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Water Retention Techniques under Crop’s Root Zone a Tool to Enhance Water Use Efficiency and Economic Water Productivity for Zucchini
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 A new technique in cultivation by installing membrane sheet below the crop’s root zone was helped to save irrigation water in the root zone, less farm losses, increasing the field water use efficiency and water productivity. In this paper, the membrane sheet was installed below the root zone of zucchini during the summer growing season 2017 in open field.  This research was carried out in a private field in Babil governorate at Sadat Al Hindiya Township reached 72 km from Baghdad. Surface trickle irrigation system was used for irrigation process. Two treatment plots were used, treatment plot T1 using membrane sheet and treatment plot T2 without using the membrane sheet. The applied irrigation water, time of irrigation, soil moisture contents before irrigation were calculated and recorded daily for the two treatments plots. Values of crop yield, Field water use Efficiency and economic water productivity were discussed and compared between the plots. The obtained results indicate that field water use efficiency for the two plots, T1 and T2 were: 6.04 and 4.64 kg/m3, respectively.  The increasing value in field water use efficiency (FWUE) of plot T1 comparing with plot T2 was 30.2 %. Additionally, the value of economic water productivity of zucchini crop for plots T1 and T2 was: 20514.1 and 15031.7 ID/m3, respectively. The increasing value of the Economic water productivity (EWP) of plot T1 comparing with plot T2 was 36.5 %. The value of water saving in plot T1 was 16.7%. The reduction in frequency of irrigation at T1 was 12 %.          

 zucchini, water use efficiency, membrane sheet, and economic water productivity.

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 15 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
On Semiannahilator Supplement Submodules
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Let R be associative; ring; with an identity and let D be unitary left R- module; . In this work we present semiannihilator; supplement submodule as a generalization of R-a- supplement submodule, Let U and V be submodules of an R-module D if D=U+V and whenever Y≤ V and D=U+Y, then annY≪R;. We also introduce the the concept of semiannihilator -supplemented ;modules and semiannihilator weak; supplemented modules, and we give some basic properties of this conseptes

Publication Date
Thu May 04 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
On Generalized Regular Continuous Functions In Topological Spaces
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In this paper we introduce a new type of functions called the generalized regular
continuous functions .These functions are weaker than regular continuous functions and
stronger than regular generalized continuous functions. Also, we study some
characterizations and basic properties of generalized regular continuous functions .Moreover
we study another types of generalized regular continuous functions and study the relation
among them

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Hydrodynamic Pressure Gradient Correlation of Some Iraqi Oil Wells
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Empirical equation has been presented to predict the optimum hydrodynamic
pressure gradient with optimum mud flow rate (one equation) of five Iraqi oil wells
to obtain the optimum carrying capacity of the drilling fluid ( optimum transport
cuttings from the hole to the surface through the annulus).
This equation is a function of mud flow rate, mud density and penetration
rate without using any charts or graphs.
The correlation coefficient accuracy is more than 0.9999.

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 21 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Bubble Size Distribution In Gas-Liquid Dispersion Column
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The present work investigates the effect of; superficial air velocities of: 1, 3, and 6 cm/s for two types of perforated distributor on hydrodynamic characteristic in a gas-liquid dispersion column of; air-water, and airaqueous-n-propanol solution. Bubble distribution, gas holdup, and power consumption are parameters take in consideration. Experimental work was carried out in perspex column of 8.5 cm inside diameter and 1.5 m height. Two types of bubble generator (perforated plate) were fixed at the bottom of the column; plate A (99 holes of 0.5 mm diameter and free area of 0.34%), plate B (20 holes of 1.5 mm diameter and free area of 0.62%). Photographic technique was used to measure the bubble parameters. The experimental results were

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Publication Date
Sun May 17 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
On Semiannahilator Supplement Submodules
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Let R be associative; ring; with an identity and let D be unitary left R- module; . In this work we present semiannihilator; supplement submodule as a generalization of R-a- supplement submodule, Let U and V be submodules of an R-module D if D=U+V and whenever Y≤ V and D=U+Y, then annY≪R;. We also introduce the the concept of semiannihilator -supplemented ;modules and semiannihilator weak; supplemented modules, and we give some basic properties of this conseptes.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Bioadsorption of Heavy Metals From Industrial Wastewater Using Some Species of Bacteria
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Three isolated bacteria were examined to remove heavy metals from the industrial wastewater of the Diala State Company of Electrical Industries, Diyala-Iraq. The isolated bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). The three isolates were used as an adsorption factor for different concentrations of Lead and Copper (100, 150, and 200 ppm.), in order to examine the adsorption efficiency of these isolates. In addition, the effect of three factors on heavy metals adsorption were examined; temperature (25, 30, and 37 ?C), pH (3 and 4.5) and contact time (2 and 24 hrs). The results showed that the highest level of lead adsorption was obtained at 37 ?C by E. coli, P, aerugenosa and

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Classical Continuous Mixed Optimal Control of Couple Nonlinear Parabolic Partial Differential Equations with State Constraints
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In this work, the classical continuous mixed optimal control vector (CCMOPCV) problem of couple nonlinear partial differential equations of parabolic (CNLPPDEs) type with state constraints (STCO) is studied. The existence and uniqueness theorem (EXUNTh) of the state vector solution (SVES) of the CNLPPDEs for a given CCMCV is demonstrated via the method of Galerkin (MGA). The EXUNTh of the CCMOPCV ruled with the CNLPPDEs is proved. The Frechet derivative (FÉDE) is obtained. Finally, both the necessary and the sufficient theorem conditions for optimality (NOPC and SOPC) of the CCMOPCV with state constraints (STCOs) are proved through using the Kuhn-Tucker-Lagrange (KUTULA) multipliers theorem (KUTULATH).

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2024
Journal Name
Materials Letters
Determination of third order susceptibility of carbon quantum dots at different concentrations
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The nonlinear refractive (NLR) index and third order susceptibility (X3) of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been studied using two laser wavelengths (473 and 532 nm). The z-scan technique was used to examine the nonlinearity. Results showed that all concentrations have negative NLR indices in the order of 10−10 cm2/W at two laser wavelengths. Moreover, the nonlinearity of CQDs was improved by increasing the concentration of CQDs. The highest value of third order susceptibility was found to be 3.32*10−8 (esu) for CQDs with a concentration of 70 mA at 473 nm wavelength.

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2022
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Effluent Quality Assessment Monitoring of Al-Rustamiya Sewage Treatment Plant Using Geographical Information System (GIS)
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Abstract<p>Water quality assessment offers a scientific basis for water resource development and management. This research aims to assessment of Al-Rustamiya sewage treatment plant depending on annually changes and produces maps that declare changes on parameter during a period (2015-2018). Based on prior Government Department Baghdad Environment data which annually feature changes for samples from Northern Rustamiya have been estimated as a working model. Drawn a map of the Diyala River shows annual changes in the characteristics of the Diyala River, based on northern and southern Rustamiya effluent samples, and Diyala River samples. The characteristics that research focused on were biochemical</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 28 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Calculation the Magnetic Dipole Moments of Some Fluorine Nuclei
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The magnetic dipole moments and the root mean square radius have been calculated some the Fluorine (A= 17, 19, 20, 21) isotopes based on the sd-shell model using universal sd-shell interaction A (USDA). All studied isotopes are composed of 16O nucleus that is considered as an inert core and the other valence particles are moving over the sd-shell model space within 1d5/2, 2s1/2 and 1d3/2 orbits. The configuration of mixing shell model with limiting number of orbitals in the model space outside the inert core fail to reproduce the measured magnetic dipole moments. Therefore, and for the purpose of enhancing the calculations, the discarded space has been included the core polarization effect through the effective g-factors. The harmonic os

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