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The guarantees to the rule of law Iraq and Algeria exemplar

      ان اي مجتمع لابد له من سلطة تنظم امره وتدبر شؤونه لان المجتمع الانساني ضروري ويعبر الحكماء عن هذا بقولهم (( الانسان مدني بالطبع اي لابد له من الاجتماع ))(


[i]) ، وان مبدأ سيادة القانون يتطلب وجود دولة قانونية تقوم على اركان حقيقية تستمد قوتها من الشعب باعتباره مصدر السلطات ،ولها قوة ملزمة تستمدها من القواعد الدستورية التي ارست عليها بنائها القانوني.

      واليوم ونحن في العقد الثاني من الالفية الثالثة نرى مدى تطور الانظمة الديمقراطية التي قطعت اشواطاً كبيرة في بناء دولة المؤسسات والقانون ،اي الدولة القانونية التي تقوم على مبدأ المساواة بين مواطنيها ، وعلى التداول السلمي لنقل السلطة بين حكامها .

     ان دولة القانون تعني سريان حكم القانون على الحاكم والمحكوم على حد سواء ، لذلك فأن من اهم ضمانات مبدأ سيادة القانون هو وجود رقابة حقيقية وفعالة لتطبيق القانون وحمايته من اي تجاوز عليه من السلطات ،او افراد الشعب ،ومن هذه الضمانات الرقابة السياسية التي تكون اوسع قاعدة رقابية لما فيها من حلقات رقابية متعددة ومتنوعة تعمل على حماية القانون وضمان احترامه ، وللإدارة دور في حماية مبدأ سيادة القانون من خلال الرقابة الادارية التي تسمح للإدارة بمراجعة اعمالها وامكانيتها في سحب اعمالها المخالفة لمبدأ المشروعية، وان كانت هي الحكم والخصم في هذه الحماية الا ان عملها المتنوع ذاتي متعدد الدرجات .

    ولم يقف الامر عندها بل وجود الرقابة القضائية يعد صمام امان حقيقي بين الادارة ومواطنيها والتي تعمل على حماية حقوق وحريات الافراد من اي تجاوز، وهي اكثر انواع الرقابة فاعلية لأنها تعمل على الموازنة بين المصلحة العامة والمصلحة الخاصة، وان ابهى صور الدولة القانونية تتجلى في صيانة مبدأ المشروعية الذي يعني( ان يخضع الحكام جميعاً للقانون ،بحيث لا تكون اعمالهم ولا قراراتهم صحيحة قانوناً ولا ملزمة للأفراد ،الا بقدر التزامها بحدود الاطار القانوني الذي تعيش في ظله )([ii])،متى ما التزم الجميع بحدود القانون نكون امام الدولة القانونية.

 

[i] مقدمة ابن خلدون : ص41.

[ii] د. احمد كمال ابو المجد : رقابة القضاء على اعمال الادارة ، دار النهضة العربية ، القاهرة ،1964،ص7.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Guarantees of the worker's right to the principle of equality and equal opportunities in the Iraqi labor law

The principle of equality in human life is one of the noblest principles ever found. These principles have been planted in the conscience and conscience of man, and it is the principle that is considered to be an inextricable right with the existence of human in the collective relations between humans in general and members of a group of groups or conglomerates unintentionally organized but created by circumstances. Accordingly, all international and domestic legislations considered it to be a human right, especially in relation to equality in the right to work, equality in other rights and what is associated with the remuneration of work (wages) and related to its attachments and leave. The Labor Law No. 37 of 2015, In Chapter III. This

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 03 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Investment Guarantees in Gas Fields

In the field of research in the investment of gas fields, this requires that we first look at the center of the contracting parties in terms of the guarantee means granted to them under the contract, which constitute a means of safety and motivation to enter as major parties in the investment project. In turn, we will discuss the minimum guarantees, which are the most important guarantees granted to each of the two parties to the contract, namely the national party and the investor.

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Publication Date
Thu May 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The exception from the rule of annexation of ownership in French law

The owner and possessor may meet in one person, thus who have these property they have its fruit. But in sometimes the owner is different than possessor, this happen in case the original owner succeeds in recovering his property or right. About that the legislations differed on the determination the person who deserves the fruits and whether the possessor is bona fide or mala fide. This paper is focused on the idea of the excluded from the rule of possession of the thing. And the applications of the rule (acquisition by possession) that belong to modern Roman law also the standpoint of Iraqi law.

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 31 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Enshrine the Principle of the Common Heritage of Humanity Within the Framework of International Law

The international community began to realize, following the discovery of  vast wealth in areas that fall outside the territorial limits of states sovereignty, that the huge difference in scientific and technological development between developed and developing countries may give developed countries the opportunity to exploit these wealth, and this, in turn, will lead to a widening gap between countries, developed and developing countries, and the consolidation of the principle of inequality due to the lack of third world countries with the capabilities that allow them to participate in the exploitation of these wealth, and when these concerns came to the fore in the United Nations General Assembly in 1967, Ambassador Arvid Bardo, th

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 10 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
ISIS Violations of International Law “Iraq as a model”

The Iraqi people were subjected to the most brutal crime in the history of humanity when ISIS violated the rights system and targeted women, children, civilians, minorities, religion, belief and the right to education and committed many crimes of genocide and crimes against humanity and the abandonment of millions of citizens and the recruitment of thousands of children, which constituted a flagrant violation of human rights and international law It emphasizes the gravity of the threat to international peace and security by the organization and its associated individuals, groups, institutions and entities, including foreign terrorist fighters.

          That the legal characterization

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 23 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Criminal law and the need to philosophy

This is a philosophical statements regrading the structural and functional ponds between criminal law and philosophy.

          Aiming to prove the practical value of philosophy regarding the question of the true nature of law in general and criminal justice – law in particular.

          We try to revel the deepest connections that shape the fundamental character us tics of law in reality far from the misunderstanding general by social, political and cultural influences that affection negatively the efficiency of the law.

          The elementary question of the study is how to

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 24 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Role of National Committees in Applying International Humanitarian Law - Iraq as a Model

        In many countries there are national committees for the implementation of international humanitarian law that aim to advise and assist their governments in implementing international humanitarian law and spreading knowledge about it. The responsibility for the formation of these committees rests with the states, supported by the International Committee of the Red Cross, as one of the ways to ensure the effective implementation of international humanitarian law. The national committees for international humanitarian law seek to urge governments to implement and ensure respect for international humanitarian law and to contribute to its enforcement and dissemination at the national level.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 24 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Law Applicable to the Implementation of the Judgment of International Bankruptcy

International bankruptcy is a legal system for those who take trade as a craft and stop performing their obligations of an international character as a result of a defect in their financial position. Legislative jurisdiction in cases of international bankruptcy is one of the most important topics of international bankruptcy by researching the position of national and comparative legislation by determining the applicable law such as the law of the court that hears the dispute or the law to which the attribution rule refers. 

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 15 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Political rights and their guarantees under the constitution of the Republic of Iraq 2005 (analytical study)

        It guarantees the political rights of individuals to participate in public affairs and political life, but these rights require their protection by the existence of guarantees that guarantee the protection of these rights and ensure that they are actually exercised by individuals. The Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 We dealt with the type of protection granted to these rights, as well as the statement of the types of political rights and the position of the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 towards them.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 10 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Doctrine of Good Faith in English Law Acceptation or Rejection: دراسة في ضوء احدث القرارات القضائية الانكليزية

This article considers the doctrine of good faith in English law of contract. It analyses the different decisions of courts and the opinions of scholars and assesses whether good faith is general doctrine in English law of contract or not? It has been found that there is traditional English hostility towards a doctrine of good faith. However, in the last six years, a judicial trend, supported by some English scholars, has begun to argue that the principle of good faith should be adopted in the law of contract. This trend tries to implication contracts the duty of good faith as a implied term.

The recent attempts of the Judge Leggatt and subsequent judicial decisions that have adopted his approach, although not yet reached its goa

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