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jeasiq-1368
الفساد الاداري والتنمية
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ما الاسباب الرئيسة؟ وما الخسائر الناشئة عنه؟ سؤالان مهمان سيجري اختبارهما في هذه الدراسة، وكذلك اقتراح الاساليب المناسبة لتعزيز الجهود المبذولة لمكافأته في الاقتصاديات النامية والانتقالية. فكثيرة الشكاوي التي نسمعها عن الفساد في الدول النامية، فالرشوة والفساد اصبحتا ظاهرتين مألوفتين لا يمكن ان تحمد عقباهما، وبخاصة عندما ينتشران في كل مرفق خدمي وانتاجي. كما صارت كلف مجابهتمها عالية جداً، ويقابل ذلك ان السيطرة على الفساد لم تكن مستحيلة، بل هي حالة عملية ممكنة، وخصوصاً عندما تهتم الحكومات والدول بصياغة استراتيجيات ملائمة لمكافحته، بعد ان يتم البحث في الاسباب الرئيسة، ودور الحوافز، وكيفية الوقاية منه والإصلاحات الدستورية والاقتصادية. تلك هي استهلال لترجمة المقالة
 
(Gray & Kaufman) . الموسومة (Corruption and Development) ، والمنشورة في مجلة (Finance & Development) لعام (1998).

شهدت السنين القليلة الماضية اهتماماً عاماً لمناقشة مشكلة الفساد، وكان من بين ابرز تلك المناقشات تلك هي التي دارت في البنك الدولي- صندوق النقد الدولي (IMF) في اجتماعاته السنوية. كما نوقشت هذه المشكلة بشكل مكثف ومفصل في اصدارات تقرير التنمية العالمية (World Development Report) خلال عامي (1996، 1997). وبسبب النفوذ المتزايد للمنظمة غير الحكومية (NGO) والمسماة بـ (Transparency International) ، فقد اعطت بدورها لموضوعه الفساد الشيء الكثير عبر اسهاماتها الجادة في إقامة الندوات واعداد النشرات واصدار المجلات. هذا ولقد أشرت مشكلة الفساد حديثاً لدى منظمة التعاون الاقتصادي والتنمية (OECD) بحيث دعاها الامر ان تصف الرشوة (Bribery) بأنها جريمة يفترض ان يحاسب عليها القانون بشدة. وفضلاً عن ذلك، فإن هناك رغبة عالية لدى العديد من المسؤولين في الانظمة الاقتصادية المختلفة في مناقشة تحديات الفساد على مستوى بلدانهم، وبشكل صريح وجدي. وما انتشار الدراسات الميزانية والبحوث النظرية عن الفساد وآثاره الاقتصادية الا دليل آخر مضافاً يعكس اهمية الموضوع.

ومما تجدر الاشارة اليه هنا، ان مسحاً ميدانياً حديثاً جداً اجري على اكثر من (150) موظفاً عمومياً، ممن يشغلون مناصب ادارية عليا في بلدانهم والتي كانت تشكل نحو (60) بلداً نامياً، وصفوا فساد القطاع بأنه اكبر عائق في وجه التنمية والنمو الاقتصادي على مستوى بلدانهم.

 

 

 

 

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