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Private investment and its role in the process of economic reform in Iraq
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بعد ثورة تموز عام 1958في العراق, لم يكن يسمح للقطاع الخاص بأن تكون له استثمارات كبيرة في القطاعات الاقتصادية. وذلك بسبب الإيديولوجيات التي كانت تؤطر الفكر السياسي. حيث كان النهج الاشتراكي هو الغالب في إدارة الأنشطة الاقتصادية. إذ قامت الدولة بتأميم معظم الاستثمارات الخاصة الكبيرة ،لاسيما في القطاع الصناعي مطلع عقد الستينات من القرن الماضي. وظل النشاط العام هو النشاط المهيمن على جميع الفعاليات الاقتصادية. مما حرم الاقتصاد العراقي فرصة الاستفادة من دور القطاع الخاص الوطني إلا في استثمارات صغيرة محدودة رأس المال. كما حرم هذا القطاع من التطور والحصول على الخبرات التكنولوجية، نتيجة عدم السماح للاستثمار الأجنبي بالعمل داخل العراق.

وأن أهمية الاستثمار الوطني أو الأجنبي، ليست متأتية فقط من الحاجة إلى الرأسمال في الدول التي تعاني من شح مواردها المالية، وإنما ً تأتي من المساعدة التي يقدمها الرأسمال الخاص والأجنبي في نقل التكنولوجيا والخبرات الفنية وخلق فرص عمل لامتصاص ظاهرة البطالة التي تعاني منها البلدان النامية ومنها البلدان العربية .

ولأهمية الاستثمار في عملية النمو الاقتصادي وتحقيق قدر من التوازن بين القطاعات الاقتصادية، نجد ان معظم الدول النامية قد أصدرت قوانين لتشجيع حركة الاستثمارات فيها، وعملت على اعتماد سياسات إصلاحية  لتهيأة المناخ الملائم لجذب الاستثمارات الخارجية. لاسيما بعد أن رسخت القناعة بأهمية عملية الإصلاحات الاقتصادية والتفاعل مع المعطيات التي أفرزتها المتغيرات الدولية في عملية التطور الاقتصادي ،وفي مقدمتها الانفتاح على الاستثمار الخارجي. مما ساعد خلال العقدين الماضيين إلى زيادة كبيرة في تدفقات رؤوس الأموال تجاه الدول النامية.

وعراق اليوم يحتاج إلى اعتماد سياسات إصلاحية أكثر من أي وقت مضى تساعد في إعادة هيكلة الاقتصاد العراقي على أسس حديثة، والنهوض بواقع القطاعات الاقتصادية وعدم الاعتماد فقط على القطاع ألاستخراجي. وكان في مقدمة هذه السياسات الإصلاحية تشجيع الاستثمار بجميع أشكاله لإعادة بناء الاقتصاد العراقي. وكانت أولى الخطوات الأساسية في عملية تغير النهج الذي سار عليه في تنمية الاقتصاد العراقي، هو صدور قانون الاستثمار الجديد رقم (13) لسنة (2006) الذي يعد خطوة هامة في تشجع الاستثمارات الخاصة الوطنية والعربية والأجنبية. الى ا

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 11 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Isolation and identification of the Myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus from the Farms and study the inhibitory effect of cells and filtrates against pathogenic fungi
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The study was performed to isolate and identify the Myxococcus fulvus from the one hundred samples of soils of farms. Special growth conditions had been used to support the growth of M.fulvus local isolates and suppressed the growth of other microorganisms like (Drying , High Temperature , High concentration of antibiotics and specific growth media ) M.fulvus isolates had been subjected to the morphological, cultural , biochemical examination for identification , as well as , study the inhibitory activites of cells and filtrates of localized isolates against some pathogenic fungi include (Trichophyton mentagrophytes , Microsporum gypseum , Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxyporum ) by using three methods :- Cup assay , well diffusio

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 11 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
The Formulation and Characterization of Nimodipine Nanoparticles for the Enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate
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Nimodipine (NMD) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker useful for the prevention and treatment of delayed ischemic effects. It belongs to class ? drugs, which is characterized by low solubility and high permeability. This research aimed to prepare Nimodipine nanoparticles (NMD NPs) for the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate. The formulation of nanoparticles was done by the solvent anti-solvent technique using either magnetic stirrer or bath sonicator for maintaining the motion of the antisolvent phase. Five different stabilizers were used to prepare NMD NPs( TPGS, Soluplus®, HPMC E5, PVP K90, and poloxamer 407). The selected formula F2, in which  Soluplus 

has been utilized as a stabilizer, has a par

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2024
Journal Name
Partial Differential Equations In Applied Mathematics
The modeling and mathematical analysis of the fractional-order of Cholera disease: Dynamical and Simulation
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In this study, a cholera model with asymptomatic carriers was examined. A Holling type-II functional response function was used to describe disease transmission. For analyzing the dynamical behavior of cholera disease, a fractional-order model was developed. First, the positivity and boundedness of the system's solutions were established. The local stability of the equilibrium points was also analyzed. Second, a Lyapunov function was used to construct the global asymptotic stability of the system for both endemic and disease-free equilibrium points. Finally, numerical simulations and sensitivity analysis were carried out using matlab software to demonstrate the accuracy and validate the obtained results.

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 22 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Immunohistochemical expression of D2-40, VEGF and PCNA as biological markers of lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis and proliferation in pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland origin
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Background: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumor and shows a pronounced morphological complexity and diversity; for this The immunoprofiles and clinical course of PA differed according to cellular differentiation. Therefore, it is important to assess potential biomarkers in diagnostic and therapeutic trials. This study evaluates the immunohistochemical expression of D2-40, VEGF and PCNA as markers of lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis and proliferation of PA and their correlation with clinicpathological parameters and with each other. Materials and Methods: Twenty five formalin – fixed, paraffin – embedded tissue blocks were included in this study. After histopathological reassessment of haematoxylin & eosin

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Handling a problem of transport solid waste in Baghdad City to Healthy landfill sites using transportation Model
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 A problem of solid waste became in the present day common global problem among all countries, whether developing or developed countries, and can say that no country in the world today is immuning from this dilemma which must find appropriate solutions. The problem has reached a stage that can not ignore or delay, but has became a daily problem occupies the minds of ecologists, economists and politicians took occupies center front in the lists of  priorities for the countries in terms of finding solutions to the rapid scientific and radical them. and that transport costs constitute an important component of total costs borne by the municipal districts in the process of disposal of solid waste, so any improvement in the

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
Manifestations of social isolation in contemporary theater- Socio aesthetic study: صميم حسب الله يحيى -نورس عادل هادي
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The research presented to the concept of social isolation through the manifestations of that concept and its works within the theatrical presentation space, and the diversity of directing experiences that the theatrical field benefited from, as contemporary data that contributed to the production of theatrical speech engaging with various levels of different form and content, and this was revealed through the chapters of the research that included The first chapter (the systematic framework), the second chapter (theoretical framework), which included the first topic (formations of social isolation), the second topic (social isolation in the world stage), and resulted in indicators including:
1- Postmodernism produced intellectual appr

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
A suggested curriculum for musical appreciation in Art Education Departments - Faculties of Fine Arts: فاضل عرام لازم
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The Department of Art Education in the College of Fine Arts is one of the educational institutions that aims to prepare teachers specialized in teaching art education in secondary schools and other educational institutions, which forces those in charge of preparing the curricula for this section and developing it, taking into account the rapid scientific and technological development. And the subject (Music Appreciation) is one of the subjects taught for the third grades in Art Education departments, and through the exploratory study carried out by the researcher it became clear to him that the Faculties of Fine Arts agreed to define their educational objectives and outputs in the subject (Music Appreciation) in Art Education departments

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 12 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of Education Program on Health Care Workers’ Practices toward Waste Management in Primary Health Care Centers
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Objective(s): The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of education program on Health Care Workers’ practices toward Primary Health Care Centers waste management and to identify the relationship between these practices and the demographic characteristics of the health workers. Methodology: A quasi- experimental design (pre-post tests) has been used in the present study for the period of November 16th 2014 to June 22nd 2015 .The allocated sample in the present study is consisted of (60) health care worker. The sample was randomly divided into two groups of (30) health care workers each. The stu

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 19 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Health Sciences
A study of the mechanical and electrical activities of the heart and their relationship to the phosphagenic and lactic energy systems of young basketball players
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It was found that there was a significant correlation between all tests of the mechanical and electrical activity of the heart (systolic force FC, stroke volume SV, end-diastolic volume, EF volume, and left ventricular volume during diastole LVDD) with the test of the oxygen-phosphating energy system (Markaria). - As safe (Margaria-Kalamen( It was found that there is a significant correlation between all tests of the mechanical and electrical activity of the heart (myocardial systolic force FC, stroke volume SV, end-diastolic volume EDV, and the percentage of heart pumpingEF blood, and left ventricular volume during diastole (LVDD) with the Lactational Oxygen Energy System Test (Wingate Test 30 Second(

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 11 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Impact of Health Educational Program Upon Nurses' Knowledge Towards Postoperative Wounds Care In Mosul Teaching Hospitals
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Objectives: The study aimed to assess the needs of nurses' knowledge toward post operative wound care and to constructed health educational program upon nurses who are working in surgical wards, to determine the relation between nurses' knowledge and their demographical characteristic which includes ( age, gender, level of education, number of years experience in the surgical wards, years of experience in nursing service, and number of attending an educational sessions), and to identify the impact of the health educational program on their knowledge through perform post-test every two months after imp

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