The general administrative sanctions from  the  sanctions ,which  recently  emerged to  confront some of  the  crimes that  do  not deserve  to face criminal  sanctions due  to  the lack of seriousness and  gravity in the eyes of society, but enough to face sanction administrative  general   expectation   administration  without  resorting  to the  judiciary, characterized  by  administrative  sanctions  public  bmatiha  own  are in-  dividual   administrative  decision  issued&nbsp

Freedom of trade are determine according to the philosophy of power that put the Constitution, it  has been considered as  individual Freedom, Then freedom evolved towards adopting social doctrine, Which allows the state to intervene for social justice, Then the new concept which is based on a market economy.

According to this concept the state will put the laws to control competition and trade, and it impose appropriate taxes, and have a right to Exercise in economic activity on the basis of equality, as is the case in France, Spain, Russia, Egypt .

The Constitution of Iraq for the year 2005 taking  new concept of free trade indirectly as one of the modern foundations to repair the economy.

يعد الاجتهاد القضائي احد الحلول القانونية المهمة لمعالجة قصور التشريع فلقد عرفت المجتمعات الانسانية عبر تاريخها الطويل العديد من الحالات التي يجد فيها القاضي نفسه امام فراغ تشريعي فضلا عن النصوص القانونية المدنية التي يصعب على القاضي تطبيقها لما يشوبها من غموض او تناقض, الامر الذي يتطلب منه الاجتهاد للحكم بحل النزاعات المعروضة عليه لكي لا يكون منكرا للعدالة ,بيد ان القاضي في اجتهاده لم يكن مطلقا وانما مقيد

    Judicial jurisprudence is one of the important legal solutions to address the shortcomings of legislation. Throughout its long history, human societies have known many cases in which the judge finds himself facing a legislative vacuum in addition to civil legal texts that are difficult for the judge to implement due to ambiguity or contradiction, which requires diligence. To rule on resolving disputes before him in order not to deny justice, but the judge in his jurisprudence was not absolute, but rather bound by certain controls represented by observing the wisdom of legislation on the one hand and taking into account the nature of the texts on the other side, and from here this research came to shed light on the juri

Criminal prescription is a legal idea that we find its applications in most laws, It means that a period of time has passed since the occurrence of the crime, which is called the prescription of the criminal case or the crime, or the lapse of a period of time since the issuance of a final judgment in the criminal case, and it is called the prescription of the penalty, the lapse of the prescribed period will result in the expiry of the criminal case in the first case, and the lapse of the penalty imposed in the second case. This system has been found since ancient times in the legislation of countries with their various legal and political systems because of its practical considerations, the most important of which is achieving legal stab

The oil exports play a vital role in supporting economic development and raise the economic growth. The oil exports can increase the economic growth via three main channels which are supporting the productive, distributive and service sectors; increasing the investment and capital formation; and increasing the employment rate.

However, the oil exports did not have an important role in increasing the economic growth in Iraq. Therefore, it also did not provide the required support to other economic sectors, neither participated in increase the employees’ skills nor increase the investment rate. It may slightly contribute in enhancement the infrastructure that can attract the public and private investments

This research set to indicate the role of the opportunity cost in the overall economic development (human and social development) by selecting the most appropriate alternative for the growth of the country in exchange for sacrificing profit limits to achieve this growth and development of the country, especially in the present circumstances of the country and after studying the reality of the economic case for him, as the problem lies with don't selecting the best alternative that enhances the gross domestic product, which extends to promote overall economic development and revive the industrial and agricultural sectors, productivity is more like Impotent, versus sacrifice alternative consumption may bring more financially lucrative than

Construction projects need methods and techniques to ensure the level of quality and commensurate with the level required and documented in the project contract. The quality of the project is affected by the quality of the inputs and accompanying procedures in the construction of the project.

Al-Rumaitha residential project found that the quality of the concrete for the ceilings in the research sample (the roof of the third floor of buildings A25 and A26) and (roof of the second floor of buildings A27, A28, A29, A30, A31, A32 and A33) and roof of buildings A15 and A16 A19)) is not the required quality level.

The idea of the research came after the need to improve the performance o

This study examined the phenomenon of unemployment in Iraq and the extent of the contribution of these loans granted by banks to finance small and medium enterprises in reducing their rates. The temporal boundaries of the study included the period between (2012-2018). The spatial boundaries consisted of random sampling of six Iraqi banks) Where the government banks included (Rafidain, Rasheed and industrial), private banks included (the Iraqi Islamic Bank and the Gulf Commercial Bank and the Bank of the Middle East). In order to achieve the objective of the research in the light of the hypotheses drawn up, the research divided into three topics, the first section highlighting the reality of small and medium enterprises in Iraq and the lo

The research aims to design an electronic program that allows users to assess the possibility of different practices for projects management professional according to the PMBOK methodology)) and using the requirements Data mentioned in the "knowledge and experience in project management Evaluation guide" issued by the professional Institute of project management According to the results of this program will be electronic The possible classification of project management in terms of both (proficiency_ perform tasks) as less than the desired level or within or above average in terms of best practices, and finally a number of recommendations to overcome the possible shortcomings. The most important is the need to enrich the service