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Practice and Opinion of Doctors in Primary Health Care Centers Toward Referral System: Samples from Nine Governorates in Iraq
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Background: Most primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) in Iraq have a referral system records; however, this mechanism does not function well because of the lack of other requirements for an efficient referral system.

Objective: To assess the practice & opinion of doctors in PHCs toward the referral system, and to determine the doctors in PHC's commitment to referral system instructions and guidelines.

Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic elements was conducted in nine health directorates in Iraq, from the 1st October 2018 – 30th June 2019.One PHC was selected randomly form each sector in every governorate, A questionnaire was used to collect the required information. SPSS version 24 analysis was used for the statistical analysis.

Results:  sixty-three doctors were working in PHCs had participated in the current study, the mean age (40.03 ±10.24), 58.7%were female, 46% were general practitioner, 30.2% of the participated doctors had 300 and less patient/month; 31.7% of doctors had ≤10 Patients referred/month, emergencies was the main cause for referral (46.03%), and 37(58.37%) of doctors announced that the referred-form not retrained to the PHC, and ever retrained-forms had no feedback 29(46%), 28(44%)of the participated doctors agreed that the current referral-system was effective and seven of them strongly agreed, 59(93.7%) believe in the importance of hospital-feedback, with a significant relationship between their attitude about the effective-current-referral system & Refer cases Percentage, while no significant-relation with their Patients examined/month. Loaded crowded and hospital doctors shortage as possible causes and suggest to referral-system activation especially the hospital -part".

Conclusions: there was inadequate knowledge of referral-policies and lack of coordination or/and clear feedback-expectations and PHCs-hospitals collaboration and lack of referral-system integrated within an electronic-health-record.

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 06 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The reality of teaching performance materials for teachers of social primary stage
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    The teacher is the most able to achieve the goals of education in education because he has the ability to affect the behavior of the disciples testified and its actions and appearance and other actions that convey pupils with it sometimes in a manner unconscious or unconscious , and the importance of the role of the teacher in the educational process , it is necessary to compromise the care and attention to the extent that commensurate with the important role that the rise in the preparation of youth and composition , and as a result is needed to continue efforts to improve the quality of teacher preparation so that it can be more effective and positive in the educational process .
First - Research Goals -<

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
The Treatment of Wastewater of Alcohol Factory by Filtration as Primary Treatment
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Importance of New Use of Concrete in Iraq Analysis of Development And Use of Concrete in Architecture
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Since its invention by the Ancient Romans and later developed during the mid-18th century, the concrete structure and finish, has been considered as the most powerful, practical, economic and constructional material that meets the building’s architectural and aesthetical requirements. By creating unique architectural forms, the pioneer architects used concrete widely to shape up their innovative designs and buildings.

The pre-mixed ultra-high performance concrete which manufactured by Lafarge.

The transparent concrete and cement that allow the light beams to pass through them, introduces remarkable well-lit architectural spaces within the same structural criteria. This product is a recyclable, sustainab

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 26 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Reconstruction of Paleo depth and Paleo temperature from C- O stable isotope records of Mishrif Formation, southern Iraq
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Stable isotopes 18O/16O and 13C/12C in the carbonate rocks of the Mishrif Formation are examined here to define the depositional characters in the basin includes paleo temperatures and paleo depth.      The Mishrif formation (Cenomanian – Early Turonian) has extensive distribution in Iraq and Middle East. Mishrif Formation composed of organic detrital limestone. Four boreholes in four oilfields, Noor – well (11), Amarah – well (14), Buzurgan – well (24), Halfaya – well (8), in south east of Iraq have been studied. The studied samples have negative δ18O isotope values studied well, with Average (-4.11‰), (-4.47‰), (-4.48‰), (-4.18‰) in the studied wells res

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Detection of Genetic Relationship Between Eucalyptus Species in Iraq
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Abstract<p>Environmental factors that damage plant cells by dehydrating them, such cold, drought, and high salinity, are the most common environmental stresses that have an impact on plant growth, development, and productivity in cultivated regions around the world. Several types of plants have several drought, salinity, and cold inducible genes that make them tolerant to environmental challenges. The purpose of this study was to investigate several species in <italic>Eucalyptus</italic> plants and determined the evolutionary descent between different species of <italic>Eucalyptus</italic>. Samples from plants were used to extract genomic DNA. After sequence methods with phyl</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 26 2019
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
REVISION OF THE FAMILY SPHECIDAE (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA) IN IRAQ
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    A revision study of the Sphecidae from Iraq is presented. A survey is conducted to collect the specimens from different regions; generally, there were 41 species belonging to 12 genera and 4 subfamilies are revised with synonyms.

 

    The current investigation included the species previously reported in Iraq, which were not collected during the current investigations; the distribution and other information are also provided.

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research
Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Strategy and the Traditional Teaching Approach on Nursing Students&#39; Knowledge toward Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at the College of Nursing in University of Baghdad: Randomized Comparative Trial
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MM ABDUL-WAHHAB, SA AHMED, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2020 - Cited by 2

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Studying the Effect of Initial Conditions and System Parameters on the Behavior of a Chaotic Duffing System
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This work presents a five-period chaotic system called the Duffing system, in which the effect of changing the initial conditions and system parameters d, g and w, on the behavior of the chaotic system, is studied. This work provides a complete analysis of system properties such as time series, attractors, and Fast Fourier Transformation Spectrum (FFT). The system shows periodic behavior when the initial conditions xi and yi equal 0.8 and 0, respectively, then the system becomes quasi-chaotic when the initial conditions xi and yi equal 0 and 0, and when the system parameters d, g and w equal 0.02, 8 and 0.09. Finally, the system exhibits hyperchaotic behavior at the first two conditions, 0 and 0, and the bandwidth of the chaotic

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 25 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Design of Expert System for Managing the System of AthTharthar Lake
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The operation and management of water resources projects have direct and significant effects on the optimum use of water. Artificial intelligence techniques are a new tool used to help in making optimized decisions, based on knowledge bases in the planning, implementation, operation and management of projects as well as controlling flowing water quantities to prevent flooding and storage of excess water and use it during drought.

 In this research, an Expert System was designed for operating and managing the system of AthTharthar Lake (ESSTAR). It was applied for all expected conditions of flow, including the cases of   drought, normal flow, and during floods. Moreover, the cases of hypothetical op

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 15 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Determination of Implant Primary Stability: A Comparison of the Surgeon’s Tactile Sense and Objective Measurements
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Background: Evaluation and measurement of primary stability could be achieved by several methods, including the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and implant insertion torque (IT) values. The need for a sufficient primary stability, guaranteed by an adequate insertion torque and implant stability quotient values, increased its importance mainly in one stage implants or in immediate loading protocols. The aims of this study was to find if there is a correlation between the peak insertion torque (PIT) and ISQ values of implants inserted in the jaws of different bone quality which regarded as two important clinical determinant factors for prediction of implant primary stability, and to evaluate and compare whether an experienced clinician cou

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