The extraction of Cupressus sempervirens L. or cypress essential oil was studied in this paper. This cypress oil was extracted by using the hydro-distillation method, using a clevenger apparatus. Cupressus sempervirens L. leaves were collected from Hit city in Al-Anbar province – Iraq. The influences of three important parameters on the process of oil extraction; water which used as a solvent to the solid ratio (5:1 and 14:1 (ml solvent/g plant), temperature (30 to 100 °C) and processing time, were examined to obtain the best processing conditions to achieve the maximum yield of the essential oil. Also, the mathematical model was described to calculate the mass transfer coefficient. Therefore, the best conditions, that were obtained in

 The paper sheds light on the meanings of colours as a significant  medium reflecting the world linguistic image which represents the culture of any country since language is closely related with culture. Language goes hand in hand with people's daily expressions, specifically those cultural ones. Language is a way to store historical and cultural information, and is a means of transferring the experience of a group to outside groups. 

The world linguistic image identifies the standards of human behavior in dependence upon the human view of the surrounding world, along with the type of behavior with which the world interacts and to whose challenges and effects it responds. So, multi-cultural people perceive the sam

Dans la langue française, une forme d'auxiliarité, composée de deux éléments cohérents l'auxiliant et l'auxilié, fournit, en effet, à la phrase une diversité significative et structurale. L'auxiliarité, renvoie à l'unification de deux éléments grammaticaux afin de localiser l'énoncé sur l'axe du temps, d'aspect ou de mode. É. Benveniste définit l'auxiliarité en : « Il s'agit d'une forme linguistique unitaire qui se réalise, à travers des paradigmes entiers, en  deux éléments, dont chacun assume une partie des fonctions grammaticales, et qui sont à la fois liés et autonomes, distincts et complémentaires »[1]. Ces deux éléments d'auxiliarité possèden

Apprendre une langue étrangère est une nécessité dans notre. Monde actuel. II y a quelques années certains croyaient qu'apprendre les langues étrangères servait uniquement aux examens a L'école et que c'était un luxe réservé a l'élite. De nos jours et à l'heure de la mondialisation des échanges et du développement des relations entre les pays, beaucoup ont pris conscience des multiples possibilités qu'offre L'apprentissage des langues des autres pays. La mondialisation a fait de la connaissance des langues un enjeu essentiel personnel, professionnel et culturel, pour le citoyen d'aujourd'hui et de demain. La mondialisation pousse nos jeunes a apprendre de plusieurs langues, s'ils ne maîtrisent pas bien la langue, ils ser

Essentiellement, la critique est l’âme de tous les domaines: artistique, scientifique, historique, … et littéraire. C’est la critique qui leur garantit l’existence et la continuité ; une telle puissance mérite d’être étudiée. La critique que nous allons aborder a pour objet l’étude de l’art littéraire. Cet art qui n’est que le recuit des faits et des expériences humains : Le critique à contempler ces expériences par une vision profonde susceptible de toucher les motifs les plus secrets ; il a à lire tout ce qui n’est pas écrit et à y ajouter sa culture pour en faire l’oeuvre critique.
Ainsi, critiquer, ce n’est pas attaquer, invectiver ni punir, mais c’est comprendre et analyser les oeuvre litté

Fourteen morphologically varied Ricinus communis L. seeds were collected from different localities in Egypt, El-Sudan and Saudi Arabia. Seed morphology and ITS barcoding analysis were performed to assess their diversity and phylogenetic relationship. Sequence’s alignment of nrITS region from different accessions display high levels of genetic similarities. Cluster analysis could not group different accessions according to their geographical distribution. Nevertheless, the genetic barcodes are interestingly matched with the morphological features of the Ricinus seeds. In conclusion, seed morphology proved to be a valuable tool in evaluating biodiversity and phylogenetic relationship in plant species with different loca

Through this descriptive study of the image of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the independent Iraqi press, the researcher relies on surveys, content analysis, and observation tools. The research community selected was the Iraqi independent press, represented by the Al-Zaman, Al-Dustour, and Al-Mada newspapers. The researcher adopts the comprehensive inventory method for newspaper issues produced between October 2019 and January 2020.

The results of this study show that Iran's interference in Iraq's internal affairs was one of the most prominent components of the picture that independent Iraqi newspapers seek to paint about the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Human cystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus is one of most important and widespreadparasitic zoonoses in the world. The present study was aimed to identify the immunomodulatory activity ofaqueous extract of Cordia myxa fruit since this plant considers one of medically important plants, which is widely used for treatment of numerous diseases, that correlate with the effectiveness of immunized by hydatid cyst fluid antigen HCFAg. Forty Balb/c mice were divided into equal groups, first group was immunized with HCFAg, the second group was treated with aqueous extract of C. muxa fruit, the third group was immunized and treated, the fourth group was as a control. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), Mitotic index (MI) and histop