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Private investment and its role in the process of economic reform in Iraq
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بعد ثورة تموز عام 1958في العراق, لم يكن يسمح للقطاع الخاص بأن تكون له استثمارات كبيرة في القطاعات الاقتصادية. وذلك بسبب الإيديولوجيات التي كانت تؤطر الفكر السياسي. حيث كان النهج الاشتراكي هو الغالب في إدارة الأنشطة الاقتصادية. إذ قامت الدولة بتأميم معظم الاستثمارات الخاصة الكبيرة ،لاسيما في القطاع الصناعي مطلع عقد الستينات من القرن الماضي. وظل النشاط العام هو النشاط المهيمن على جميع الفعاليات الاقتصادية. مما حرم الاقتصاد العراقي فرصة الاستفادة من دور القطاع الخاص الوطني إلا في استثمارات صغيرة محدودة رأس المال. كما حرم هذا القطاع من التطور والحصول على الخبرات التكنولوجية، نتيجة عدم السماح للاستثمار الأجنبي بالعمل داخل العراق.

وأن أهمية الاستثمار الوطني أو الأجنبي، ليست متأتية فقط من الحاجة إلى الرأسمال في الدول التي تعاني من شح مواردها المالية، وإنما ً تأتي من المساعدة التي يقدمها الرأسمال الخاص والأجنبي في نقل التكنولوجيا والخبرات الفنية وخلق فرص عمل لامتصاص ظاهرة البطالة التي تعاني منها البلدان النامية ومنها البلدان العربية .

ولأهمية الاستثمار في عملية النمو الاقتصادي وتحقيق قدر من التوازن بين القطاعات الاقتصادية، نجد ان معظم الدول النامية قد أصدرت قوانين لتشجيع حركة الاستثمارات فيها، وعملت على اعتماد سياسات إصلاحية  لتهيأة المناخ الملائم لجذب الاستثمارات الخارجية. لاسيما بعد أن رسخت القناعة بأهمية عملية الإصلاحات الاقتصادية والتفاعل مع المعطيات التي أفرزتها المتغيرات الدولية في عملية التطور الاقتصادي ،وفي مقدمتها الانفتاح على الاستثمار الخارجي. مما ساعد خلال العقدين الماضيين إلى زيادة كبيرة في تدفقات رؤوس الأموال تجاه الدول النامية.

وعراق اليوم يحتاج إلى اعتماد سياسات إصلاحية أكثر من أي وقت مضى تساعد في إعادة هيكلة الاقتصاد العراقي على أسس حديثة، والنهوض بواقع القطاعات الاقتصادية وعدم الاعتماد فقط على القطاع ألاستخراجي. وكان في مقدمة هذه السياسات الإصلاحية تشجيع الاستثمار بجميع أشكاله لإعادة بناء الاقتصاد العراقي. وكانت أولى الخطوات الأساسية في عملية تغير النهج الذي سار عليه في تنمية الاقتصاد العراقي، هو صدور قانون الاستثمار الجديد رقم (13) لسنة (2006) الذي يعد خطوة هامة في تشجع الاستثمارات الخاصة الوطنية والعربية والأجنبية. الى ا

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2013
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Numerical Analysis of Double Diffusive Laminar Natural Convection in a Right Angle Triangular Solar Collector
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A numerical study of the double-diffusive laminar natural convection in a right triangular solar collector has been investigated in present work. The base (absorber) and glass cover of the collector are isothermal and isoconcentration surfaces, while the vertical wall is considered adiabatic and impermeable. Both aiding and opposing buoyancy forces have been studied. Governing equations in vorticity-stream function form are discretized via finite-difference method and are solved numerically by iterative successive under relaxation (SUR) technique. Computer code for MATLAB software has been developed and written to solve mathematical model. Results in the form of streamlines, isotherms, isoconcentration, average Nusselt, and average Sherw

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
Art as a therapy to relieve symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), in children
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The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using Art as therapy to reduce the symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder (ADHD), in primary school children.
A clinical approach was used to test the validity of the hypothesis of our study, conducted on two second and fourth-year primary school pupils from Algiers, aged 7 and 9 years respectively.
In addition to the clinical observation and interview, we made use of the "Conners" scale for a (pre and post intervention) ADHD assessment, consisting of a combination of Art media in the form of mosaic works on purposely prepared panels. After 10 therapy sessions, results revealed the effectiveness of Art therapy in reducing ADHD in primary education

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
Procedures of Westernization for Legend In Iraqi Theater Show: علاء كريم صاحب-جاسم كاظم عبد
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Art of legend was arisen out of pillars of theatre which casts light on those legends that were written to glorify powers and situations surpass level of human beings . So we find that legend was transformed through its doctrine sides over level of concept and realization on field of subjects where by which Greek theatre was founded . As soon as it was adopted by drama art as legendary ritual phenomena with its stories . With that modes of social , spiritual expressions were differentiated within communities , peoples over all different countries and civilizations . This explains us the apparent difference in cases of legends , alike if they were within thoughtful , social or cultural sides between civilizations . Since drama art is mirr

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 28 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Effectiveness of Digital journalism in developing political awareness among Iraqi feminist activists "A survey study"
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The paper aims to reveal the effectiveness of digital journalism in developing political awareness among Iraqi feminist activists. This paper is descriptive, and it adopted the analytical descriptive survey method. A snowball sample composed of (102) respondents of Iraqi feminist activists was adopted and questionnaire was used to collect data. The research has reached the following conclusions: The rate of Iraqi Feminist Activists dependence on digital Journalism have increased; to develop their political awareness, and their preference - in this regard - (the pages of journalistic institutions to social media) in a way that exceeds other types of digital journalism. (Variety of languages) has topped the priorities of Iraqi feminist act

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Review Of International Geographical Education
A New Approach in Determining the Criteria of Equations for Morphometric Characteristics of River Basins - Applied Morphometric Study of The Mamaran Basin
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This study aimed at some of the criteria used to determine the form of the river basins, and exposed the need to modify some of its limitations. In which, the generalization of the elongation and roundness ratio coefficient criterion was modified, which was set in a range between (0-1). This range goes beyond determining the form of the basin, which gives it an elongated or rounded feature, and the ratio has been modified by making it more detailed and accurate in giving the basin a specific form, not only a general characteristic. So, we reached a standard for each of the basins' forms regarding the results of the elongation and circularity ratios. Thus, circular is (1-0.8), and square is (between 0.8-0.6), the blade or oval form is (0.6-0

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 10 2021
Journal Name
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
Corruption Risk Analysis at the Project Planning Stage in the Iraqi Construction Sector using the Bowtie Methodology
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In this paper, the bowtie method was utilized by a multidisciplinary team in the Federal Board of Supreme Audit (FBSA)for the purpose of managing corruption risks threatening the Iraqi construction sector. Corruption in Iraq is a widespread phenomenon that threatens to degrade society and halt the wheel of economic development, so it must be reduced through appropriate strategies. A total of eleven corruption risks have been identified by the involved parties in corruption and were analyzed by using probability and impact matrix and their priority has been ranked. Bowtie analysis was conducted on four factors with high score risk in causing corruption in the planning stage. The number and effectiveness of the existing proactive meas

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 28 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Content of Data Journalism in Security Topics - Security Media Cell Model Research extracted from a master’s thesis
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This paper aims at the analytical level to know the security topics that were used with data journalism, and the expression methods used in the statements of the Security Media Cell, as well as to identify the means of clarification used in data journalism. About the Security Media Cell, and the methods preferred by the public in presenting press releases, especially determining the strength of the respondents' attitude towards the data issued by the Security Media Cell. On the Security Media Cell, while the field study included the distribution of a questionnaire to the public of Baghdad Governorate. The study reached several results, the most important of which is the interest of the security media cell in presenting its data in differ

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 28 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Decision-making by the administrative bodies of sports clubs participating in the Iraqi Premier League for football for the 2022-2023 season.
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The research aimed to study the decision-making of the administrative bodies of sports clubs participating in the Iraqi Football Premier League for the 2022-2023 season. The researchers used the descriptive approach (survey study) to suit the nature of the research. The research community is represented by members of the administrative bodies of the sports clubs participating in the Iraqi Premier Football League for the 2022-2023 season, who number (177) members of the administrative body. The researchers used the questionnaire to collect the necessary data to achieve the goal of researching The method of applying a questionnaire aimed to identify the decision-making of the administrative bodies of sports clubs. The most important r

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 31 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EFFECT OF ADDING QUERCETIN TO TRIS EXTENDER IN SOME SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF AWASSI RAMS AFTER DIFFERENT PERIODS OF CRYOPRESERVATION: EFFECT OF ADDING QUERCETIN TO TRIS EXTENDER IN SOME SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF AWASSI RAMS AFTER DIFFERENT PERIODS OF CRYOPRESERVATION
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ABSTRACT

The study evaluated the effect of adding quercetin to some characteristics of the sperm of the ram. This study was conducted in the animal field, Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad for the period 5/12/2021 to 20/2/2022. In this experiment, 3 rams were used at the age of 2-2.5 years and weighed 50-55 kg. The semen was collected early in the morning and once a week and the semen was pooled to remove the individual differences. The treatments were divided: quercetin-free control group, treatment T1 (3 µL/mL quercetin), T2 treatment (6 µL/mL quercetin), T3 treatment (9 µL/mL quercetin). The result of the study showed

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Assessment of Some Physiological, Immunological and Molecular Biomarkers in Sample of Iraqi Women Undergoing Caesarean Section and Normal Delivery
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     Pregnancy and delivery are physiological conditions that are marked by abrupt alterations to hormones, immunological and molecular characters. The current study aimed to evaluate oxytocin (OT), prolactin (PRL), cortisol and insulin growth factor-2 (IGF-2) levels as physiological biomarkers; programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1),interleukin-6 (IL-6) as immunological biomarkers, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs53576 and rs2254298) of oxytocin receptor gene OXTR as molecular factors in samples of Iraqi women undergoing caesarean section (CS) and normal delivery (ND). Blood samples were collected from 96 pregnant women at term with ages ranging between 16-43 years. Regarding

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