Background: It has been well known that the success of mandibular implant- retained overdenture heavily depends on initial stability, retention and long term osseointegration this is might be due to optimal stresses distribution in surrounding bones. Types of mandibular implant- retained overdenture anchorage system and number of dental implants play an important role in stresses distribution at the implant-bone interface. It is necessary to keep the stresses below the physiologic tolerance level of the bone .since. And it is difficult to measure these stresses around bone in vivo. In the present study, finite element analysis used to study the stresses distribution around dental implant supporting Mandible implant retained overdenture Materials and methods: Eight models were constructed including four designs of anchorage system (ball-cup, ball-O Ring, bar without distal extension and bar with distal extension).The first group of models were supported by four dental implant and second group of models were supported by two dental implant only. Models constructed from the data obtained directly from patient The contour of bone was obtained from C.T scan image of patient, then data transferred to ANSYS program for modeling then load applied and solve the equation by the program, Specified nodes were selected at the rings of crestal bone (cortical bone) and cortical cancellous interface around each dental implant and fixed for all models to monitor the stress change in that regions of different design of MIR-OD.. After load application, Specified nodes were selected at the rings of crestal bone (cortical bone) and cortical cancellous interface around each dental implant and fixed for all models to monitor the stress change in that regions of different design of MIR-OD . Results: In the present study the stress distribution and maximum stresses value around dental implant had a relationship to the number of dental implant. , The result appeared that the maximum stresses and means of stresses value was lower in the first group of models (which was supported through the use four dental implant) than the second group of models (which was supported through the use of two dental implant only). For the first group of models the maximum stresses value around mesial implant was11.67, 10.51, 10.98 and 10.72 Mpa, while the maximum stresses around distal implant was 21.33, 18.51, 18.86, and17.56 Mpa for models 1,2,3 and 4respectively ,and the stresses around implant supporting second group of models was 22.52, 22.16, 20.51 and 19.60 Mpa for models 5,6,7and8 respectively .Statistical analyses of means value appeared that there was statistically significant difference in stresses means value around implant of the second group with that’s values around mesial and distal implant supporting first group of model . Regarding the result of both ball and bar system, it has been demonstrated that stress was greater with ball attachment and MIR-OD supported by the use of four dental implants and anchored by bar attachments with distal extension gives the minimum values of stresses than the rest models. Also the results show that higher stresses value was appeared at the cortical bone ring surrounding dental implant especially the distal implant nearest to the free end extension area. Also it was appeared that the best model was Mandible implant- retained overdenture that’s anchored by bar with distal extension and support by four dental implant. Conclusions: Bar-clips with distal extension mode of attachment considered the best type in producing the least stresses around dental implant regardless number of dental implant used.
The injection of Low Salinity Water (LSWI) as an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method has recently attracted a lot of attention. Extensive research has been conducted to investigate and identify the positive effects of LSWI on oil recovery. In order to demonstrate the impact of introducing low salinity water into a reservoir, simulations on the ECLIPSE 100 simulator are being done in this work. To simulate an actual reservoir, an easy static model was made. In order to replicate the effects of injecting low salinity water and normal salinity, or seawater, the reservoir is three-phase with oil, gas, and water. It has one injector and one producer. Five cases were suggested to investigate the effect of low salinity water injection with differen
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This research dealt with highlighting the images of marriage through the modern means of communication and the legal ruling for it. Dowry even be knotted on them; because they are then one of the parties to the contract and contracted in one contract, and this is prohibited by law and law and common sense.
It turns out that it is permissible to advertise marriage through the Internet in accordance with the rules and standards that preserve values and morals and safeguard dignity and chastity. The acts in Islamic law are vested with intentions. If intentions are true, then the act is true, and Internet marriage is what falls under this order.<
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In regression testing, Test case prioritization (TCP) is a technique to arrange all the available test cases. TCP techniques can improve fault detection performance which is measured by the average percentage of fault detection (APFD). History-based TCP is one of the TCP techniques that consider the history of past data to prioritize test cases. The issue of equal priority allocation to test cases is a common problem for most TCP techniques. However, this problem has not been explored in history-based TCP techniques. To solve this problem in regression testing, most of the researchers resort to random sorting of test cases. This study aims to investigate equal priority in history-based TCP techniques. The first objective is to implement
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Permeability is one of the essential petrophysical properties of rocks, reflecting the rock's ability to pass fluids. It is considered the basis for building any model to predict well deliverability. Yamama formation carbonate rocks are distinguished by sedimentary cycles that separate formation into reservoir units and insulating layers, a very complex porous system caused by secondary porosity due to substitute and dissolution processes. Those factors create permeability variables and vary significantly. Three ways used for permeability calculation, the firstly was the classical method, which only related the permeability to the porosity, resulting in a weak relationship. Secondly, the flow zone indicator (FZI) was divided reservoir into
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This study aims to suggest a technique for soil properties improvement of AL- Kadhimin shrine Minaret and to support the foundation, which has a tilt of roughly 80 cm from the vertical axis. The shrine of the AL- Kadhimin is made up of four minarets with two domes set in a large courtyard. The four minarets have skewed to varying degrees due to uncontrolled dewatering inside the shrine in recent years. However, the northeast minaret was the most inclined due to its proximity to the well placed inside shrine courtyard. When the well near the minaret is operated, the water level drops, increasing the effective stresses of the soil and causing differential settling of the minaret foundation. To maintain the minaret's foundation from potenti
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This research aimd to analyze the role of strategic entreprenenial on according to the external performance of a sample of Iraqi private banks, namely, (National Islamic Bank, Iraqi Ahli Bank, Baghdad Bank , Middle East Iraqi Investment Bank) has launched research in fundamental problem stems from the question seeking his response to the characterization of the problem which is improve banking performance through strategic entreprenenial and to achieve the goal of the research was to prepare a questionnaire included a number of questions about the independent research and approved variables accounting for the independent variable strategic entreprenenial and included four dimensions (entreprenenial culture), entreprenenial leader
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