Objective: To compare two insertion techniques of intramedullary interlocking nails (medial parapatellar versus intrapatellar insertion) in patients with tibial fractures. Methodology: This study was performed at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital from August 2020 until March 2022. All 32 patients with tibial fractures (29 males and 3 females) were included for tibial closed nail fixation and then followed up for 6 months. We categorized these patients into two groups; Group A (16 patients), those treated by medial parapatellar insertion of an interlocking nail, and Group B (16 patients) with transpatellar tibial nail insertion. All patients were treated by the same surgical team. Results: The range of movement in two weeks (from extension

The current research aims to identify the level of mental alertness among students of the Department of Chemistry in the Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences – Ibn Al-Haytham during the academic year (2022-2023). To achieve this goal, a descriptive approach was followed. The research community was identified as all chemistry students across the four grades (first, second, third, and fourth). A sample from each grade was selected for the current research. A tool was prepared to measure mental alertness within the research sample. The researcher adopted the scale by Baer, Smith, Kristemoyer, & Tany (2006), which was developed by Al-Buhairi et al. (2014), ensuring its validity, reliability, and psychometric characteristics, making i

There is no doubt that Agricultural Policy is the main responsible for the degrading in Agricultural sector in Iraq during the period 2003-2013, and that was very clear from magnitude of indicators because of little sharing of each of agricultural product in GDP because it was (9.38%) in average during the study period and the annual changing of it was negative (-5.82%), and there is increasing in deficit of trade balance in Agriculture during the study period about (4185.73) million US$, and the percentage of agricultural exports from total exports was (0.14%) in average only. The foreign trade policy in Agricultural products also cannot determine map of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of Agricultural products and crops. The study sh

Indicators of government debt is of extreme importanse in economic activity through knowledge of the economic impact of government debt, if the phenomenon is accepted or prepared to dangerous stage by stage, and there fore it can Through these indicators to measure the degree of indebtedness in relation to the economic activity of the Government on the one hand, the governments  ability to repay  the other hand.

      Due to this it inferred that the degree of indebtedness in Iraq  specificratio has exceed 60% during the period 1990 – 2002 ntejh lack of political and economic stability of the government, which led to the governments  inability to repay the ma

The external shocks are one of the phenomena that the Iraqi economy is exposed to over a period of time. It is referred to as changes and events that come from outside the economic system and extends to many economic variables. However, foreign direct investment may be severely affected due to the extreme sensitivity to changes and local and international developments. This type of trauma and its characteristics to help manage and cope with external shocks, and in order to avoid the standard problems experienced by some models of simple linear regression, multi-linear regression models were used with variables Scientific and other dummy variables .

        The study foun

     That achieve a level of excellence for the quality of university education cannot be achieved only by uniting the efforts of all employees at the university and active participation by students and by alumni and the labor market and society, however we can say that the administrative and academic  university staff play an active role and the largest in achieving equivalent quality of higher education, It should unite the efforts of all employees in the educational institution in order to achieve quality education. It is the concept of quality of education, quality assurance and overall management of the quality of the basic pillars on which it is based university education. That highlight the need fo

The Research aims to investigate into reality in terms of planning and scheduling management process for sake the implementation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage projects in the Republic of Iraq, with an indication of the most important obstacles that impede the planning and scheduling management process for these projects and ways of addressing them and minimizing their effects.                                                  For the purpose of achieving the goal of the research, a sci