The effect of the annealing on the optical transmission , absorp tion coefficient,
dielectric constants (ε
r
),( ε
i
) ,Skin depth and the optical ener gy gap of (ZnO)x(CdO)1-x thin
films with (x=0.05) deposited on preheated glass substrates at a temperature of (450 C°) by
chemical pyrolysis technique were performed . These f ilms show direct allowed inter band
transition that influenced by annealing at ( 450 C°) for two hours . And it also found that the
optical ener gy gap has been increased fro m about (2.50 eV) before annealing to about (2.65
eV) after annealing , fro m the analysis of the absorp tion and transmission sp ectra in the
wavelength range (380-900nm) . The results show t

The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is frequently used in pavement engineering
for road pavement inspection. The main objective of this work is to validate
nondestructive, quick and powerful measurements using GPR for assessment of subgrade
and asphalt /concrete conditions. In the present study, two different antennas
(250, 500 MHz) were used. The case studies are presented was carried in University
of Baghdad over about 100m of paved road. After data acquisition and radar grams
collection, they have been processed using RadExplorer V1.4 software
implementing different filters with the most effective ones (time zero adjustment and
DC removal) in addition to other interpretation tool parameters.
The interpretatio

This research represents a practical attempt applied to calibrate and verify a hydraulic model for the Blue Nile River. The calibration procedures are performed using the observed data for a previous period and comparing them with the calibration results while verification requirements are achieved with the application of the observed data for another future period and comparing them with the verification results. The study objective covered a relationship of the river terrain with the distance between the assumed points of the dam failures along the river length. The computed model values and the observed data should conform to the theoretical analysis and the overall verification performance of the model by comparing it with anothe

The inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus rostrata leaves extraction was investigated on multiple-antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria (E.coli and S. aureus), isolated from Iraqi patients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations in a final concentration of 10 mg/ml. Tow fold dilutions was done from (12.5- 100) mg/ ml to examine the antibacterial effect of different concentrations of the plant extract on both bacteria. The study results revealed that Eucalyptus rostrata extract has a potential inhibitory effect on both gram negative and gram positive species. The current study supports the traditional approach of using Eucalyptus rostrata leaves extraction in treatment trails against bacterial infections.

Calciturbidites are similar to siliciclastic turbidites in structure, texture, basin physiography and processes of deposition; nevertheless, their clasts (grains) are carbonate minerals. Turbidity currents transport carbonate grains from carbonate source areas and coastal areas to the deep basins after passing the shelf (peri-platform). These currents are triggered by short-lived catastrophic events, such as tsunamis, earthquakes, marine slides, and typhoons. The Late Cretaceous Zagros Foreland and Hinterland in NE-Iraq (Kurdistan Region) was an active source for the shedding of voluminous sediments to the deep basin of Zagros Foreland Basin. During late Campanian, Shiranish Formation was deposited in the foreland basin; it occurs in the

Separation of Trigonelline, the major alkaloid in fenugreek seeds, is difficult because the extract of these seeds usually contains Trigonelline, choline, mucilage, and steroidal saponins, in addition to some other substances. This study amis to isolate the quaternary ammonium alkaloid (Trigonelline) and choline from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella-foenum graecum L.) which have similar physiochemical properties by modifying of the classical method. Seeds were defatted and then extracted with methanol. The presence of alkaloids was detected by using Mayer's and Dragendorff's reagents. In this work, trigonilline was isolated with traces of choline by subsequent processes of purification using analytical and preparative TLC techniques.

This study did the isolation, purification, and identification of the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi of some infected plants, including Chili pepper, cucumber, and eggplant. The green parts of Pimpinella anisum plant were grounded to a semi-powdered state. Phenols, alkaloids and terpenes were extracted from this plant, then the anti-fungal activity was evaluated at different concentrations of 5% and 10%. The percentage of radial growth inhibition of fungi with plant extracts was measured after seven days of incubation. The results showed that the terpene extract was the most effective against fungi and the alkaloid extract had the least antifungal activity. the percentage of radial growth inhibition was

n this study new derivatives of Schiff bases (5-10) were synthesized from the new starting material 1 . Which has been synthesized by the reaction of (1 mol.) of dichloroacetic acid with two moles of morpholine, in the presence of potassium hydroxide, Ester derivatives 2 and 3 were synthesized by the reaction of 1 with methanol or ethanol respectively in the presence of sulphuric acid as catalyst . Compound 2 was also prepared from dimethylsulphate with high yield , 2 and 3 was used to synthesized 2,2-dimorpholinylacetohydrazide 4 via reaction with NH2NH2.H2O 80% .Imines (5-10) were synthesized via the reaction of 4 with appropriate aromatic aldehydes in the presence of G.A.A as a catalyst . Derivatives compounds (1-10) were identifie

This research represents a practical attempt applied to calibrate and verify a hydraulic model for the Blue Nile River. The calibration procedures are performed using the observed data for a previous period and comparing them with the calibration results while verification requirements are achieved with the application of the observed data for another future period and comparing them with the verification results. The study objective covered a relationship of the river terrain with the distance between the assumed points of the dam failures along the river length. The computed model values and the observed data should conform to the theoretical analysis and the overall verification performance of the model by comparing i

This study aims to assess the suitability of the sediments present in Tigris River, Tikrit city, northern Iraq for concrete production and road building purposes. Representative samples were collected from three selected stations at the study area using the channel modeling method. According to the grain size analysis, the sediments were classified as a type of poorly graded gravels (GP) depending on the unified soil classification system. The true specific gravity of the soil ranged between 2.28 and 2.568. The chemical analysis of the study samples revealed that gypsum content ranged between 0.82 and 1.69 %. Total soluble salts ranged 2.45- 3.87%, the organic matter content ranged 0.14- 0.76%, and the pH value was between 7.73 and 7.38%