In this research, the mechanism of cracks propagation for epoxy/ chopped carbon fibers composites have been investigated .Carbon fibers (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) by weight were used to reinforce epoxy resin. Bending test was carried out to evaluate the flexural strength in order to explain the mechanism of cracks propagation. It was found that, the flexural strength will increase with increasing the percentage weight for carbon fibers. At low stresses, the cracks will state at the lower surface for the specimen. Increasing the stresses will accelerate the speed of cracks until fracture accorded .The path of cracks is changed according to the distributions of carbon fibers

In this research work, a simulator with time-domain visualizers and configurable parameters using a continuous time simulation approach with Matlab R2019a is presented for modeling and investigating the performance of optical fiber and free-space quantum channels as a part of a generic quantum key distribution system simulator. The modeled optical fiber quantum channel is characterized with a maximum allowable distance of 150 km with 0.2 dB/km at =1550nm. While, at =900nm and =830nm the attenuation values are 2 dB/km and 3 dB/km respectively. The modeled free space quantum channel is characterized at 0.1 dB/km at =860 nm with maximum allowable distance of 150 km also. The simulator was investigated in terms of the execution of the BB84 p

    A mathematical model is developed to discuss the impact of the Hall current and the Joule heating on the peristaltic flux of finitely extensible nonlinear elastic Peterlin (FENE-P) fluid in a tapered tube with mild stenosis. The fluid movement  along the wall surface resulted from the sinusoidal wave flowing with constant speed. Conditions of velocity and thermal slip are applied. Lubrication approximation is adopted to modify the governing flow problem. To discover the solution to a system of equations, the regular perturbation approach is used. The effects of the different physical parameters are debated and graphically shown in a set of figures. It is discovered that as the Hall current parameter is increased and the Hartman n

3D models delivered from digital photogrammetric techniques have massively increased and developed to meet the requirements of many applications. The reliability of these models is basically dependent on the data processing cycle and the adopted tool solution in addition to data quality. Agisoft PhotoScan is a professional image-based 3D modelling software, which seeks to create orderly, precise n 3D content from fixed images. It works with arbitrary images those qualified in both controlled and uncontrolled conditions. Following the recommendations of many users all around the globe, Agisoft PhotoScan, has become an important source to generate precise 3D data for different applications. How reliable is this data for accurate 3D mo

High smoke emissions, nitrogen oxide and particulate matter typically produced by diesel engines. Diminishing the exhausted emissions without doing any significant changes in their mechanical configuration is a challenging subject. Thus, adding hydrogen to the traditional fuel would be the best practical choice to ameliorate diesel engines performance and reduce emissions. The air hydrogen mixer is an essential part of converting the diesel engine to work under dual fuel mode (hydrogen-diesel) without any engine modification. In this study, the Air-hydrogen mixer is developed to get a homogenous mixture for hydrogen with air and a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio according to the speed of the engine. The mixer depends on the balance between th

ABSTRACT                                                                                            

The study aims to identify the level of health services provided in private suites to government hospitals from the perspective of the recipi

Erbil city is located in the northern Iraq with a population of over one million people. Due to water crises farmers usually use wastewater and well water for the agricultural production. In this study six stations were designed to sample waste water and three from well water to define waste water and ground water characteristics. In this study, Residual Na⁺ Carbonate, Mg⁺⁺ hazard, salinity hazard, Kelley index, %sodium, total hardness, permeability index, potential salinity, sodium adsorption ratio, and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) were determined. The order of average cation concentrations in water was Mg²⁺> Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺. While the proportion of main

      In this paper, thin films of undoped and nickel oxide (NiO) doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) were prepared using the chemical spray pyrolysis deposition (CSP) technique, with different concentrations of nickel oxide (NiO) in the range (3-9) wt%. The morphological, structural, electrical, and sensing properties of a gas of the prepared thin films were examined. XRD measurements showed that TiO₂ films have a polycrystalline structure. AFM analysis showed that these films have a regular structure both before and after doping . The roughness of these films  decreased after adding  impurities but then the opposite of that took  place. The electrical and gas sens

     Numerical simulations were carried out to evaluate the effects of different aberrations modes on the performance of optical system, when observing and imaging the solar surface. Karhunen-Loeve aberrations modes were simulated as a wave front error in the aperture function of the optical system. To identify and apply the appropriate rectification that removes or reduces various types of aberration, their attribute must be firstly determined and quantitatively described. Wave aberration function is well suitable for this purpose because it fully characterizes the progressive effect of the optical system on the wave front passing through the aperture. The Karhunen-Loeve polynomials for circular aperture were used to