بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

     هذا البحث جاء للتعرف على عقلية ابن عصفور النقدية، فالنقد النحوي عنده قائم على منهجية علمية دقيقة يستند إلى السماع والقياس والإجماع، ويظهر لنا شخصيته الموسوعية وسعة اطلاعه على معظم ما أُلّف من مناهج نحوية وصرفية؛ ّلأنّ النقد النحوي من أبرز جوانب النقد اللغوي، ومظاهر النقد النحوي عند ابن عصفور جاءت لبيان الحكم على الآراء والأدلة عند تحليلها ومناقشتها، فهو ي

اعتاد كثير من الناس النظر إلى الظل على انه ناتج عرضي لوجود الضوء والشكل(الجسم)،مثلما اعتادوا ان يكون
الظل دالة لوجود الشكل، فيكفي-مثلا- أن نرى ظل احد الأشكال لنوقن بوجوده، لكن، ماذا سيحصل لو قمنا باصطناع ذلك
الظل مع غياب الشكل الأصلي؟؟.
محاولة تفكيك العلاقة بين الشكل وظله وإمكانية الارتقاء بالظل ليكون عنصرا تصميميا مستقلا غير مرتبط لزوما
بوجود "شكل" مشابه له ،تلك هي مشكلة هذا البحث والتي سوف يحاول سبر أ

The principal components analysis is used in analyzing many economic and social phenomena; and one of them is related to a large group in our society who are the university instructors. This phenomenon is the delay occurred in getting university instructor to his next scientific title. And as the determination of the principal components number inside the principal components depends on using many methods, we have compared between three of these methods that are: (BARTLETT, SCREE DIAGRAM, JOLLIFFE).

     We concluded that JOLLIFFE method was the best one in analyzing the studying phenomenon data among these three methods, we found the most distinguishing factors effecting on t

Recent advancement in production technologist of manufacturing processes have left an important effects upon cost structure. Moreover the problem for providing necessary and adequate information for managerial decision making.

Therefore the cost – volume – profit analysis under the new activity based costing has replace the old method for Analysing the relation between C.V.P with respect to profit planning and control.

In brief the C.V.P object is to discuss the effect of changes on profit resulting from changes in sales volume, cost of manufacturing and selling price.

This study consists of four chapters:

The first chapter dea

This research describes Iraqi housing in the first decade of the twenty-first century, taking ALAdhamiya
as a model, depending on descriptive method of inductive approach to the study of this decade.
By doing the field study for three neighborhood in Adhamiya district. Which takes in consideration the
comparison between housing in the first period of the first decade of the twenty-first century with the
second period of this decade: the latest decades of 21th century. And for many aspects involving areas,
sizes, forming, direction of opening of housing and the function, to reach the most important transformation
of Iraqi housing in the first decade of this century in order to give a picture of the residential fact for t

عند الكتابة عن إمارة الحج في الدولة العربية الإسلامية لابد من التوقف عند المدة الزمنية للخليفة الرشيد لأهميتها في معرفة تطور الأحداث التاريخية وأبعادها، فمن خلال تتبع من تولى تلك الإمارة يمكن لنا استنتاج أمور عدة عن المنهج السياسي الذي كان يعتمده الخليفة الرشيد  في إدارة الدولة.

The research aims to achieve proof of convergence between optimal costs and standard costs in calculating costs for the economic unit, support efforts aimed at adopting optimal costs in cost accounts and accounting thought in general, and achieve benefit from the theory of convergence between optimal costs and standard costs in the field of achieving actual costs in The economic unit in order to reduce and converge, and this came to address the possibility of adopting the concept of optimal costs in the production costs calculations for the purposes of rationalizing administrative decisions, and rationalizing the preparation of financial statements within management accounting.

The research concluded that

In light of the increasing importance of interim financial statements they provided these lists of information that enables users of accounting information to make wise investment decisions and predict the company's activities in light of changes the updated rather than wait until the end of the year and accessing information provided by the annual financial statements. In light of this research has come to the most important set of conclusions the adoption of interim financial information has been audited by the external auditor to the availability of basic qualitative characteristics in the accounting information contained in the (appropriate and timely manner, reliability and comparability) and this in turn leads to the impact on reli

The research work is "The passive voice as a grammatical phenomenon in four selected textbooks". The research deals with the grammatical phenomenon passive in German. The research consists of two parts, the theoretical and the empirical part. The present research work is divided into 3 sections:

The first section includes the definition of passive, passive types, process passive, state passive, passive with modal verbs, and other types of passive. The second section provides illustrations of the four selected textbooks. The third chapter presents the passive voice in textbooks, namely German language teaching for foreigners by Dora Schulz and Heinz Griesbach, Delfin von Aufderstrasse H. and others, Em von Balme, M. and others and

   ملخّص البحث     

     لقد كان هذا البحث نتاج صراع واقع، وادعاء طرأ على ساحة الأمة اليوم ، وكان نصيبي هو الدفاع عن الدين بالقلم سلاح الفكر مما يراد من تشويه الحقائق او سرقة الدين بإسم الدين واحتكاره، لذا اردت عرض الموضوع كما عرضه القرآن في سورة البقرة بعد جهد تأمل ولجوء الى الله بأن يفيض علينا من سحائب رحمته وفضله ومَنهِ وكرمه بما يفتح لنا من فهم آياته في هذه السورة في س