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The guarantees to the rule of law Iraq and Algeria exemplar

      ان اي مجتمع لابد له من سلطة تنظم امره وتدبر شؤونه لان المجتمع الانساني ضروري ويعبر الحكماء عن هذا بقولهم (( الانسان مدني بالطبع اي لابد له من الاجتماع ))(


[i]) ، وان مبدأ سيادة القانون يتطلب وجود دولة قانونية تقوم على اركان حقيقية تستمد قوتها من الشعب باعتباره مصدر السلطات ،ولها قوة ملزمة تستمدها من القواعد الدستورية التي ارست عليها بنائها القانوني.

      واليوم ونحن في العقد الثاني من الالفية الثالثة نرى مدى تطور الانظمة الديمقراطية التي قطعت اشواطاً كبيرة في بناء دولة المؤسسات والقانون ،اي الدولة القانونية التي تقوم على مبدأ المساواة بين مواطنيها ، وعلى التداول السلمي لنقل السلطة بين حكامها .

     ان دولة القانون تعني سريان حكم القانون على الحاكم والمحكوم على حد سواء ، لذلك فأن من اهم ضمانات مبدأ سيادة القانون هو وجود رقابة حقيقية وفعالة لتطبيق القانون وحمايته من اي تجاوز عليه من السلطات ،او افراد الشعب ،ومن هذه الضمانات الرقابة السياسية التي تكون اوسع قاعدة رقابية لما فيها من حلقات رقابية متعددة ومتنوعة تعمل على حماية القانون وضمان احترامه ، وللإدارة دور في حماية مبدأ سيادة القانون من خلال الرقابة الادارية التي تسمح للإدارة بمراجعة اعمالها وامكانيتها في سحب اعمالها المخالفة لمبدأ المشروعية، وان كانت هي الحكم والخصم في هذه الحماية الا ان عملها المتنوع ذاتي متعدد الدرجات .

    ولم يقف الامر عندها بل وجود الرقابة القضائية يعد صمام امان حقيقي بين الادارة ومواطنيها والتي تعمل على حماية حقوق وحريات الافراد من اي تجاوز، وهي اكثر انواع الرقابة فاعلية لأنها تعمل على الموازنة بين المصلحة العامة والمصلحة الخاصة، وان ابهى صور الدولة القانونية تتجلى في صيانة مبدأ المشروعية الذي يعني( ان يخضع الحكام جميعاً للقانون ،بحيث لا تكون اعمالهم ولا قراراتهم صحيحة قانوناً ولا ملزمة للأفراد ،الا بقدر التزامها بحدود الاطار القانوني الذي تعيش في ظله )([ii])،متى ما التزم الجميع بحدود القانون نكون امام الدولة القانونية.

 

[i] مقدمة ابن خلدون : ص41.

[ii] د. احمد كمال ابو المجد : رقابة القضاء على اعمال الادارة ، دار النهضة العربية ، القاهرة ،1964،ص7.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 11 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Effect of accounting disclosure in the size of the risks or return for portfolio insurance: An applied research at the national insurance company

This research aims to numerous risks to the portfolio of the insurance company that arise from practicing the activity in general, and the risks arising from insurance contracts in particular, and what is the role of the company in the disclosure to help users (such as owners) to understand and concentration of risks in the financial reporting and identifying movable risks size to reinsurers that may affect the solvency of the portfolio and makes them at a given moment required to fulfill the obligations towards policyholders outweigh the financial capacity, which leads to stumble or bankruptcy.

So I sought this research is to identify the extent of the obligation to disclose the accounting for this risk and the extent of their i

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of production elements responsible on the environmental management system requirements of ISO 14001 - 2004 field study in the North Gas Company

Abstract

         Most of the industrial organization in the world became suffering from the problem of the pollution of the poisonous chemicals things, this urged to depend on the principle of the responsible production, because it has the positive role by dealing with these chemical things and to safe the health of the society, due to the main goal of this study is to restrict the role responsible production in accomplishing the system of the environmental management through an actual study in the northern gas company in Kirkuk province, the topic has acquired a big importance bacause there were a limited number of studies and res

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 12 2003
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
The Influence of Short Wavelength Laser on the Pupae Development of the Old World Screw- Worm Fly (OWSWF) Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

The biological effects of pulsed N2-laser on the old world screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve in the pupal stage were investigated. Different laser parameters were involved in this work. The old pupae of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days were exposed to laser radiation during 10, 30 and 60 second with repetition rate 10, 20 and 30 pulse/second. The percent of normal adults emergence (female and male) was investigated. The results showed that the adults emergence was highly decreased as the repetition rate and exposure time increased when the pupae irradiated for 1, 2 and 3 days old as compared with 4 and 5 days. The results also indicated that the pupal period was significantly increased of irradiated pupae for 1, 2, 3 and 4 days old, whi

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 02 2024
Journal Name
Advances In The Theory Of Nonlinear Analysis And Its Application
Properties of Capturing of Peristaltic Flow to A Chemically Reacting Couple Stress Fluid Through an Inclined Asymmetric Channel with Variable Viscosity and Various Boundaries

The properties of capturing of peristaltic flow to a chemically reacting couple stress fluid through an inclined asymmetric channel with variable viscosity and various boundaries are investigated. we have addressed the impacts of variable viscosity, different wave forms, porous medium, heat and mass transfer for peristaltic transport of hydro magnetic couple stress liquid in inclined asymmetric channel with different boundaries. Moreover, The Fluid viscosity assumed to vary as an exponential function of temperature. Effects of almost flow parameters are studied analytically and computed. An rising in the temperature and concentration profiles return to heat and mass transfer Biot numbers. Noteworthy, the Soret and Dufour number effect resul

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Investment of Propaganda in Al-Rafidain and Al- Sharqiya News Channels: Content Analysis of News Bulletins from 1/12/2016 to 29/2/2016

The technological developments in the field of communication have witnessed considerable impact in the variables which exist in following up and conveying the events which link it’s meaning to political implications. This makes a number of satellite channels depend on the techniques of propaganda and use them in the news bulletins to achieve political aims and ends related to its formational directives where those channels allotted a considerable time in its programming transmission map to concentrate on the security and political status to complete the image of the informational scene according to the logic of its propaganda and styles in processing news for daily events.The technological developments in the field of communication hav

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 16 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Role of Fasting Mimicking Diet in Farnesoid x Receptor for Suppressing Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition, Cell Cycle Progression, and Viability of Prostate Cancer Cells

The systemic and resistant nature of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPC) renders it largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. Proliferation, survival, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are three fundamental events that are deeply linked to carcinogenesis.  Hence, it is necessary to find a new combination of several therapies, targeting those vital mechanisms without causing side effects. Significant research works have shown differential low expression of the metabolic Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in primary and metastatic prostate cancer suggesting their importance in prostate pathogenesis. Obticholic acid (INT 747), a potent FXR agonist is widely used in primary biliary chola

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Attitudes of banking leaders towards practicing strategic foresight and its relationship to organizational brilliance: Applied research in a number of Iraqi private commercial banks

Abstract:

               The aim of the research is to evaluate the practice of banking departments for strategic foresight represented by its dimensions (environmental scanning, future vision, scenarios, reconfiguration) and its relationship to the organizational brilliance represented by dimensions (brilliance of leadership, brilliance of service and innovation, brilliance of knowledge, brilliance of employees), as the research was applied in A number of private Iraqi commercial banks represented by (Baghdad, Iraqi Investment, Iraqi Middle East Investment, Commercial Gulf, Ashur International Investment, Al Mansour Investment, Via Iraq Invest

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 16 2023
Journal Name
مجلة الدراسات المستدامة
A Review Article: Use of fertilizers and their gradual release of mineral nutrients as a remedy to this problem have an adverse environmental impact.

Throughout Agriculture has mostly relied on the use of natural fertilizers throughout human history, which are compounds that increase the nitrogen levels in the soil. Modern agriculture was made possible by the introduction of synthetic fertilizers at the end of the 19th centuryproduction of agriculture. Their application enhanced crop yields and sparked an agricultural revolution unlike anything the world had ever seen.In the near future, synthetic fertilizers are anticipated to continue to have a significant impa ct on human life, both positively and negatively. They are frequently utilized for producing all t ypes of crops and are essential to plant growth. The significance of synthetic fertilizers is their ability to provide the soil w

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 15 2020
Journal Name
Biochem. Cell. Arch.
Publication Date
Tue Nov 19 2024
Journal Name
Tikrit Journal Of Pure Science
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