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رهن المنقولات غير المادية: دراسة مقارنة

اذا كانت الفكرة التقليدية لتقسيم الاموال الى عقارات و منقولات قد صمدت امام الهزات العنيفة التي تعرضت لها ، فانه لا ينكر من ظهور طائفة من الاموال لم تستطع تلك الفكرة التقليدية ان تستوعبها و تخضعها للاجراءات الخاصة بها.

  ان هذه الطائفة من الاموال ظهرت نتيجة للتطور العلمي و التقني و الفني مما اضطر المشرعين للاعتراف بها في قوانين خاصة و ذلك لما تشكله من قيمة اقتصادية عالية تفوق احيانا القيمة المالية للعقارات و المنقولات ، و اطلق الفقه على هذه الطائفة الجديدة  الاموال غير المادية ( الاموال المعنوية ) مثل حقوق المؤلف ، و براءات الاختراع ، و برامج الحاسوب ، و الاصناف النباتية ، و المحل التجاري و ...الخ، من الاموال غير المادية.

  اذا كانت هذه الاموال غير المادية او المعنوية لها قيمة اقتصادية كما اسلفنا تفوق احيانا قيمة المنقولات و العقارات فانها و لدت رغبة جامحة لدى مالكيها للاستفادة منها ماديا من خلال بيعها او رهنها للحصول على الائتمان اللازم لتغطية قرض مالي او ضمان لوفاء دين معين مثلا.

  و اذا كانت هذه الاموال تصلح ان تكون محلا لعقد الرهن باعتبارها المال المرهون لما لها من قيمة مالية ، و لما تمنحه للدائنين من ثقة و ضمان بسب ارتفاع قيمتها الاقتصادية.

  فان ذلك بالمقابل ولد مشاكل قانونية في نظام التامينات العينية بصورة عامة ، و اخرى في نظام الرهن بصورة خاصة وذلك لعدم خضوع هذه الاموال تحت اي من نظامي الرهن الرسمي او الحيازي ، و ذلك لانها ليست بعقار لكي تخضع للرهن الرسمي فضلا عن عدم قابليتها او امكانية حيازتها حتى تخضع لنظام الرهن الحيازي.

  عليه و من هنا برزت اهمية البحث في هذا الموضوع الخاص برهن المنقولات غير المادية لمعالجة المشاكل الناشئة عن الطبيعة غير المادية لهذه الاموال و عدم قابليتها للحيازة.

  فضلا عن لجوء بعض المشرعين الى تنظيم احكام خاصة لرهن هذه المنقولات غير المادية في قوانينها الخاصة و هو مما ادى الى نشوء انظمة متعددة لرهن هذه المنقولات و من ثم تعددت الاجراءات الخاصة برهن كل مال من هذه الاموال.

  لذلك سوف نتناول هذا البحث في ثلاثة فصول ، نتناول في الفصل الاول ماهية المنقولات غير المادية حيث سنوضح المنقولات غير المادية التي يجوز رهنها ، ومن ثم نتناول الطبيعة القانونية للمنقولات غير المادية ، و في المبحث الثاني سنتناول شروط رهن المنقولات غير المادية حيث سنتناول الشروط العامة و الشروط الخاصة برهن هذه المنقولات و في المبحث الثالث سنتناول التكيف القانوني لعقد رهن المنقولات غير المادية حيث سنوضح فيه الاتجاهات القانونية السائدة لتكيف العقد ثم نحاول وضع تحليل قانوني مقترح لهذ العقد.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
QTAIM study of the bonding in triosmium trihydride cluster [Os3(µ-H)3(µ3-ɳ2-CC7H3(2-CH3)NS)(CO)8]

    The Atoms in Molecules (AIM) analysis for triosmium cluster, which contains trihydridede, carbon, carbonyl and 2-methylbenzothiazolide ligands, [Os3(µ-H)33-ɳ2-CC7H3(2-CH3)NS)(CO)8] is reported. Bonding features in this cluster has been analyzed based on QTAIM ("Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules") in this work. The topological indices derived from electron density of relevant interactions in triosmium compound have been studied. The major interesting point of the AIM analyses is that the core of part (Os3H3) reveals the absence of any critical points and bond paths connecting any pairs of O

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
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Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
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The research seeks to identify the contemporary events that face the use of electronic payment methods to localize the salaries of state employees and its impact in enhancing the mental image of customers, and to achieve this purpose from the fact that a questionnaire was designed and distributed to an optional sample of (31) individual customers (employees) dealing With the researched private banks, it has been analyzed and reached a number of conclusions and recommendations, the most prominent of which is the lack of modernity of electronic payment methods by customers, which is reflected in the mental image of customers and the achievement of their satisfaction, in the Emiratization project for salaries needs an advanced leade

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
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Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
دراسة تحليلية لظاهرة الفساد الاداري والمالي في بعض المؤسسات الصحية لمحافظة القادسية: An analytical study of the phenomenon of administrative and financial corruption in some health institutions in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate

Certainly there is a negative impact on development due to corruption in its corruption forms It is administrative and financial as well as direct impact on all sectors Including the health sector, which has seen in Iraq a marked setback in performance and services , The research aims at the possibility of demonstrating the negative effects of financial and administrative corruption on health institutions and Inability to meet health needs The extent to which Regulatory institutions and institutions manage to reduce financial and administrative corruption and ways of dealing with it The phenomenon of financial and administrative corruption is the most serious phenomenon because of its impact on economic growth, which in turn impedes the

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
A study of some of the of the Verbs’ Arabic Roots in the stories of Osman Ceviksoy Like a Voice in The Dark.: Osman Çeviksoy'un "Karanlıkta Ses Gibi" Başlıklı Öykü Kitabında Arapça Kökenli Türkçe Fillerin İncelenmesi

Due to the Geographical links, language is one of the multiple affects among Arabs and Turks. As the different studies demonstrate, Turkish contains many words derived from other languages, yet Arabic remains the language that has great affects on Turkish. Unlike Turkish language, Arabic is a derivative language that requires no suffixes. Thus, Arabic verbs are tuned into Turkish verbs by adding auxiliary verbs. The present study traces some of the Turkish compound words of Arabic roots with an explanation that shows the Auxiliary added to form the Turkish verb as found in the stories of Otman Chevek Sawy’s Like A voice in the Dark. The conclusion sums up the findings of the study illustrated by numbers.

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
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The impact of enabling the effectiveness of the work of the audit committees in private commercial banks (A survey study of the views of a sample of the objective of the inspection bodies represented by the Central Bank and the Securities Commission and e

The aim of this study is to identify the effect of enabling the effectiveness of the work of the audit committees in private commercial banks and to identify the extent of awareness of the importance of empowerment in the work of these committees, especially as it is known that these committees, especially the inspection committees that go to private banks and from various sources including committees of the Central Bank of Iraq Committees of the Securities Commission and finally committees of the external audit offices, through an analysis of the determinants of empowerment in the performance of the most important work of the audit committees, namely: supervising the process of preparing reports, supervising the system of intern

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 17 2022
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The social and psychological effects of ISIS in the conductive press An analytical study in the Iraqi newspapers “Economic City” and “Mosul News” for the period from 30/8/2017 until 31/7/2019 : (Research derived from Master Thesis)

The research seeks to find out the extent of the coverage of the Mosul press to the issues of psychological and social effects of the organization "IS" on the community of Mosul, by analyzing the content of the newspapers “Economic City” and “Mosul News”. As well as to stand at the types of psychological and social effects and their repercussions on the Mosul community including figures, statistics and evidence that were covered in the theoretical study of these topics.

This study is the first scientific diagnosis to reveal the size and types of psychological and social effects of the “ISIS” organization  through what was monitored by the Mosul press. The study seeks to draw the attention of officials, decision-m

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2012
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Control of high blood pressure by Acupuncture In subjects with essential hypertension

advancing age. The risk of cardiovascular disease in adults is lowest with systolic BP <120 mm Hg and diastolic BP < 80 mm Hg and increases progressively with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Acupuncture (from the Latin word acus, “needle”, and pungere, meaning “prick”) is a technique in which the practitioner inserts fine needles into specific points on the patient’s body. Accupuncture could be used as a nonpharmacological way of controlling high readings of blood pressure among cases with essential hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acupuncture on essential hypertension.
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
A study of the nomenclature of Russian vocabulary of Arabic origin denoting some religious worship, or denoting some political and social positions: «Лексика арабского происхождения со значением «служители религиозного культа, социального статуса» и её функционирование в русской речи»

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Ni2+, Pt4+, Pd2+, and Mn2+ Metal ions Complexes with Azo Derived from Quinolin-2-ol and 3-amino-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) Benzenesulfonamide: Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Study ,and Antioxidant Activity

 

Diazotization reaction between quinolin-2-ol and (2-chloro-1-(4-(N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-2l4-diazyn-1-ium was carried out resulting in ligand-HL, this in turn reacted with the next metal ions (Ni2+, Pt4+, Pd2+, and Mn2+)  forming stable complexes with unique geometries such as (tetrahedral for both Ni2+ and Mn2+, octahedral for Pt4+ and square planer for Pd2+ ). The creation of such complexes was detected by employing spectroscopic means involving ultraviolet-visible which proved the obtained geometries, fourier transfer proved the formation of azo group and the coordination with metal ion through it. Pyrolysis (TGA &

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Sat Jun 01 2013
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The Impact of Students Dropout on Human Development in Iraq For Period ( 2001 ــ 2011 )

Abstraet

Students dropout from the Education has a negative phenomena on individual and society and even on different aspects of life especially on the economic aspect , Thus our research tries studying and analyzing the relation between the size of dropout and human development level in Iraq and as (research sample) the first decade of this century as a studying period, the study includes the dropout in Secondary schools and depending the formal records as a main source to evaluate the size of this problem in Iraq , which shows an increase in the size of dropout in this period in comparison with the last decades of the twentieth century, this produces a negative effect on human developme

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