مساحة واسعة من الخصوبة والنتاج بفعل نشاطات فكرية في جوانب مختلفة .

   وما يميزتلك الافكارهو الفكر التربوي العربي الإسلامي والذي يتميز بالأصالة والتفتح فالأصالة تعني إن دقائق الفكر التربوي العربي الإسلامي وجزيئاته هي أجزاء ودقائق عربية وإسلامية ، لذا يميزه من غيره وبقدر ما يكون الفكر التربوي أصيلا ماله وما يميزه من خصائص فهو منفتح بصفته جزء من الفكر الإنساني ( الموسوي ، 2000 , ص9 ) .

    لذا نرى إن الفكر التربوي تبؤا مكانة ممتازة لدى العلماء المسلمين باعتباره السبيل الذي ينير العقول ويفتح إمام الأمة سبيل التقدم والنهضة والتطور وهذا يعتمد على العلماء والمفكرين التربويين .

   لذا فان الغاية من دراسة هذا الموضوع هي إلقاء نظرة على الفيلسوف الكندي وما يحمله هذا الفيلسوف من أفكار وأراء علمية وفلسفية وفكرية وتربوية.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 14 2016
Journal Name
Euphrates Journal Of Agricultural Science
A field compare five horticulture machines when used normal and super Iraqi fuel
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A field Experiment was carried out in Baghdad for the purpose of compare five horticulture machines during used two types of fuel deffirance in octane number, normal and super fuel which produced in Iraqi and measuring the vibrations transmitted of the three axes are longitudinal X , lateral Y and vertical Z from handlebar in (Mowers) to the operator which walks behind the mower, and the determine of the productivity practical of cutting, productivity passing and fuel consumption. Experiment Factorial used with two factors, The first factor was Five Mowers vary in width , types, weight and company manufacturer, The Second factor was the types of fuel used internal combination engine horticulture mowers were Normal fuel with Octane Number 82

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The women at Al-Sakhaawi Book "A;-Dhau Al-Lami", Study in the social life
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In our previous research , we study the method of women by ( al – sakhaawi " died 902
ah/1496a.c"book witch called ( al- dhau, al-lami) .
So in this paper , we will discuss the social life of women in the mamluk period through the
same book ,especially when the sakhaawi devoted a full part for women in the same book
called it (mhagam ,al –nessa)wich it translations a large number of women like wives
,daughters ,sisters ,and maids of mamluk sultans ,so that make my able to know a lot about
the social life of woman which we study it like a social aspects of women, here wealth,
business, professions ,and in the last we study the habits of them marriage .

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 08 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Cross-focusing Effect of Two Intense Laser Beams on Electron Plasma Wave Excitation
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This paper presents the effect of relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearity on cross-focusing of two intense laser beams in a collisionless and unmagnetized plasma. It should be noted here that while considering the self-focusing due to relativistic electron mass variation, the electron ponderomotive density depression in the channel may also be important. Therefore/these two nonlinearties may simultaneously affect the self-focusing process. These nonlinearities depend not only on the intensity of one laser but also on the second laser. Therefore, one laser beam affects the dynamics of the second beam and hence the process of cross-focusing takes place. The electric field amplitude of the excited electron plasma wave (EPW) has been cal

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 11 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Effectiveness of Teaching Program Based on The Theory of Multiple Intelligence in the Development of Literary Thinking Among Students
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The research aims to know the effectiveness of a training program based on multiple intelligence theory in developing literary thinking among students of the Arabic Language Department at Ibn Rushd School of Humanities and to achieve the goal of research, the Safaris Research Institute, and the research community of Arabic language students in the Faculty of Education the third section of Arabic Language: The research sample consists of (71) students. Divided into (35) students in the experimental group and (36) students in the control group, the researcher balanced between the two groups with variables (intelligence, testing of tribal literary thinking, and time age in months), and after using the T-test for two independent samples, the

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Prediction of Equilibrium Mixing Index and Optimum Mixing Time for Three solid materials in Fluidized Column
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     Equilibrium and rate of mixing of free flowing solid materials are found using gas fluidized bed. The solid materials were sand (size 0.7 mm), sugar (size0.7 mm) and 15% cast iron used as a tracer. The fluidizing gas was air with velocity ranged from 0.45-0.65 m/s while the mixing time was up to 10 minutes. The mixing index for each experiment was calculated by averaging the results of 10 samples taken from different radial and axial positions in fluidized QVF column 150 mm ID and 900 mm height.

     The experimental results were used in solving a mathematical model of mixing rate and mixing index at an equilibrium proposed by Rose. The results show that mixing index increases with inc

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 23 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The effect of the reciprocal reading strategy in developing innovative reading skills for fifth-year secondary school students / scientific branch
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       This research aims to identify the impact of the reciprocal reading strategy on developing the innovative reading skills of fifth-grade secondary school students/ scientific branch. To achieve the goal of the research, an achievement test to measure the academic achievement of fifth-grade secondary school students in  Arabic language grammar was prepared,  a sample of (60) female students from the secondary school of Al- Bawaba Al-Sharkey for Girls in Baghdad were chosen for the academic year (2019-2020). For the purpose of applying the experiment, the test was applied on a pilot sample consisting of (30) students from the same research community. The researcher herself had taught the three

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Prevalence of Celiac Disease in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in children and adolescents attending Children Welfare Teaching Hospital
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Background: The association of celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus is known worldwide due to shared auto immunological background, since celiac disease could present in diabetic patients with non specific symptoms or asymptomatically, periodic serological screening is necessary for early diagnosis.
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes.
Patients and methods: A total of 152 children with type 1 diabetes attending the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital; 67 boys, 85 girls with mean age of 10.3 year± 3.7 and mean duration of diabetes 3.5years ±2.5, from May 2010 -May 2011 were screened for celiac disease using immunoglobulin A and G tissue trans

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Evaluation of Resonance Strengths and Reaction Rates of 22Ne (p, gamma) 23Na Nuclear Reaction at Thermonuclear Energies
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At thermal energies near stellar conditions, nuclear reactions are sensitive to resonance strengths of the nuclear reaction cross-section. In this paper, the resonance strengths of  nuclear reaction were evaluated numerically by means of nuclear reaction rate calculations using a written Matlab code, at the energies of interest in stellar nuclear reactions. The results were compared with standard reaction before and after application of a statistical analyses, to select the best parameters that made theoretical results as close as possible to the standard values. Fitting was made for different temperature ranges up to 10 GK, 0.6 GK and 0.25 GK. The evaluated results showed that as the temperature range becomes narrower, more error is ad

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 02 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
The association between HL. A class II and iraqi leukemic patients.
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Background: Leukemia isba type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow that is characterized by an abnormal increase of white blood cells.

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Impact of Psychological Distress in Women upon Coping with Breast Cancer: Coping with Breast Cancer
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Objective(s): To determine the impact of psychological distress in women upon coping with breast cancer.

Methodology: A descriptive design is carried throughout the present study. Convenient sample of (60) woman with breast cancer is recruited from the community. Two instruments, psychological distress scale and coping scale are developed for the study. Internal consistency reliability and content validity are obtained for the study instruments. Data are collect through the application of the study instruments. Data are analyzed through the use of descriptive statistical data analysis approach and inferential statistical data analysis approach.

Results: The study findings depict that women with breast cancer have experien

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