Conjugate heat transfer has significant implications on heat transfer characteristics, particularly in thick wall applications and small diameter pipes. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical investigation was carried out using commercial CFD software “ANSYS FLUENT” to study the influence of conjugate heat transfer of laminar flow in mini channels at constant heat flux wall conditions. Two parameters were studied and analyzed: the wall thickness and thermal conductivity and their effect on heat transfer characteristics such as temperature profile and Nusselt number. Thermal conductivity of (0.25, 10, 202, and 387) W/m2C and wall thickness of (1, 5, and 50) mm were used for a channel of (1*2) mm cross-sectional dimensions. Taking the Reynolds number 800 for all cases. The results demonstrate that the conjugate conduction impact is observed at high conductivities and for large wall thicknesses in the studied materials. This impact flattened the wall temperature distribution along the channel wall instead of being an augmented linear profile. Also, it flattens the local Nusselt number due to the axial heat conduction along the walls. It reduces the effect of the entrance region of high Nusselt number while making the fluid temperature profile curved and redistributing the wall heat flux and accumulating it toward the leading edge. A decrease was observed in the average Nusselt number of 8% when increasing wall thickness from 1 mm to 50 mm for the same thermal conductivity of 10 W/m2C, while an increase in Nusselt number of 19% with thermal conductivity changes from 0.25 W/m2C to 10 W/m2C.
The Fountain of poetry Canot be suddenly flow or flood from emptiness. but it is streams and motives drive it to move . Forward tat Calmness and latent in depth of poet ,and try to Chang it in to high wives , go in to details inside the seas of poetry ,to sail threw it on the ships of poetry in creative styel to reach to the point from imaginary meaning , so every poet has direction to competein poetry poetsin Lament of Imam Hussain, There versification of poetry didn’t come from emptiness , but there was clashes motive them threw Calling the personality of Imam Hussain to learn lesson in avery beautiful and greative styel ,to be the expression poem from many sides in the personality of Imam Hussain from that events and facts that happ
... Show MoreThis Study is Concerned with (the debate of democracy in the modern islamic political thought ) which discovers the attitudes and this trend of thought so-called democracy . Therefore this study is divided into three sections : the first section is concerned with the democracy in extremist Islamic speech, the second section tackles appropriation of democracy in moderate Islamic speech , while the third section is concerned with the democracy in Aistighrabi Islamic speech . Finally the conclusion sums up the findings of the study
Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Leishmania parasite, this disease considers a major health problem among worldwide. Treatments available are expensive or with cytotoxic side effect. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of an herbal new compound, called artemisinin, derived from a Chinese plant called Artemisia annua. Various concentrations were studied in vitro against L. tropica amastigotes by chamber counting to investigate its effect on the proliferation of promastigotes. Three incubation periods were adopted (24, 48, 72) hours. The results showed a significant decrease in surviving promastigotes, in parallel with the normal parasite count of untreated promastigotes, along the periods studied. Th
... Show MoreBackground: Determination of sex and estimation of stature from the skeleton is vital to medicolegal investigations. Skull is composed of hard tissue and is the best preserved part of skeleton after death, hence, in many cases it is the only available part for forensic examination. Lateral cephalogram is ideal for the skull examination as it gives details of various anatomical points in a single radiograph. This study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of digital cephalometric system as quick, easy and reproducible supplement tool in sex determination in Iraqi samples in different age range using certain linear and angular craniofacial measurements in predicting sex. Materials and Method The sample consisted of 113of true lateral cepha
... Show MoreSilymarin is derived from the milk thistle plant, and possesses numerous pharmacological actions, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The aim of the study was to the determination of influence different concentrations of Silymarin on the rumen performance in 30 local lambs (divided into three groups of 10 lambs each). In the first and second groups, 420 and 210 mg kg-1 of silymarin were administered for 8 weeks, and the third group was the control, which received normal saline solution. The parameters evaluated included the level of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia and pH in the rumen. Furthermore, the in vitro digestibility of ash, protein, fat and dry matter was investigated.
... Show MoreObjective: This study aims to analyze the role of the People's Republic of China in the 1955 Bandung Conference and assess its contributions to international cooperation and peace. It specifically examines how China's participation aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 16. Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in a structuralist approach to international relations, focusing on the agency of developing nations in shaping a post-colonial global order. It considers concepts such as peaceful coexistence, national sovereignty, and South-South cooperation. Method: A historical-analytical method is employed, tracing China’s diplomatic trajectory from the 1954 Colombo and Bo
... Show MoreDivine laws are policies that Allah runs his servants, people are different in the accord-ing to the difference of periods .Each period has its kind of conduct and furtune of kindness and their own interest . As every nation has a kind of conduct to be applicable to them even if it will be decay in the rights of the others . For this meaning it would be permitted to meet two prophets in the same period according to the difference of their interest.
The prophecy of Mohamad has been demonstrated and his message was famous according to his miracles and decisive signs. And people from other religions tried to deny his message . As the Christians tried to deny his message by making nobody believe his signs and miracles .
And as the Jews
In this paper, there are two main objectives. The first objective is to study the relationship between the density property and some modules in detail, for instance; semisimple and divisible modules. The Addition complement has a good relationship with the density property of the modules as this importance is highlighted by any submodule N of M has an addition complement with Rad(M)=0. The second objective is to clarify the relationship between the density property and the essential submodules with some examples. As an example of this relationship, we studied the torsion-free module and its relationship with the essential submodules in module M.