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رهن المنقولات غير المادية: دراسة مقارنة

اذا كانت الفكرة التقليدية لتقسيم الاموال الى عقارات و منقولات قد صمدت امام الهزات العنيفة التي تعرضت لها ، فانه لا ينكر من ظهور طائفة من الاموال لم تستطع تلك الفكرة التقليدية ان تستوعبها و تخضعها للاجراءات الخاصة بها.

  ان هذه الطائفة من الاموال ظهرت نتيجة للتطور العلمي و التقني و الفني مما اضطر المشرعين للاعتراف بها في قوانين خاصة و ذلك لما تشكله من قيمة اقتصادية عالية تفوق احيانا القيمة المالية للعقارات و المنقولات ، و اطلق الفقه على هذه الطائفة الجديدة  الاموال غير المادية ( الاموال المعنوية ) مثل حقوق المؤلف ، و براءات الاختراع ، و برامج الحاسوب ، و الاصناف النباتية ، و المحل التجاري و ...الخ، من الاموال غير المادية.

  اذا كانت هذه الاموال غير المادية او المعنوية لها قيمة اقتصادية كما اسلفنا تفوق احيانا قيمة المنقولات و العقارات فانها و لدت رغبة جامحة لدى مالكيها للاستفادة منها ماديا من خلال بيعها او رهنها للحصول على الائتمان اللازم لتغطية قرض مالي او ضمان لوفاء دين معين مثلا.

  و اذا كانت هذه الاموال تصلح ان تكون محلا لعقد الرهن باعتبارها المال المرهون لما لها من قيمة مالية ، و لما تمنحه للدائنين من ثقة و ضمان بسب ارتفاع قيمتها الاقتصادية.

  فان ذلك بالمقابل ولد مشاكل قانونية في نظام التامينات العينية بصورة عامة ، و اخرى في نظام الرهن بصورة خاصة وذلك لعدم خضوع هذه الاموال تحت اي من نظامي الرهن الرسمي او الحيازي ، و ذلك لانها ليست بعقار لكي تخضع للرهن الرسمي فضلا عن عدم قابليتها او امكانية حيازتها حتى تخضع لنظام الرهن الحيازي.

  عليه و من هنا برزت اهمية البحث في هذا الموضوع الخاص برهن المنقولات غير المادية لمعالجة المشاكل الناشئة عن الطبيعة غير المادية لهذه الاموال و عدم قابليتها للحيازة.

  فضلا عن لجوء بعض المشرعين الى تنظيم احكام خاصة لرهن هذه المنقولات غير المادية في قوانينها الخاصة و هو مما ادى الى نشوء انظمة متعددة لرهن هذه المنقولات و من ثم تعددت الاجراءات الخاصة برهن كل مال من هذه الاموال.

  لذلك سوف نتناول هذا البحث في ثلاثة فصول ، نتناول في الفصل الاول ماهية المنقولات غير المادية حيث سنوضح المنقولات غير المادية التي يجوز رهنها ، ومن ثم نتناول الطبيعة القانونية للمنقولات غير المادية ، و في المبحث الثاني سنتناول شروط رهن المنقولات غير المادية حيث سنتناول الشروط العامة و الشروط الخاصة برهن هذه المنقولات و في المبحث الثالث سنتناول التكيف القانوني لعقد رهن المنقولات غير المادية حيث سنوضح فيه الاتجاهات القانونية السائدة لتكيف العقد ثم نحاول وضع تحليل قانوني مقترح لهذ العقد.

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2022
Journal Name
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The role of GRI standards in reporting the dimensions of sustainable development - An applied study in a number of local companies on the Iraq Stock Exchange

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
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Free will between Slavery and Freedom: A Study of Linda Brent in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
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Studying the effect of institutional pressures on the attitudes of the managers of small enterprises in Thi-Qar province toward intention continuance environmental disposal of e-waste

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Sun Sep 22 2019
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Fri May 15 2009
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Publication Date
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