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رهن المنقولات غير المادية: دراسة مقارنة

اذا كانت الفكرة التقليدية لتقسيم الاموال الى عقارات و منقولات قد صمدت امام الهزات العنيفة التي تعرضت لها ، فانه لا ينكر من ظهور طائفة من الاموال لم تستطع تلك الفكرة التقليدية ان تستوعبها و تخضعها للاجراءات الخاصة بها.

  ان هذه الطائفة من الاموال ظهرت نتيجة للتطور العلمي و التقني و الفني مما اضطر المشرعين للاعتراف بها في قوانين خاصة و ذلك لما تشكله من قيمة اقتصادية عالية تفوق احيانا القيمة المالية للعقارات و المنقولات ، و اطلق الفقه على هذه الطائفة الجديدة  الاموال غير المادية ( الاموال المعنوية ) مثل حقوق المؤلف ، و براءات الاختراع ، و برامج الحاسوب ، و الاصناف النباتية ، و المحل التجاري و ...الخ، من الاموال غير المادية.

  اذا كانت هذه الاموال غير المادية او المعنوية لها قيمة اقتصادية كما اسلفنا تفوق احيانا قيمة المنقولات و العقارات فانها و لدت رغبة جامحة لدى مالكيها للاستفادة منها ماديا من خلال بيعها او رهنها للحصول على الائتمان اللازم لتغطية قرض مالي او ضمان لوفاء دين معين مثلا.

  و اذا كانت هذه الاموال تصلح ان تكون محلا لعقد الرهن باعتبارها المال المرهون لما لها من قيمة مالية ، و لما تمنحه للدائنين من ثقة و ضمان بسب ارتفاع قيمتها الاقتصادية.

  فان ذلك بالمقابل ولد مشاكل قانونية في نظام التامينات العينية بصورة عامة ، و اخرى في نظام الرهن بصورة خاصة وذلك لعدم خضوع هذه الاموال تحت اي من نظامي الرهن الرسمي او الحيازي ، و ذلك لانها ليست بعقار لكي تخضع للرهن الرسمي فضلا عن عدم قابليتها او امكانية حيازتها حتى تخضع لنظام الرهن الحيازي.

  عليه و من هنا برزت اهمية البحث في هذا الموضوع الخاص برهن المنقولات غير المادية لمعالجة المشاكل الناشئة عن الطبيعة غير المادية لهذه الاموال و عدم قابليتها للحيازة.

  فضلا عن لجوء بعض المشرعين الى تنظيم احكام خاصة لرهن هذه المنقولات غير المادية في قوانينها الخاصة و هو مما ادى الى نشوء انظمة متعددة لرهن هذه المنقولات و من ثم تعددت الاجراءات الخاصة برهن كل مال من هذه الاموال.

  لذلك سوف نتناول هذا البحث في ثلاثة فصول ، نتناول في الفصل الاول ماهية المنقولات غير المادية حيث سنوضح المنقولات غير المادية التي يجوز رهنها ، ومن ثم نتناول الطبيعة القانونية للمنقولات غير المادية ، و في المبحث الثاني سنتناول شروط رهن المنقولات غير المادية حيث سنتناول الشروط العامة و الشروط الخاصة برهن هذه المنقولات و في المبحث الثالث سنتناول التكيف القانوني لعقد رهن المنقولات غير المادية حيث سنوضح فيه الاتجاهات القانونية السائدة لتكيف العقد ثم نحاول وضع تحليل قانوني مقترح لهذ العقد.

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
This study sought to determine the impact of spreading the culture of quality in improving the quality of tourism service in some hotels in Erbil governorate

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 12 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Balanced Scorecard (BSC) role And Six Sigma in improving strategic performance A sample study of the members of the General Company for Northern Cement

Assessing performance efficiency is critical to the management need for oversight, planning, and continuous periodic evaluation of the multiple activities of Northern Cement State Company in order to determine the level of achievement of the objectives set, and to correct the deviations and delays that the evaluation shows and limitation of liability. What cannot be measured cannot be managed. The aim of this research is to highlight the impact of using BSC, financial and non-financial, to give comprehensive and clear picture of the company's performance and to measure the quality of its performance by using six-sigma and the level of deviations in achieving the planned goals. Therefore, four-key hypotheses were formulated for th

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 28 2021
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the role of Green Human Resources Management Practices in strengthening the Strategic Positioning An Analytical Research on Leaders opinion in the Nongovernmental Hospitals in Erbil

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
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Crisis management according to the strategic leadership - the interactive role of decision support systems. (An exploratory study at the Ministry of Industry and Minerals / the State Company for Steel Industries)

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 16 2019
Journal Name
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The Exposition of University Youth to Television Advertising and its Reflection on the Development of their Cognitive Abilities A survey of students (College of Media / University of Baghdad) as ample

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2016
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Indicators of Mental image among Students of the University of Baghdad about Iraqi Political Parties-(a research based on a master thesis)

Media studies have focused mostly on the issue of the mental image because the image that is formed in the mind has become not only a photo of a human being and having kept for himself. This image has an outside influence which may sometimes up to the formation of the fate of others and it sometimes includes individuals and groups together.
This study comes in the context of identifying the image of Iraqi political parties among Iraqi university students and the nature of the view that students have in their minds about these parties.
Chapter one includes the problem of the research, the importance of the study, the goals and method used. Chapter two is divided into two sections: section one deals with the concept of the mental i

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The role of social networking sites of Iraqi satellite channels in prioritizing the public “Field study for the public of Dhi Qar governorate

The study titled “The role of the social media sites of Iraqi satellite channels in prioritizing the public” is a field study for the public of Dhi Qar.
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 20 2024
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ADDRESSING THE GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE ARAB PRESS:: (An analytical study in the newspapers (Al-Sabah Iraqi newspaper, Algerian ech-chaab Newspaper, and UAE Al-Ittihad Newspaper) (A Research Drawn from Master Thesis)

The problem of this research is:

What are the sustainable development goals that received the priority in the press addressing of the newspapers under study?

What are the journalistic arts adopted by these newspapers in addressing the sustainable development goals?

What are the journalistic sources that Arab newspapers depended on when addressing the sustainable development goals?

What are the geographic range the Arab newspapers adopted in addressing the sustainable development goals? The research is categorized into descriptive research, adopting the survey method, and using the content analysis method.

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 20 2024
Journal Name
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THE RESPONSIBILITY OF INDEPENDENT IRAQI NEWSPAPERS IN PROMOTING THE VALUES OF CITIZENSHIP AND NATIONAL BELONGING IN THE SOCIETY: (An Analytical Study in the Opinion Articles in the Newspapers of Al-Sabah Al-Jadeed and Al-Mada)

The research problem stems from a chief question: “What is the nature of the responsibility that «Al-Sabah Al-Jadeed» and «Al-Mada» Newspapers have undertaken in promoting the values of citizenship and national belonging in the society? The research aims to achieve a number of goals, including: Determining the most prominent themes that were emphasized in the opinion articles in these two newspapers within the framework of the responsibility of promoting the values ​​of citizenship and national belonging in society, and revealing the most prominent topics that were discussed in opinion articles in the two sample newspapers regarding the promotion of the mentioned values. This research is a desc

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Effect the Natural Lighting In The Visual Comfort & Workers Satisfaction in Industrial Companies

Energy crisis and the requirements of health and feel good, all this renewed attention to the importance of natural lighting in all kinds of factories.
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     The research compuns address the impact of daylight to provide visual comfort in the factory. Indeed, the light must be treated very carefully, and natural lighting should be thinking from the perspective of the occupants of the plant and not wishing to view from the outsid

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