Flavonoids were extracted from Zizyphus spina-christi leaves by Ethyl acetate after acid digested and used as antioxidant. The dried extract was added separately to each sample of fat extracted from hallow cow and sheep bones as follows: T1 cow fat, T2 control for cow fat, T3 sheep fat and T4 control for sheep fat (the control T2 and T4 reffered to samples without added antioxidant).
Samples were stored at -18, 5, 25 and 55 °C for 28 days. The storage trials were conducted at -18, 5 and 25 °C for 28 days for T1, T2, T3 and T4. The chemical indices examined initially and at the end of storage period. PVs was 1.46, 1.46, 1.8 and 1.8 meq/ Kg oil respectively, FFA values were 0.245, 0.245, 0.244 and 0.244% respectively and TBA values were 0.015, 0.015, 0.023 and 0.023 mg malonaldehyde/ Kg oil respectively. The statistical analysis for the obtained results revealed insignificant differences (p< 0.05) among both storage periods and storage temperatures. It was also found that the added antioxidants (Zizyphus leaf) hadn't showed preservative effect on added fat samples.
The storage trial for fat samples were also conducted at 55°C for 28 days. The initial values for PVs were 1.46, 1.46, 1.8 and 1.8 meq/ kg oil respectively and the final values were 3.2, 4.4, 3.6 and 5.4 meq/ kg oil respectively. The FFAs values were initially 0.245, 0.245, 0.244 and 0.244% respectively and the final values were 0.394, 0.507, 0.451 and 0.564% respectively. The TBA values were initially 0.015, 0.015. 0.023 and 0.023 mg malonaldehyde/ kg oil respectively and the final values were 0.02, 0.032, o.o334 and o.o452 mg malonaldehyde/ kg oil respectively. The statistical analysis revealed insignificant differences p< 0.05 among storage periods for both PV and FFA values (except T1 that didn't show significant effect p< 0.05 for FFA) and TBA values. The added antioxidants (Zizyphus leaf) hadn't revealed significant effect on stored oil samples as reflected by obtained results.
BACKGROUND: Keratoconus is a progressive non inflammatory bilateral (usually asymmetric) ectatic corneal disease characterized by paraxial stromal thinning ,weakening that lead to corneal surface distortion ,vision loss primarily from irregular astigmatism and myopia and secondly from corneal scar. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate visual and refractive outcomes after intracorneal continuous ring (ICCR) implantation combined with intrapocket corneal collagen cross linking in patient with keratoconus. Setting: Eye Specialty Private Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. METHODS: This study assessed the results of implantation of Myoring ICCR combined with CXL in 40 eyes with KC. Outcome measures include UDVA,CDVA(spectacle correction),refraction, complications and s
... Show MoreStatic loads exposing to mechanical components can cause cracks, which are lead to form stress concentration regions causing the failure of structure. Generally, from 80% to 90% of structure failure is due to initiation of the cracks. Therefore, it is necessary to repair the crack and reduce its effect on the structure where the effect of the crack is modelled as an additional flexibility to the structure. In the last few years, piezoelectric materials have been considered as one of the most favourable repairing techniques. The piezoelectric material converts the applied voltage on it to a bending moment to counter the bending moment caused by the external load on the beam at the crack location. In this study, the design of the piez
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This work presents the construction of a test apparatus for air-conditioning application that is flexible in changing a scaled down adsorbent bed modules. To improve the heat and mass transfer performance of the adsorbent bed, a finned-tube of the adsorbent bed heat exchanger was used. The results show that the specific cooling power (SCP) and the coefficient of performance (COP) are 163 W/kg and 0.16, respectively, when the cycle time is 40 min, the hot water temperature is 90oC, the cooling water temperature is 30oC and the evaporative water temperature is 11.4oC.
The importance of the current research lies in the importance of teaching competencies and the ability of the teacher to deal and success in his educational career. The research aimed to identify the degree of teaching competencies according to Hermann model of physical education teachers in Baghdad governorate. The descriptive method using the survey method was used on a randomly selected sample of 462 teachers and 314 school principals. After the completion of the survey, the Hermann scale forms were distributed to the teachers. The forms of the teaching competency scale were distributed to their school principals as the direct supervisors of the teachers' evaluation. After completing the survey, the results of each scale were classified
... Show MoreAbstract A description study was carried through out the present study aimed to assess health education provided by nurses to patient with gall stone "obstructive jaundice". The study was conducted at 4 teaching hospital, Baghdad teaching hospital, Al-Karama teaching hospital, Al-Yarmook teaching hospital, Al-Kendy teaching hospital where choloecystectomy was performed, in the period from first of June 2004 to end of July 2004. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire an interview from which was developed for the purpose of the present study. A non-probability (purposive) sample which was consist
This work deals with thermal cracking of three samples of extract lubricating oil produced as a by-product from furfural extraction process of lubricating oil base stock in AL-Dura refinery. The thermal cracking processes were carried out at a temperature range of 325-400 ºC and atmospheric pressure by batch laboratory reactor. The distillation of cracking liquid products was achieved by general ASTM distillation (ASTM D -86) for separation of gasoline fraction up to 220 ºC from light cycle oil fraction above 220 ºC. The comparison between the conversions at different operating conditions of thermal cracking processes indicates that a high conversion was obtained at 375°C, according to gasoline production. According to gasoline produ
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Metasurface polarizers are essential optical components in modern integrated optics and play a vital role in many optical applications including Quantum Key Distribution systems in quantum cryptography. However, inverse design of metasurface polarizers with high efficiency depends on the proper prediction of structural dimensions based on required optical response. Deep learning neural networks can efficiently help in the inverse design process, minimizing both time and simulation resources requirements, while better results can be achieved compared to traditional optimization methods. Hereby, utilizing the COMSOL Multiphysics Surrogate model and deep neural networks to design a metasurface grating structure with high extinction rat
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The use of blended cement in concrete provides economic, energy savings, and ecological benefits, and also provides. Improvement in the properties of materials incorporating blended cements. The major aim of this investigation is to develop blended cement technology using grinded local rocks . The research includes information on constituent materials, manufacturing processes and performance characteristics of blended cements made with replacement (10 and 20) % of grinded local rocks (limestone, quartzite and porcelinite) from cement.
The main conclusion of this study was that all ty
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